• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.151-160
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• 2009

In order to use fundamental data for conservation of species diversity and stream health with dam development, fish investigation in up- and downstream of Pyeonglim Dam was seasonally conducted in 2007~2008. In addition, data of water qualities, investigated for environmental impact assessment, were used to determine a water quality standard level in Pyeonglim Stream, and it revealed that water environment condition was good in the stream. During the study period, a total number of fish caught from the 4 study sites was 5,449 representing 9 families 25 species, and there were 8 Korean endemic species (32.0%) including Rhodeus uyekii, Squalidus gracilis majimae, and Microphysogobio yaluensis. Two species of Zacco temminckii (37.5%) and Zacco platypus (26.3%) were dominant and subdominant in all sites. There were few individuals of the $2^{nd}$-class endangered species (Sand lamprey, Lampetra reissneri) and the introduced species (Bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus), found in the upstream of the dam. and further investigation for conservation of the endangered species and for prevention of the introduced species is needed in future. With fish fauna and multi-metric health assessment model in each sampling attempt, index of biotic integrity(IBI) was evaluated and it resulted mostly in good(26~35) and excellent(36~40) condition in all sites. The results indicate that it is very important to study not only environmental impact assessment with fish composition but also stream health assessment in order to conserve healthy aquatic ecosystem.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.233-240
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• 2020

Autophagy regulators are often effective as potential cancer therapeutic agents. Here, we investigated paclitaxel sensitivity in cells with knockout (KO) of ATG5 gene. The ATG5 KO in multidrug resistant v-Ha-ras-transformed NIH 3T3 cells (Ras-NIH 3T3/Mdr) was generated using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The qPCR and LC3 immunoblot confirmed knockout of the gene and protein of ATG5, respectively. The ATG5 KO restored the sensitivity of Ras-NIH 3T3/Mdr cells to paclitaxel. Interestingly, ATG5 overexpression restored autophagy function in ATG5 KO cells, but failed to rescue paclitaxel resistance. These results raise the possibility that low level of resistance to paclitaxel in ATG5 KO cells may be related to other roles of ATG5 independent of its function in autophagy. The ATG5 KO significantly induced a G₂/M arrest in cell cycle progression. Additionally, ATG5 KO caused necrosis of a high proportion of cells after paclitaxel treatment. These data suggest that the difference in sensitivity to paclitaxel between ATG5 KO and their parental MDR cells may result from the disparity in the proportions of necrotic cells in both populations. Thus, our results demonstrate that the ATG5 KO in paclitaxel resistant cells leads to a marked G₂/M arrest and sensitizes cells to paclitaxel-induced necrosis.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.49-64
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• 2001

Fur is conceived as a material signifier, not only with its commodity value as luxury goods but also as its symbolic value as objects invested by one's libidinal desire. In this study, complex meanings of fur as multi-layered signs of political and sexual power focusing on fetishism shall be explored, especially on the spectacle fetishism acted by mass media during the anti-fur movement in the 1980s. In conjuction herewith, a highlight shall also be made to the symbolic value in fashion design since 1990s. In this study, first, as a theoretical investigation, fetishism, that has been traditionally considered only as sexual fetishism in fashion discourse will be explored in socio-economic level. Second, in historical context, how the meanings and values of fur have become realized in various cultural spaces, such as literature, art, film and finally, fashion will be viewed. In fashion, fur is a product of desire and power influenced by commodity fetishism as well as sexual fetishism. During the anti-fur movement, mass media has developed the concept of spectacle fetishism. Fur is a sign of animal-victim, and fur-clad women is viewed with images full of imperialsm, sexism and racism, thus act as derisive spectacles of consumerism. Since 1990s as a reflection on anti-fur movement, fetishistic characteristics, which challenge traditional operation method, are expressed by disguise, parody, and returning to the nature. First, fur as disguise is intended to hide sexually perverse, decadent characteristics and expensiveness of fur by texturing or patterning techniques. Second, fur as parody uses fake fur or dyed fur in order to satirize erotically and ethnographically fetishized meanings of fur. Third, aboriginal design of fur is adapted to use symbolic values outside the West, which can potentially mobilize antagonistic oppositions out of their fetishistic regimes. In conclusion, fur as sign of female sexuality and its libidinal profits of exchange, has significant symbolic values expressed in fashion.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.391-400
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• 2008

