• Molecules and Cells
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• v.37 no.11
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• pp.833-840
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• 2014

Cullin4-RING ubiquitin ligase (CRL4) is a family of multi-subunit E3 ligases. To investigate the possible involvement of CRL4 in heat stress response, we screened T-DNA insertion mutants of putative CRL4 substrate receptors that exhibited altered patterns in response to heat stress. One of the mutants exhibited heat stress tolerance and was named heat stress tolerant DWD1 (htd1). Introduction of HTD1 gene into htd1-1 led to recovery of heat sensitivity to the wild type level, confirming that the decrease of HTD1 transcripts resulted in heat tolerance. Therefore, HTD1 plays a negative role in thermotolerance in Arabidopsis. Additionally, HTD1 directly interacted with DDB1a in yeast two-hybrid assays and associated with DDB1b in vivo, supporting that it could be a part of a CRL4 complex. Various heat-inducible genes such as HSP14.7, HSP21, At2g03020 and WRKY28 were hyper-induced in htd1-1, indicating that HTD1 could function as a negative regulator for the expression of such genes and that these genes might contribute to thermotolerance of htd1-1, at least in part. HTD1 was associated with HSP90-1, a crucial regulator of thermotolerance, in vivo, even though the decrease of HTD1 did not affect the accumulation pattern of HSP90-1 in Arabidopsis. These findings indicate that a negative role of HTD1 in thermotolerance might be achieved through its association with HSP90-1, possibly by disturbing the action of HSP90-1, not by the degradation of HSP90-1. This study will serve as an important step toward understanding of the functional connection between CRL4-mediated processes and plant heat stress signaling.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.282-288
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• 2008

Tissue ischemia resulting from the constriction or obstruction of blood vessels leads to an illness that may affect many organs including the heart, brain, and legs. In recent years, considerable progress has been made in the field of therapeutic angiogenesis and the new approaches are expected to cure those "no-option patients" who are unsuited to conventional therapies. Although single angiogenic growth factor may be successful in inducing angiogenesis, combination of multiple growth factors is increasingly sought these days to augment the therapeutic responses. This trend is proper in light of the fact that blood vessel formation is a complex and multi-step process that requires the actions of many different factors. To meet the growing need for functionally significant blood flow recovery in the ischemic tissues, a novel strategy that can provide concerted actions of multiple factors is required. One way to achieve such a goal is to use a transcription factor that can orchestrate the expression of multiple target genes in the ischemic region and thus induce significant level of angiogenesis. Here, a putative transcription factor, cardiac ankyrin repeat protein (CARP), was evaluated in adenoviral vector context for angiogenic activity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The results indicated significant increase in proliferation, capillary-like structure formation, and induction of vascular endothelial growth factor, a typical angiogenic gene. Taken together, these results suggest that CARP represents itself as a novel target for therapeutic angiogenesis and warrants further investigation.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.637-650
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• 2002

This study presents an investigation of the changes of the currents in Kwangyang Bay due to the construction of harbor, reclamation and coastal developments. Currents were simulated by the numerical experiments with a diagnostic multi-level model and using the seasonal oceanographic data of temperature, salinity and ocean current. The values of kinetic and potential energies for the currents were calculated in cases of three topographical changes; before coastal developments, the existing state and after completion of the development project in Kwangyang Bay. The changes of currents due to the coastal developments are as follow; Kinetic energies of tide induced residual currents and wind driven currents decreased by 35~40 percent and 5 percent respectively, however those of density currents increased by 10 percent since the decrease of the coastal areas. Kinetic energy of residual currents including tide induced residual currents, density currents and wind driven currents reduced by 10 percent compared with before the coastal developments. Decrease of current velocity was greatest in summer. Therefore, in summer it was assumed that the Kwangyang Bay is more easily polluted by stratification and decrease of residual current than before the coastal developments carried out.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.32 no.2B
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• pp.100-107
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• 2007

