• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.101-112
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• 2005

사람이 두 눈을 통하여 3차원 공간을 지각하는 것과 같이 두 대의 카메라로부터 얻어진 스테레오 영상을 이용하여 3차원 정보를 얻을 수 있다. 스테레오 영상은 많은 데이터량을 가지기 때문에 최근 수년간 디지털 비디오 압축 기술의 발전과 함께 스테레오 영상을 효율적으로 압축하기 위한 기술이 개발되고 있다. 스테레오 영상을 압축하고 3차원 정보를 추출하는데 이용되는 양안차 추정은 일반적으로 두 스테레오 영상의 화소 간의 밝기 차이를 이용한다. 하지만 두 카메라의 초점거리, 방향, 상대적 위치, 조리개에 의해 입사되는 빛의 양 등의 미세한 차이에도 스테레오 영상 간의 밝기차가 발생한다. 밝기차가 있는 스테레오 영상은 부정확한 양안차 벡터와 이에 따른 낮은 압축 효율과 같은 문제점을 발생시킬 수 있다. 따라서 이런 스테레오 영상 간의 밝기차를 사전에 보상한 후 압축함으로써 압축의 효율을 높이고, 또한 재생 시 두 눈을 통하여 들어오는 서로 다른 시각 정보로 인한 눈과 두뇌의 피로를 덜어 줄 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 간단하면서도 효율적인 전처리 방법으로 전역 밝기 보상과 국부지역 밝기 보상 및 계층적 밝기 보상을 제안한다 실험결과는 제안된 보상 방법이 효율적으로 스테레오 영상을 압축하는 것을 보여준다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2008

Objectives: To compare the contents of heavy metals, residual pesticides and sulfur dioxide before/after a decoction. Methods: The heavy metal contents before/after a decoction were measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer(ICP-AES) and mercury analyzer. In order to analyze pesticides in 5 samples we used simultaneous multi-residue analysis of pesticides by GC/ECD, which was followed by GC/MSD analysis to confirm the identity of the detected pesticide in each sample. In addition, the contents of sulfur dioxide($SO_2$) were performed by Monier-Williams distillation method. Results: 1. The mean values of heavy metal contents(mg/kg) for the samples were as follows: Galgeun-tang(before decoction-Pb; 0.793, Cd; 0.133, As; 0.016 and Hg; 0.005, after decoction-Pb; 0.033, Cd; 0.004, As; 0.002 and Hg; not detected), Gumiganghwal-tang(before decoction-Pb; 0.934, Cd; 0.197, As; 0.046 and Hg; 0.006, after decoction-Pb; 0.062, Cd; 0.007, As; 0.004 and Hg; 0.0001), Sosiho-tang(before decoction-Pb; 0.891, Cd; 0.134, As; 0.091 and Hg; 0.014, after decoction-Pb; 0.036, Cd; 0.002, As; 0.004 and Hg; not detected), Ojuck-san(before decoction-Pb; 0.907, Cd; 0.136, As; 0.084 and Hg; 0.007, after decoction-Pb; 0.074, Cd; 0.007, As; 0.011 and Hg; 0.0005) and Samsoeum(before decoction-Pb; 1.234, Cd; 0.154, As; 0.016 and Hg; 0.007, after decoction-Pb; 0.094, Cd; 0.006, As; 0.002 and Hg; 0.001). 2. Contents(mg/kg) of residual pesticides before/after a decoction in all samples were not detected. 3. Contents(mg/kg) of sulfur dioxide($SO_2$) before a decoction in Galgeun-tang, Gumiganghwal-tang, Sosiho-tang, Ojuck-san and Samsoeum exhibited 1.2, 3.4, 11.1, 12.0 and 5.7, respectively. However, contents of sulfur dioxide after a decoction in all samples were not detected. Conclusions: These results will be used to establish a criterion of heavy metals, residual pesticides and sulfur dioxide.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 1999년도 추계학술발표회 초록집
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• pp.15-15
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• 1999