Multi-pulse topology of converters using elementary six-pulse GTO - VSC (gate turn off based voltage source converter) operated under fundamental frequency switching (FFS) control is widely adopted in high power rating static synchronous compensators (STATCOM). Practically, a 48-pulse ($6{\times}8$ pulse) configuration is used with the phase angle control algorithm employing proportional and integral (PI) control methodology. These kinds of controllers, for example the ${\pm}80MVAR$ compensator at Inuyama switching station, KEPCO, Japan, employs two stages of magnetics viz. intermediate transformers (as many as VSCs) and a main coupling transformer to minimize harmonics distortion in the line and to achieve a desired operational efficiency. The magnetic circuit needs altogether nine transformers of which eight are phase shifting transformers (PST) used in the intermediate stage, each rating equal to or more than one eighth of the compensator rating, and the other one is the main coupling transformer having a power rating equal to that of the compensator. In this paper, a two-level 48-pulse ${\pm}100MVAR$ STATCOM is proposed where eight, six-pulse GTO-VSC are employed and magnetics is simplified to single-stage using four transformers of which three are PSTs and the other is a normal transformer. Thus, it reduces the magnetics to half of the value needed in the commercially available compensator. By adopting the simple PI-controllers, the model is simulated in a MATLAB environment by SimPowerSystems toolbox for voltage regulation in the transmission system. The simulation results show that the THD levels in line voltage and current are well below the limiting values specified in the IEEE Std 519-1992 for harmonic control in electrical power systems. The controller performance is observed reasonably well during capacitive and inductive modes of operation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.335-342
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• 2012

3D point cloud is widely used in Architecture, Civil Engineering, Medical, Computer Graphics, and many other fields. Due to the improvement of 3D laser scanner, a massive 3D point cloud whose gigantic file size is bigger than computer's memory requires efficient preprocessing and visualization. We suggest a data structure to solve the problem; a 3D point cloud is gradually subdivided by arbitrary-sized cube grids structure and corresponding point cloud subsets generated by the center of each grid cell are achieved while preprocessing. A massive 3D point cloud file is tested through two algorithms: QSplat and ours. Our algorithm, grid-based, showed slower speed in preprocessing but performed faster rendering speed comparing to QSplat. Also our algorithm is further designed to editing or segmentation using the original coordinates of 3D point cloud.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-29
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• 2005

This study examined the antecedents of psychological empowerment at hospital organizations, and also examined their differential effects among occupational groups within hospitals: doctors, nurses, engineers, and administrative workers. Various variables for multi-level factors were examined as antecedents: tenure, income, work centrality, and career goal as personal factors, job variety, job clarity, job significance, and job fitness as job factors, and security, reward justice, and organizational support as organizational factors. Data were collected from 8 national university hospitals, and 1,289 data were used for final analysis. For the whole groups, all antecedents except reward justice had significant effects on, and explained large amount of variance of empowerment. Results from the analysis for each occupational group showed that income, career goal, and job significance had significant effects on empowerment at all occupational groups, while reward justice had not at any groups. The effects of other variables depended on occupational groups. 1bis study found some important antecedents of empowerment which have been less considered in previous research: career goal, work centrality, security, and organizational support. The finding that differential effects of antecedents on empowerment by occupational groups suggests that group characteristics should be considered for studying empowerment. In this study, for example, personal factors rather than both job factors and organizational factors were more effective for empowerment in the engineering group whose job is relatively simple and clear, while job factors were most effective in other groups. The differential effects of antecedents on empowerment by occupational groups also have practical implications for improvement of empowerment at hospitals. For empowerment, personnel management efforts would be more required for administrative workers than other occupational groups, because they perceived least job clarity, job significance, job fitness among the groups, all of which were found to be important determinants of empowerment for them.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.128-137
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• 2018

