• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.245-259
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• 2003

The 2-way balanced one-level rotation design has been discussed (Park et al., 2001), where the 2-way balancing is done on interview time in monthly sample and rotation group. We extend it to 3-way balanced multi-level design to obtain more information of the same sample unit for one or more previous months. The 3-way balancing is accomplished not only on interview time in monthly sample and rotation group but also on recall time as well. The 3-way balancing eliminates or reduces any bias arising from unbalanced interview time, rotation group and recall time, and all rotation groups are equally represented in the monthly sample. We present the rule and rotation algorithm which guarantee the 3-way balancing. In particular, we specify the necessary and sufficient condition for the 3-way balanced multi-level rotation design.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.103-115
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• 1998

Adhesion of composite resin to tooth structure has been of tremendous signgicance in clinical dentistry. Due to the lack of adhesion between composite restorative resins and enamel and dentin, microleakage occurs at the tooth/restoration interface. This may lead to discoloration, secondary caries, marginal breakdown, postoperative sensitivity, and even pulpal pathology. According to extensive use of composite resin, every effort on improving bonding strength and reducing microleakage between a tooth and composite resin has been continued. This study was conducted to determine the difference in microleakage in enamel and dentin treated with air-abrasion, acid etching and combination when restored with composite resin. Class V cavities were prepared on 30 premolars. The specimens were divided into following groups. group 1:air-abrasion+Scotchbond Multi-purpose group 4 :air-abrasion+All-Bond 2 group 2:acid etching+Scotchbond Multi-purpose group 5 :acid etching+All-Bond 2 group 3:combination+Scotchbond Multi-purpose group 6 :combination+All-Bond 2 #combination:air-abrasion + acid etching The specimens were filled with Z-100 after application of Scotchbond Multi-purpose and All-Bond 2. Thermocycling was conducted by alternately dipping the specimens in $5^{\circ}C$ and $55^{\circ}C$ water for 30 seconds 500 times. 1% methylene blue was applied and the specimens were left for 24 hours at $37^{\circ}C$. After washing out the dye, the tooth was sectioned buccolingually along the axis. The sectioned surface was observed with stereoscope for dye penetration. The author has measured the microleakage in teeth prepared with air-abrasion, acid ethching and combination to study the difference in microleakage following different methods of tooth surface treatment and has come to following results. 1. In comparing microleakage between groups, group 1 and 4 showed statistically significant difference from group 2, 3, 5 and 6(p<0.05). There was no significant difference among group 2, 3, 5, 6(p>0.05) nor between group 1 and 4(p>0.05). 2. In comparing microleakage among tooth surface treatment methods, Air-abrasion group showed significantly more microleakage than acid etching group and combination(airabrasion + acid etching) group(p<0.05). Combination(acid etching+air-abrasion)group tended to show lesser microleakage than acid etching group, but this was not statistically significant(p>0.05). 3. In comparing microleakage between bonding agents, there was no statistically significant difference between Scotch bond Multi-purpose and All-Bond 2(p>0.05).

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was done to examine the effect of a multi-component cessation program on bone union by comparing the union time between the experimental group and the control group. Methods: A non-equivalent control group posttest design was used. The subjects were 33 patients in the experimental group and 33 patients in the control group, 66 patients in total. The subjects of the experimental group were provided with a face-to-face multi-component smoking cessation program. After the discharge, telephone consultation was provided once a week for 10 weeks. Results: Bone union time was 51.6±10.9 days in the experimental group and 60.9±13.83 days in the control group (p=.003). Among 33 subjects who participated in the smoking cessation program, the average union period of the participants who succeeded in quitting smoking was 44.56 days, the participants who reduced smoking were 50.67 days, and failed to quit smoking group was 60.11 days (p=.006). Conclusion: This study indicated the importance of smoking cessation in patients with fracture and the decrease in the union time by providing smoking cessation education. If the multi-component smoking cessation program is used as a nursing intervention in clinical practice, it will be effective for bone union by increasing the smoking cessation rate of patients with fracture.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.186-191
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• 2018