In chip plating, several parameters must be taken into consideration. Current density, solution concentration, pH, solution temperature, components volume, chip and media ratio, barrel geometrical shape were most likely found to have an effect to the process yields. The 3 types of barrels utilized in chip plating industry are the conventional rotating barrel. vibrational barrel (vibarrel), and the centrifugal type. Conventional rotating barrel is a close type and is commonly used. The components inside the barrel are circulated by the barrel's rotation at a horizontal axis. Process yield has known to have higher thickness deviation. The vibrational barrel is an open type which offers a wide exposure to electrolyte resulting to a stable thickness deviation. It rotates in a vertical axis coupled with multi-vibration action to facilitate mixed up and easy transportation of components, The centrifugal barrel has its plated work centrifugally compacted against the cathode ring for superior electrical contact with simultaneous rotary motion. This experiment has determined the effect of barrel vibration intensity to the plating thickness distribution. The procedures carried out in the experiment involved the overall plating process., cleaning, rinse, Nickel plating, Tin-Lead plating. Plating time was adjusted to meet the required specification. All other parameters were maintained constant. Two trials were performed to confirm the consistency of the result. The thickness data of the experiment conducted showed that the average mean value obtained from higher vibrational intensity is nearer to the standard mean. The distribution curve shown has a narrower specification limits and it has a reduced variation around the target value, Generally, intensity control in vi-barrel facilitates mixed up and easy transportation of components, However, it is desirable to maintain an optimum vibration intensity to prevent solution intrusion into the chips' internal electrode. A cathodic reaction can occur in the interface of the external and internal electrode. $2HD{\;}+{\;}e{\;}{\rightarrow}20H{\;}+{\;}H_2$ Hydrogen can penetrate into the body and create pressure which can cause cracks. At high intensity, the chip's motion becomes stronger, its contact between each other is delayed and so plating action is being controlled. However, the strong impact created by its collision can damage the external electrode's structure thereby resulting to bad plating condition. 1 lot of chip was divided into two equal partion. Each portion was loaded to the same barrel one after the other. Nickel plating and tin-lead plating was performed in the same station. Portion A maintained the normal barrel vibration intensity and portion B vibration intensity was increased two steps higher. All other parameters, current, solution condition were maintained constant. Generally, plating method find procedures were carried out in a best way to maintained the best plating condition. After plating, samples were taken out from each portion. molded and polished. Plating thickness was investigated for both. To check consistency of results. 2nd trial was done now using different lot of another characteristics.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.53-63
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• 2009

Objective : To compare the contents of heavy metals, residual pesticides and sulfur dioxide before/after a decoction. Methods : The heavy metal contents before/after a decoction were measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP-AES) and mercury analyzer. In order to analyze pesticides in 4 samples we used simultaneous multi-residue analysis of pesticides by GC/ECD, which was followed by GC/MSD analysis to confirm the identity of the detected pesticide in each sample. In addition, the contents of sulfur dioxide ($SO_2$) were performed by Monier-Williams distillation method. Results: 1. The mean values of heavy metal contents (mg/kg) for the samples were as follows: Jaeumganghwa-tang (before decoction - Pb; 1.190, Cd; 0.184, As; 0.099 and Hg; 0.028, after decoction - Pb; .033, Cd; 0.003, As; 0.005 and Hg; 0.001), Yukmijiwhang-tang (before decoction - Pb; 0.484, Cd; 0.133, As; 0.053 and Hg; 0.009, after decoction - Pb; 0.065, Cd; 0.008, As; 0.007 and Hg; not detected), Bojungikgi-tang (before decoction - Pb; 0.863, Cd; 0.197, As; below 0.016 and Hg; 0.011, after decoction - Pb; 0.071, Cd; 0.009, As; 0.004 and Hg; 0.001) and Ssangwha-tang (before decoction - Pb; 1.511, Cd; 0.212, As; 0.094 and Hg; 0.016, after decoction - Pb; 0.029, Cd; 0.006, As; 0.005 and Hg; 0.0004). 2. Contents (mg/kg) of sulfur dioxide ($SO_2$) before a decoction in Jaeumganghwa-tang, Yukmijiwhang-tang and Ssangwha-tang exhibited 22.7, 107.3 and 5.5, respectively. However, contents of sulfur dioxide after a decoction in all samples were not detected. 3. Contents (mg/kg) of residual pesticides before/after a decoction in all samples were not detected. Conclusion : These results will be used to establish a criterion of heavy metals, residual pesticides and sulfur dioxide.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.108-117
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• 2009