Background: This study aims to utilize Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) data to identify macroscopic determinants of health at national level and to utilize it in health policy development through comparison and analysis with Korea. Methods: The potential years of life lost (PYLL) were used as dependent variables and 19 indicators were selected as health determinants to be independent variables based on the results of previous studies. Data analysis was done using SAS ver. 9.4 package (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA) and model used in technical statistics concerning PYLL by countries, multi-linearity test between independent variables and OECD economic studies were modified and used. Results: From 1994 to 2012, the average PYLL for OECD countries was 4,262.9 years, the highest in Estonia and the lowest in Iceland. As a result of the analysis using the fixed effect model, the significant variables affecting PYLL were four variables: gross domestic product, nitric oxide, tobacco consumption, and number of doctors. The health determinants that had more influence on the PYLL of Korean people compared to other OECD countries were tobacco consumption, calorie consumption, fat intake and total health expenditure. Conclusion: In order to effectively reduce unnecessary deaths, we must continue to strengthen our smoking policy and nutrition policies such as calorie and fat intake. It is necessary to prevent the increase of total health expenditure due to the increase in the prevalence of chronic diseases and to strengthen the public health aspect.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.7 no.7
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• pp.1547-1568
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• 2013

Wireless body area network (WBAN) is an emerging short-range wireless communication network with sensor nodes located on, in or around the human body for healthcare, entertainment and ubiquitous computing. In WBANs, energy is severely constrained which is the prime consideration in the medium access control (MAC) protocol design. In this paper, we propose a novel MAC protocol named Energy-efficient Relay MAC with dynamic Power Control (ERPC-MAC) to save energy consumption. Without relying on the additional devices, ERPC-MAC employs relaying nodes to provide relay service for nodes which consume energy fast. Accordingly the superframe adjustment is performed and then the network topology can be smoothly switched from single-hop to multi-hop. Moreover, for further energy saving and reliability improvement, the dynamic power control is introduced to adjust the power level whenever a node transmits its packets to the coordinator or the relaying node. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first effort to integrate relay, topology adjustment and power control to improve the network performance in a WBAN. Comprehensive simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance. The results show that the ERPC-MAC is more superior to the existing standard and significantly prolongs the network lifetime.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.268-275
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• 2012

The Purpose of research was conducted to study the effect on the behavior for oral cavity health management, use of dentistry, realities of the diet and state of oral cavity in order to increase awareness and management by women from multicultural families to ensure health of their oral cavity. Women of the Philippines nationality who migrated to Korea after tended to manifest higher frequency of getting treatment at dentistry compared to women of the other nationality. Women of the Japanese nationality who migrated to Korea tended to manifest high frequency of getting treatment at dentistry as well. It is necessary to analyze the difference in the adaption to the society and to the Korean culture in depth by each nation, income level, occupation to be considerate by alleviating financial burden on them.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.560-569
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• 2011

In this paper, we propose a text processing method for Hindi characters, Devanagari scripts, in the Android. The key points of the text processing are to device automata, which define the combining rules of alphabets into a set of syllables, and to implement a font rendering engine, which retrieves and displays the glyph images corresponding to specific characters. In general, an automaton depends on the type and the number of characters. For the soft-keyboard, we designed the automata with 14 consonants and 34 vowels based on Unicode. Finally, a combined syllable is converted into a glyph index using the mapping table, used as a handle to load its glyph image. According to the multi-lingual framework of Freetype font engine, Dvanagari scripts can be supported in the system level by appending the implementation of our method to the font engine as the Hindi module. The proposed method is verified through a simple message system.