• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.1450-1470
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to develop elementary science programs that used multi-level instruction and to analyze verbal interaction patterns in science classes that applied these programs. For this study, the 27 children from the fifth grade at B elementary school, located in Gyeonggi-do, were selected and separated into heterogeneous groups of four students. Verbal interactions occuring in two groups during each class were recorded using video. Elementary science programs using multi-level instruction were developed to target a fifth grade second semester 'Lesson 1. Human Body'. This program provided a mission form for each group and evaluation form for each child. A mission form depending on the children's level has different colors and levels of difficulty for questions. The evaluation form is composed of questions suitable for a child's level in reaching the goal with key concepts. The verbal interaction was mostly categorized into the cognitive domain and the affective domain for analysis. The cognitive domain was subdivided into question, response, making solution, receiving opinion, and the affective domain was divided into behavioral participation and students' attitude. Results of study showed that the frequency of the cognitive domain was higher than the frequency of the affective domain. In the cognitive domain, the median-level was of highest frequency in the children. In the affective domain, high-level was of highest frequency in the children. In terms of both the cognitive and affective domains of children, low-level exhibited the lowest frequency. Verbal interaction frequency was no difference between high-level and median level in cognitive and affective aspects, so median-level children were actively participating in activities similarly with high-level children. There were more types of interactions question, response, making solution, students' attitude in the median-low level children's verbal interaction than high-median level children's verbal interaction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 1999.10b
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• pp.586-588
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• 1999

간소화된 메쉬의 다중해상 표현은 실시간으로 원하는 해상 메쉬의 랜더링이 가능하고 저해상 메쉬에서 고해상 메쉬로의 전환이 시각적인 연속성을 갖는다. 또 메쉬의 공간마다 다른 해상도의 표현이 가능하다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 다중해상모델의 특징과 단점을 알아보고 다중모델링 이슈을 제시한다. 효율적인 가변 LOD를 위한 기존의 다중해상 모델을 일반화시킨 MT(MultiTriangulation)를 제시한다. MT의 구조적 특징, MT에서의 선택적 상세화와 시점과의 거리에 따른 가변 LOD 질의를 알아본다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.231-234
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• 2004

Ratio that robot occupies is low level worldwide fairly in suspension wire, electricity electron and neutralization learning industry and domestic industry of this is staring in average love. Can speak that grafting of robotic machine and neutralization learning industry is high in terms of side of creation of the added value or progress of technology rightly hereupon. This research raises or designed multi-function handling robot that can make welding, assembly conveniently catching large size work water

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.442-449
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• 1986

본 연구에서는 소음원 및 진동원을 규명하기 위하여 사용되어 온 종래의 주파 수응답함수(Frequency Response Function`FRF)법과 소음원 및 진동원 간에 강한 상관 관계가 존재한 경우에 사용되는 기여도함수(coherence function)법을 이용한 다차원 스텍트럼해석(Multi-Dimensional Spectral Analysis`MDSA)법에 의하여 가속도응답 및 방사음과의 기여관계를 규명하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.1045-1056
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• 2007

We consider M/M/1 feedback queues with multi-class customers. We assume that different classes of customers have different arrival rates, service rates and feedback probabilities. Using the h-transforms of McDonald(999) we derive an importance sampling estimator for an overflow probability that the total number of customers in the system reaches a high level before emptying.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.91-98
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• 2012

Since the major cellular data service providers in U.S, Japan as well as in Korea started the LTE (Long Term Evolution) service, there has been more strong need for the methods that can accurately measure the MIMO (Multi Input-Multi Output) OTA (Over The Air) performance of LTE handsets because the performance of the MIMO antenna determines the data throughput in the downlink. In this paper, the hand effect on the MIMO antenna performance is analyzed by numerically and experimentally. The hand effect on the LTE mobile handset is analyzed by measuring the link level performance in the MIMO OTA system.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.116-119
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• 2005

As to the synthetical estimation of land covering parameters or the compounded land covering classification for multi-resolution satellite data, former researches mainly adopted linear or nonlinear regression models to describe the regression relationship of land covering parameters caused by the degradation of spatial resolution, in order to improve the retrieval accuracy of global land covering parameters based on 1;he lower resolution satellite data. However, these methods can't authentically represent the complementary characteristics of spatial resolutions among different satellite data at arithmetic level. To resolve the problem above, a new compounded land covering classification method at arithmetic level for multi-resolution satellite data is proposed in this .paper. Firstly, on the basis of unsupervised clustering analysis of the higher resolution satellite data, the likelihood distribution scatterplot of each cover type is obtained according to multiple-to-single spatial correspondence between the higher and lower resolution satellite data in some local test regions, then Parzen window approach is adopted to derive the real likelihood functions from the scatterplots, and finally the likelihood functions are extended from the local test regions to the full covering area of the lower resolution satellite data and the global covering area of the lower resolution satellite is classified under the maximum likelihood rule. Some experimental results indicate that this proposed compounded method can improve the classification accuracy of large-scale lower resolution satellite data with the support of some local-area higher resolution satellite data.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.699-707
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• 2015

Although digit character recognition has got a significant improvement in recent years, it is still challenging to achieve satisfied result if the data contains an amount of distracting factors. This paper proposes a novel digit character recognition approach using a multi-layer hierarchical model, Hybrid Restricted Boltzmann Machines (HRBMs), which allows the learning architecture to be robust to background distracting factors. The insight behind the proposed model is that useful high-level features appear more frequently than distracting factors during learning, thus the high-level features can be decompose into hybrid hierarchical structures by using only small label information. In order to extract robust and compact features, a stochastic 0-1 layer is employed, which enables the model's hidden nodes to independently capture the useful character features during training. Experiments on the variations of Mixed National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) dataset show that improvements of the multi-layer hierarchical model can be achieved by the proposed method. Finally, the paper shows the proposed technique which is used in a real-world application, where it is able to identify digit characters under various complex background images.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.386-394
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• 2012

Recent trends in the flexible manufacturing systems are morphing cell control for the shop-wide production operation system and providing the integrated operation and execution system together with vendor-specific FMC/FMS platform. In these requirements, the shop-floor level operation system plays a role of coordinating the control activity of each cell, and has to provide flexibility for the complexity of mixed operations of various cells. This paper suggests a system architecture for the mixed environments of multi-cells and job shop, its corresponding enabling technologies based on comparative studies with other related studies and commercialized systems. This approach includes a process definition model considering the integration with upper BOM-BOP and external service modules, and reconfigurable device-level interface which provides dynamic interconnections with machine tools and cell controllers. The function modules and their implementation results are also described to provide the feasibility of the proposed approaches as the flexible shop-floor operation system for the multi-cell environments.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 2009

The main objective was to develop and assess a dynamic fate and transport model for lead in air, soil, sediment, water and vegetation. Daejeon was chosen as the study area for its relatively high contamination and emission levels. The model was assessed by comparing model predictions with measured concentrations in multi-media and atmospheric deposition flux. Given a lead concentration in air, the model could predict the concentrations in water and soil within a factor of five. Sensitivity analysis indicated that effective compartment volumes, rain intensity, scavenging ratio, run off, and foliar uptake were critical to accurate model prediction. Important implications include that restriction of air emission may be necessary in the future to protect the soil quality objective as the contamination level in soil is predicted to steadily increase at the present emission level and that direct discharge of lead into the water body was insignificant as compared to atmospheric deposition fluxes. The results strongly indicated that atmospheric emission governs the quality of the whole environment. Use of the model developed in this study would provide quantitative and integrated understanding of the cross-media characteristics and assessment of the relationships of the contamination levels among the multi-media environment.