Objective: To compare the contents of heavy metals, residual pesticides and sulfur dioxide before/after a decoction. Methods: The heavy metal contents before/after a decoction were measured by inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES) and mercury analyzer. In order to analyze pesticides in 5 samples we used simultaneous multi-residue analysis of pesticides by GC/ECD, which was followed by GC/MSD analysis to confirm the identity of the detected pesticide in each sample. In addition, the contents of sulfur dioxide ($SO_2$) were performed by Monier-Williams distillation method. Results: 1. The mean values of heavy metal contents (mg/kg) for the samples were as follows: Sipjeondaebo-tang (before decoction - Pb; 1.163, Cd; 0.257, As; 0.080 and Hg; 0.016, after decoction - Pb; 0.059, Cd; 0.007, As; 0.006 and Hg; 0.0003), Palmul-tang (before decoction - Pb; 1.181, Cd; 0.242, As; 0.152 and Hg; 0.014, after decoction - Pb; 0.067, Cd; 0.008, As; 0.008 and Hg; 0.0003), Sagunja-tang (before decoction - Pb; 1.285, Cd; 0.283, As; 0.063 and Hg; 0.012, after decoction - Pb; 0.047, Cd; 0.009, As; 0.004 and Hg; not detected) and Samul-tang (before decoction - Pb; 1.025, Cd; 0.169, As; 0.099 and Hg; 0.013, after decoction - Pb; 0.065, Cd; 0.007, As; 0.010 and Hg; 0.001). 2. Contents (mg/kg) of residual pesticides before/after a decoction were not detected in any samples. 3. Contents (mg/kg) of sulfur dioxide ($SO_2$) before a decoction in Sipjeondaebo-tang, Palmul-tang, Sagunja-tang and Samul-tang exhibited 5.0, 6.0, 14.0 and 6.9, respectively. However, contents of sulfur dioxide after a decoction were not detected in any samples. Conclusion: These results will be used to establish a criterion for heavy metals, residual pesticides and sulfur dioxide.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제48권8호
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• pp.555-563
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• 2020

전진익 항공기는 평익 항공기와 비교하였을 때 우월한 공력 특성을 갖고 있다. 그러나 전진익 항공기는 종래의 주익에 비하여 낮은 발산 속도를 갖고 있게 되고, 이는 설계 단계에서 필수적으로 고려하여야 한다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 공력탄성학적 테일러링에 대한 연구가 이루어졌다. 적층 판의 최적의 적층 배열을 찾기 위해선 반복적인 계산이 필요하고 이를 위하여 모델링이 용이하고 계산 효율성이 우수한 1차원 보 축소 해석을 수행한다. 해석을 위하여 다물체 동역학 프로그램인 DYMORE를 사용하였고 이를 해석해와 비교하였다. 또한 NACA0015 형상의 다중 셀 구조 단면을 해석하기 위하여 상용 프로그램 VABS를 사용하였고 전진익 항공기의 날개를 보다 현실적으로 해석하기 위하여 oblique 기능을 사용하였다. 공력탄성학적 테일러링을 통하여 얻은 최적의 발산 속도는 238.9m/s이고 이는 기존에 동일 중량, 단일 방향으로 적층한 날개에 비하여 42% 가량 개선된 수치이다. 하지만 공력탄성학적 테일러링이 부주의하게 적용할 경우 기존 단일 적층 날개에 비하여 오히려 감소된 발산 속도를 가질 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.52-58
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• 2018

In this report, we present a case study of how pharmacogenomics and pharmacometabolomics can be useful to characterize safety and pharmacokinetic profiles in early phase new drug development clinical trials. During conducting a first-in-human trial for a new molecular entity, we were able to determine the mechanism of dichotomized variability in plasma drug concentrations, which appeared closely related to adverse drug reactions (ADRs) through integrated omics analysis. The pharmacogenomics screening was performed from whole blood samples using the Affymetrix DMET (Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes and Transporters) Plus microarray, and confirmation of genetic variants was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Metabolomics profiling was performed from plasma samples using liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A GSTM1 null polymorphism was identified in pharmacogenomics test and the drug concentrations was higher in GSTM1 null subjects than GSTM1 functional subjects. The apparent drug clearance was 13-fold lower in GSTM1 null subjects than GSTM1 functional subjects (p < 0.001). By metabolomics analysis, we identified that the study drug was metabolized by cysteinylglycine conjugation in GSTM functional subjects but those not in GSTM1 null subjects. The incidence rate and the severity of ADRs were higher in the GSTM1 null subjects than the GSTM1 functional subjects. Through the integrated omics analysis, we could understand the mechanism of inter-individual variability in drug exposure and in adverse response. In conclusion, integrated multi-omics analysis can be useful for elucidating the various characteristics of new drug candidates in early phase clinical trials.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 한국균학회 2015년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.41-41
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• 2015