Recently, a study of BcN(Broadband convergence Network) is progressing continuously, and it is important to improve the quality of the service according to subscribers because a scale of network is about to be larger. It is more important to manage QoS(Quality of Service) of all subscribers in layer 2 than layer 3 network since managing it in layer 3 network cost both additional processes and large hardware. Moreover, QoS based on Best-Effort service has been developed because tots of subscribers should use limited resource in BcN. However, they want to be supplied with different service even though they pay more charge. Therefore, it is essential to assign the different bandwidth to subscribers depending on their level of charge. The method of current Rate Limiter limits the bandwidth of each port that does not offer fair service to subscribers. The Rate Limiter proposed in this paper limits bandwidth according to each subscriber. Therefore, subscribers can get fair service regardless of switch structure. This new Rate Limiter controls the bandwidth of subscribers according to the information of learning subscriber and manages maximum performance of Ethernet switch and QoS.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.902-915
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• 2017

In recent years, mobile devices have become increasingly multi-functional and high performance, resulting in a dramatical increase in processing speed. On the other hand, the size of device is reduced, circuits inside the device are more easily exposed to electromagnetic interference radiated from antenna or adjacent circuits, degrading the system performance. To prevent this, it is necessary to design the device considering the electromagnetic characteristics with EM simulation at the design stage of product. However, the EM simulation takes a long analysis time and require high-level system resources for fast analysis. In this paper, an equivalent circuit modeling method for a round wire is proposed using a PEEC method and the electromagnetic coupling from a dipole antenna to a transmission line is analyzed in frequency domain. And compared with the result of electromagnetic simulator. As a result, PEEC method shows good agreement with those of electromagnetic simulation, in a much more short time.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.31-37
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• 2018

Most of tall building systems are composed of above-ground structure and underground structure used for parking and stores. The underground structure may have a pronounced influence on tall building response, but its influence is still not well understood. In a widely referred report on seismic design of tall buildings, it is recommended to model the underground structure ignoring the surrounding ground and to impose input ground motion calculated considering the underground structure-soil kinematic interaction between at its base. In this study, dynamic analyses are performed on 1B and 5B basements. The motions at the base are calculated to free field responses. The motions are further compared to two procedures outlined in the report to account for the kinematic interaction. It is shown that one of the procedure fits well for the 1B model, whereas both procedures provide poor fit with 5B model analysis result.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2017

Modern seismic codes rely on performance-based seismic design methodology which requires that the structures withstand inelastic deformation. Many studies have focused on the inelastic deformation ratio evaluation (ratio between the inelastic and elastic maximum lateral displacement demands) for various inelastic spectra. This paper investigates the inelastic response spectra through the ductility demand ${\mu}$, the yield strength reduction factor $R_y$, and the inelastic deformation ratio. They depend on the vibration period T, the post-to-preyield stiffness ratio ${\alpha}$, the peak ground acceleration (PGA), and the normalized yield strength coefficient ${\eta}$ (ratio of yield strength coefficient divided by the PGA). A new inelastic deformation ratio $C_{\eta}$ is defined; it is related to the capacity curve (pushover curve) through the coefficient (${\eta}$) and the ratio (${\alpha}$) that are used as control parameters. A set of 140 real ground motions is selected. The structures are bilinear inelastic single degree of freedom systems (SDOF). The sensitivity of the resulting inelastic deformation ratio mean values is discussed for different levels of normalized yield strength coefficient. The influence of vibration period T, post-to-preyield stiffness ratio ${\alpha}$, normalized yield strength coefficient ${\eta}$, earthquake magnitude, ruptures distance (i.e., to fault rupture) and site conditions is also investigated. A regression analysis leads to simplified expressions of this inelastic deformation ratio. These simplified equations estimate the inelastic deformation ratio for structures, which is a key parameter for design or evaluation. The results show that, for a given level of normalized yield strength coefficient, these inelastic displacement ratios become non sensitive to none of the rupture distance, the earthquake magnitude or the site class. Furthermore, they show that the post-to-preyield stiffness has a negligible effect on the inelastic deformation ratio if the normalized yield strength coefficient is greater than unity.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1638-1643
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• 2018

