• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.368-376
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• 2014

In order to measure the segmental impedance of the body, a bioelectrical impedance measurement system (BIMS) using multi-frequency applying method and two-electrode method was implemented in this study. The BIMS was composed of constant current source, automatic gain control, and multi-frequency generation units. Three experiments were performed using the BIMS and a commercial impedance analyzer (CIA). First, in order to evaluate the performance of the BIMS, four RC circuits connected with a resistor and capacitor in serial and/or parallel were composed. Bioelectrical impedance (BI) was measured by applying multi-frequencies -5, 10, 50, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, and 500 KHz - to each circuit. BI values measured by the BIMS were in good agreement with those obtained by the CIA for four RC circuits. Second, after measuring BI at each frequency by applying multi-frequency to the left and right forearm and the popliteal region of the body, BI values measured by the BIMS were compared to those acquired by the CIA. Third, when the distance between electrodes was changed to 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15 cm, BI by the BIMS was also compared to BI from the CIA. In addition, BI of extracellular fluid (ECF) was measured at each frequency ranging from 10 to 500 KHz. BI of intracellular fluid (ICF) was calculated by subtracting BI of ECF measured at 500 kHZ from BI measured at seven frequencies ranging from 50 to 500 KHz. BI of ICF and ECF decreased as the frequency increased. BI of ICF sharply decreased at frequencies above 300 KHz.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 1994

This study consists of two procedures on back analysis and forward analysis which is a basic tool of the former. For a safe and economical construction of underground structures, it is required to identify the structural parameters and analyze the structural behavior as exactly as possible. In this paper, a boundary element method to analyze the behavior of multi-alyered underground structures is studied, in which body forces and initial stresses are considered. That is, each layer is discritized into subregions using infinite fundamental solutions, and terms of body forces and initial stresses are transformed into boundary integral where the applied direct integral method is used. And the system of equations containing body forces and initial stresses are considered. That is, each layer is discritized into subregions using infinite fundamental solutions, and terms of body forces and initial stresses are transformed into boundary integral where the applied direct integral method is used. And the system of equations containing body forces and initial stresses are composed, then the method to solve unknowns is used with applying compatibility and equilibrium conditions between interfaces. As well, the direct search method is applied in back analysis problems. By Powell's method as a technique to search unknown parameters, assuming displacements calculated from boundary element analysis as in-situ displacements, elastic moduli and initial stresses are presumed. As consequences of this study, the results of boundary element analysis of the behavior of multilayered structure considering body forces and initial stresses are agreed with those of finite element analysis. And results of back analysis of elastic moduli and initial stresses in each layers are agreed with exact values with a little difference. Therefore, it is known that this study can be efficiently applied for analyzing the behavior of underground structures including back analysis problems.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• 제34권10B호
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• pp.981-987
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• 2009

Recently, the study on wireless body area network for providing ubiquitous healthcare services has been actively done, including the standardization of the IEEE and others. Wireless body area network is usually configured in tree format using multi-hop communication mode due to the power limitation and the characteristics of human body. In this case, differently from existing sensor network, the wireless body area network tends to be disconnected due to the frequent movement of human body. The number of connections which can be supported at each node has some limitations due to the constraint imposed on power consumption. In this paper, we have proposed a heuristic algorithm for optimal selection of parent node with guaranteed QoS for a disconnected node, which considers the priority on packet transmission. Simulation has been performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.402-409
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• 2019

Patients with dementia or elderly patients who can not move at all by themselves are at a high risk of falls and bedsore due to lack of caregivers. In this paper, to solve this problem, we propose an algorithm to determine the patient's lying postures by discriminating the main body parts such as head, shoulders, and hips based on the pressure intensity sensed at regular intervals. A smart mat with a lattice structure in which a pressure sensor is arranged so that the body part can be discriminated irrespective of the physical characteristics has been implemented. It consists of two modules of $7{\times}7$ array size. Each module consists of 49 FSR-406 sensors and independently senses pressure. For each module, the body part corresponding to the upper body or the lower body is sequentially discriminated by using a pressure distribution such as a cumulative pressure sum using a filter. The proposed algorithm can identify five lying positions by examining the inclusion relationship between body parts belonging to layer-1 such as head, shoulder, and hip area.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.239-247
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• 2013