Oomycetes belong to the kingdom Straminipila, a remarkably diverse group which includes brown algae and planktonic diatoms, although they have previously been classified under the kingdom Fungi. These organisms have evolved both saprophytic and pathogenic lifestyles, and more than 60% of the known species are pathogens on plants, the majority of which are classified into the order Peronosporales (includes downy mildews, Phytophthora, and Pythium). Recent phylogenetic investigations based on DNA sequences have revealed that the diversity of oomycetes has been largely underestimated. Although morphology is the most valuable criterion for their identification and diversity, morphological species identification is time-consuming and in some groups very difficult, especially for non-taxonomists. DNA barcoding is a fast and reliable tool for identification of species, enabling us to unravel the diversity and distribution of oomycetes. Accurate species determination of plant pathogens is a prerequisite for their control and quarantine, and further for assessing their potential threat to crops. The mitochondrial cox2 gene has been widely used for identification, taxonomy and phylogeny of various oomycete groups. However, recently the cox1 gene was proposed as a DNA barcode marker instead, together with ITS rDNA. To determine which out of cox1 or cox2 is best suited as universal oomycete barcode, we compared these two genes in terms of (1) PCR efficiency for 31 representative genera, as well as for historic herbarium specimens, and (2) in terms of sequence polymorphism, intra- and interspecific divergence. The primer sets for cox2 successfully amplified all oomycete genera tested, while cox1 failed to amplify three genera. In addition, cox2 exhibited higher PCR efficiency for historic herbarium specimens, providing easier access to barcoding type material. In addition, cox2 yielded higher species identification success, with higher interspecific and lower intraspecific divergences than cox1. Therefore, cox2 is suggested as a partner DNA barcode along with ITS rDNA instead of cox1. Including the two barcoding markers, ITS rDNA and cox2 mtDNA, the multi-locus phylogenetic analyses were performed to resolve two complex clades, Bremia lactucae (lettuce downy mildew) and Peronospora effuse (spinach downy mildew) at the species level and to infer evolutionary relationships within them. The approaches discriminated all currently accepted species and revealed several previously unrecognized lineages, which are specific to a host genus or species. The sequence polymorphisms were useful to develop a real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay for detection of airborne inoculum of B. lactucae and P. effusa. Specificity tests revealed that the qPCR assay is specific for detection of each species. This assay is sensitive, enabling detection of very low levels of inoculum that may be present in the field. Early detection of the pathogen, coupled with knowledge of other factors that favor downy mildew outbreaks, may enable disease forecasting for judicious timing of fungicide applications.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.237-246
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• 2009

1. Objectives To compare the contents of heavy metals, residual pesticides and sulfur dioxide before/after decoction. 2. Methods The heavy metal contents before/after decoction were measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) and mercury analyzer. In order to analyze pesticides in 3 samples we used simultaneous multi-residue analysis of pesticides by GC/ECD, followed by GC/MSD analysis to confirm the identity of the detected pesticide in each sample. In addition, the contents of sulfur dioxide (SO2) were performed by Monier-Williams distillation method. 3. Results 1) The mean values of heavy metal contents (mg/kg) for the samples were as follows: Yuldahanso-tang (before decoction - Pb; 1.85, Cd; 0.148, As; 0.042 and Hg; 0.003, after decoction - Pb; 0.096, Cd; 0.006, As; 0.006 and Hg; 0.002), Chongsimyonja-tang (before decoction - Pb; 1.193, Cd; 0.094, As; 0.084 and Hg; 0.008, after decoction - Pb; 0.053, Cd; 0.007, As; 0.011 and Hg; not detected) and Taeyeumjowee-tang (before decoction - Pb; 0.878, Cd; 0.078, As; 0.302 and Hg; 0.004, after decoction - Pb; 0.079, Cd; 0.005, As; 0.006 and Hg; not dectcted). 2) Contents (mg/kg) of residual pesticides before/after decoction in all samples were not detected. 3) Contents (mg/kg) of sulfur dioxide (SO2) before decoction in Yuldahanso-tang, Chongsimyonja-tang and Taeyeumjowee-tang exhibited 6.1, 37.8, 31.5 and 19.7, respectively. However, contents of sulfur dioxide after decoction in all samples were not detected. 4. Conclusion These results will be used to establish a criterion of heavy metals, residual pesticides and sulfur dioxide.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2010년도 학술발표회
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• pp.565-570
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• 2010

에디 공분산 방법을 사용하여 설마천 유역 혼효림(2007년 9월부터 2009년 12월)과 청미천 유역논(2008년 8월부터 2009년 12월)에서 증발산을 조사하였다. 연구 결과를 요약하면 아래와 같다. ${\bullet}$ 설마천 유역의 일 증발산은 0.1 - 5.7 $mm\;d^{-1}$의 변동폭을 가지며 연평균 $1.2{\pm}1.2mm\;d^{-1}$였다. ${\bullet}$ 청미천 유역의 일 증발산은 0.1 - 5.0 $mm\;d^{-1}$의 변동폭을 가지며 연평균 $1.5{\pm}1.1mm\;d^{-1}$였다. ${\bullet}$ 설마천 유역의 증발산은 강수량의 약 30%을 차지하였으며, 청미천 유역에서 증발산은 약 40%를 차지하였다. ${\bullet}$ 설마천 유역과 청미천 유역의 증발산의 경우, 지표와 대기간의 접합정도를 나타내는 오메가인자(${\Omega}^*$) 오메가는 여름에 0.4로 부과증발산이 평형증발산보다 전체 증발산에 기여하는 조금 큼을 보였다.