Multi-layer ceramic capacitors as decoupling capacitor were fabricated by dielectric composition with a high dielectric constant. The fabricated decoupling capacitors were embedded in the PCB of the 10G RF transceiver module and evaluated for the characteristics of electrical noise by the level of AC input voltage. In order to further improve the electrical properties of the $BaTiO_3$ based composite, glass frit, MgO, $Y_2O_3$, $Mn_3O$, $V_2O_5$, $BaCO_3$, $SiO_2$, and $Al_2O_3$ were used as additives. The electrical properties of the composites were determined by various amounts of additives and optimum sintering temperature. As a result of the optimized composite, it was possible to obtain a density of $5.77g/cm^3$, a dielectric constant of 1994, and an insulation resistance of $2.91{\times}10^{12}{\Omega}$ at an additive content of 5wt% and a sintering temperature of $1250^{\circ}C$. After forming a $2.5{\mu}m$ green sheet using the doctor blade method, a total of 77 layers were laminated and sintered at $1180^{\circ}C$. A decoupling capacitor with a size of $0.6mm(W){\times}0.3mm(L){\times}0.3mm(T)$ (width, length and thickness, respectively) and a capacitance of 100 nF was embedded using a PCB process for the 10G RF Transceiver modules. In the range of AC input voltage 400mmV @ 500kHz to 2200mV @ 900kHz, the embedded 10G RF Transceiver modules evaluated that it has better electrical performance than the non-embedded modules.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• v.1
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• pp.401-405
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• 2006

A uniform velocity field of crust can be obtained by cumulative multi-year GPS data. Then the shortening and sliding of drape zones between Chinese Continent Blocks can be researched through the velocity field and dynamics meaning is also analyzed. A model of movement and strain is created to extract displacing and rotating information of blocks in this paper. On the basis of it, the shortening vectors and sliding states of drape zones between blocks can be obtained by the model of level center of gravity moving velocity vectors between neighboring blocks. Some result show as follows. India plate jostles greatly toward north, so a complicated movement situation is formed for 14 sub-blocks. And self-deformations of inner tectosomes can be greatly reflected according to the characteristics of drape zones between tectosomes. The extrusion deformation exists between Himalaya and Qiangtang blocks. Its contraction ratio is about 20.1 $mm.a^{-1}$. However, it only is $mm.a^{-1}$ between Tarim and Zhungar. The deformation characteristics and contraction ratio of other drape zones are obviously different with the former. The movement characteristics of contraction, shear, dislocation, etc. are showed in these zones. The average contraction ratio is about 5.0 $mm.a^{-1}$. The whole trend in the west continent has a big movement toward north, and in the east continent has a small movement toward south or southeast. The strain of west continent is far bigger than that of east, and the strain of southwest is bigger than that of the southeast. It is whole showed that India plate jostles toward north-east and the south-north zone has cutting and absorbing phenomena. The total characteristics and present-day trends of deformation of inland drape zones are basically described by the sinistrorse dislocation in south-north zone and Arjin fracture, the sinistrorse shear between south china and north china, etc.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.623-628
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• 2009

The emergence of compact and low-power wireless communication sensors and actuators in the technology supporting the ongoing miniaturization of processing and storage allows for entirely the new kinds of embedded systems. These systems are distributed and deployed in environments where they may have been designed into a particular control method, and are often very dynamic. Collection of devices can communicate to achieve a higher level of coordinated behavior. Wireless sensor nodes deposited in various places provide light, temperature, and activity measurements. Wireless sensor nodes attached to circuits or appliances sense the current or control the usage. Together they form a dynamic and multi-hop routing network connecting each node to more powerful networks and processing resources. Wireless sensor networks are a specific-application and therefore they have to involve both software and hardware. They also use protocols that relate to both applications and the wireless network. Wireless sensor networks are consumer devices supporting multimedia applications such as personal digital assistants, network computers, and mobile communication devices. Wireless sensor networks are becoming an important part of industrial and military applications. The characteristics of modem embedded systems are the capable of communicating adapting the different operating environments. In this paper, We designed and implemented sensor network system which shows through host PC sensing temperature and humidity data transmitted for wireless sensor nodes composed wireless temperature and humidity sensor and designs sensor nodes using embedded system with the intention of studying USN.