Recently renewable energy such as offshore wind energy takes a higher interest due to the depletion of fossil fuel and the environmental pollution. This paper deals with multi-body dynamics (MBD) analysis technique for offshore wind turbine system considering aerodynamic loads and Thevenin equation used for determination of electric generator torque. Dynamic responses of 5MW offshore wind turbine system are evaluated via the MBD analysis, and the system is the horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) which generates electricity from the three blades horizontally installed at upwind direction. The aerodynamic loads acting on the blades are computed by AeroDyn code, which is capable of accommodating a generalized dynamic wake using blade element momentum (BEM) theory. In order that the characteristics of dynamic loads and torques on the main joint parts of offshore wind turbine system are simulated similarly such an actual system, flexible body modeling including the actual structural properties are applied for both blade and tower in the multi-body dynamics model.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• 제29권3_4호
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• pp.391-402
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• 2005

Tile purposes of this study were to find out any significant relations among body image, needs for body modification, self concept, and some selected clothing behaviors of two age group females using social comparison theory as the research background. The sampling method was a convenient sampling, and the subjects were 56 females aged from 20 to 24 years and 54 females aged from 40 to 49 years. The quasi-experiment and survey were conducted from May 1 to June 30, 2002. The results of tile study were as follows. First, the perceptual body image is more important than measured body size and ideal body size in body image. Apart from measurement instrument, people who perceived slim had higher self concept, exhibition and conformity of clothing. Second, there were significant differences between the two age groups(twenties and forties) in needs for plastic modification, self concepts and clothing behaviors. The younger age group exhibited higher need for modification than the older age group and the younger group also showed higher self concept, higher interests in clothing and fashion, more exhibition tendency and conformity to clothing.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of multi-enzyme supplementation in a corn and soybean meal-based diet on the growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility, blood profile, fecal microbes and noxious gas emission in growing pigs. A total of 80 crossbred [(Landrace ${\times}$ Yorkshire) ${\times}$ Duroc] growing pigs with an average body weight (BW) of $25.04{\pm}1.44kg$ were used in a 6-week experiment. The experimental treatments were as follows: CON, basal diet and; T1, basal diet + 100 mg/kg multi-enzyme. During the experiment, the pigs fed the diet with multi-enzyme supplementation had a higher gain to feed ratio (G/F) (p < 0.05) than the pigs fed the diet without multi-enzyme supplementation. On day 42, the pigs fed the diet with multi-enzyme supplementation had decreased $H_2S$ and $NH_3$ emissions (p < 0.05) than the pigs fed the diet without multi-enzyme supplementation. However, no effect was observed on nutrient digestibility, blood profiles and fecal microbes among the treatments (p > 0.05). In conclusion, it is suggested that multi-enzyme supplementation in a corn and soybean meal based diet can partly improve the growth performance and noxious gas emission of growing pigs.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.1080-1085
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• 2004

The physical model considered here is a horizontal layer of fluid heated below and cold above with heat-generating conducting body placed at the center of the layer. The dimensionless thermal conductivities of body considered in the present study are 0.01, 1 and 150. The dimensionless temperature difference ratios considered are 0.25, 2.5 and 25. Two-dimensional solution for unsteady natural convection is obtained using an accurate and efficient Chebyshev spectral methodology for variety of Rayleigh number from $10^{3}$ to $10^{6}$. Multi-domain technique is used to handle square-shaped heat-generating conducting body. The results for the case of conducting body with heat generation are also compared to those without heat generation.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• 제25호
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• pp.176-183
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to show the implications of the term "digital architecture," which are realized in the current architecture. To do this, I first observe its theoretical background and then analyze the works of Marcos Novak, Kas Oosterhuis, and Lars Spuybroek, all of whom are called the typical digital architects. In particular, this study tries to show that the digital architects are introducing the non-Euclidean multi-dimensions and the cyberspace and applying the notions of liquid architecture, transarchitecture, body-building, and body-building, and body-motorized system into their works. Finally, I conclude that the digital architecture anticipates the direction of the future architecture, in which the virtual world is merged with the real world, the digital space is realized in the real space, and the human is completely harmonized with nature.th nature.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 1996년도 춘계 학술대회논문집
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• pp.46-51
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• 1996

The flow field around a three dimensional minivan-like body has been simulated. This study solves 3-D unsteady incompressible Navier-Stokes equations on a non-orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system using second-order accurate schemes for the time derivatives, and third/second-order scheme for the spatial derivatives. The Marker-and-Cell concept is applied to efficiently solve continuity equation. The fourth -order artificial damping is added to the continuity equation for numerical stability. A H-H type multi-block grid system is generated around a three dimensional minivan-like body. Turbulent flows have been modeled by the Baldwin-Lomax turbulent model. The simulation shows three dimensional vortex-pair just behind body. And the flow separation is also observed the rear of the body. It has concluded that the results of present study properly agree with physical flow phenomena.