Smart textile industries have been precipitously developed and extended to electronic textiles and wearable devices in recent years. In particular, owing to an increasingly aging society, the elderly healthcare field has been highlighted in the smart device industries, and pressure sensors can be utilized in various elderly healthcare products such as flooring, mattress, and vital-sign measuring devices. Furthermore, elderly healthcare products need to be more lightweight and flexible. To fulfill those needs, textile-based pressure sensors is considered to be an attractive solution. In this research, to apply a textile to the second layer using a pressure sensing device, a novel type of conductive textile was fabricated using vapor phase polymerization of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). Vapor phase polymerization is suitable for preparing the conductive textile because the reaction can be controlled simply under various conditions and does not need high-temperature processing. The morphology of the obtained PEDOT-conductive textile was observed through the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). Moreover, the resistance was measured using an ohmmeter and was confirmed to be adjustable to various resistance ranges depending on the concentration of the oxidant solution and polymerization conditions. A 3-layer 81-point multi-pressure sensor was fabricated using the PEDOT-conductive textile prepared herein. A 3D-viewer program was developed to evaluate the sensitivity and multi-pressure recognition of the textile-based multi-pressure sensor. Finally, we confirmed the possibility that PEDOT-conductive textiles could be utilized by pressure sensors.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.11 no.4 s.33
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• pp.458-470
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• 2006

This paper describes issues and consideration on authoring of interactive multi-view visual content based on MPEG-4. The issues include types of multi-view visual content; scene composition for rendering; functionalities for user-interaction; and multi-view visual content file format. The MPEG-4 standard, which aims to provide an object based audiovisual coding tool, has been developed to address the emerging needs from communications, interactive broadcasting as well as from mixed service models resulting from technological convergence. Due to the feature of object based coding, the use of MPEG-4 can resolve the format diversity problem of multi-view visual contents while providing high interactivity to users. Throughout this paper, we will present which issues need to be determined and how they can be realized by means of MPEG-4 Systems.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.1974-1987
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• 2023

The load-following operation of small modular reactors (SMRs) requires accurate prediction of transient behaviors that can occur in the balance of plants (BOP) and the nuclear steam supply system (NSSS). However, 1-D thermal-hydraulics analysis codes developed for safety and performance analysis have conventionally excluded the BOP from the simulation by assuming ideal boundary conditions for the main steam and feed water (MS/FW) systems, i.e., an open loop. In this study, we introduced a lumped model of BOP fluid system and coupled it with NSSS without any ideal boundary conditions, i.e., in a closed loop. Various methods for coupling boundary conditions at MS/FW were tested to validate their combination in terms of minimizing numerical instability, which mainly arises from the coupled boundaries. The method exhibiting the best performance was selected and applied to a transient simulation of an integrated NSSS and BOP system of a SMART. For a transient event with core power change of 100-20-100%, the simulation exhibited numerical stability throughout the system without any significant perturbation of thermal-hydraulic parameters. Thus, the introduced boundary-condition coupling method and BOP fluid system model can expectedly be employed for the transient simulation and performance analysis of SMRs requiring daily load-following operations.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.21-26
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• 2008

Recently, small and medium-sized buildings have employed a multi-heat pump. The major benefits of the multi-heat pump over a conventional system are that it is easier system to maintain along with a diversification of facility use, and high comfortability. The performance of multi-heat pump systems can be enhanced by using geothermal energy instead of air source energy. This paper describes the multi-heat pumps applied in an ground source heat pump system for an actual building. The performance of a ground source multi-heat pump installed in the field was investigated in cooling mode. The maximum COP of the systems with single U-tube and double tube ground loop heat exchangers were 6.6 and 6.0, respectively. It is suggested that the new algorithms to control the flow rate of secondary fluid for ground loop heat exchanger have to be developed in order to enhance the performance of the system.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.59-70
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• 2005

The purpose of this research is to identify the impact of trust on user acceptance of mobile banking and to identify if causalities among these factors are different between Internet and mobile banking. To test this model, this research applies the technology acceptance model(TAM) that incorporates trust. Additionally, this research use structural equation modeling to test the model and examine cross-group differences using a multi-group comparison method. The empirical results indicate that all path is significant expect the path from trust to intention to use. The results of a multi-group comparison test indicated that the path from trust to attitude, from trust to intention to use, from perceived usefulness to attitude and from perceived to intention to use are different between Internet and mobile banking.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.250-258
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• 2002

This Paper is to apply the well-established coarse mesh finite difference(CMFD) method to the method of characteristics(MOC) transport calculation as an acceleration scheme. The CMFD problem is first formulated at the pin-cell level with the multi-group structure To solve the cell- based multi-group CMFD problem efficiently, a two-group CMFD formulation is also derived from the multi-group CMFD formulation. The performance of the CMFD acceleration is examined for three test problems with different sizes including a realistic quarter core PWR problem. The CMFD formulation provides a significant reduction in the number of ray tracings and thus only about 9 ray tracing iterations are enough for the realistic problem. In computing time, the CMFD accelerated case is about two or three times faster than the coarse-mesh rebalancing(CMR) accelerated case.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.192-200
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• 2023

Objective: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a balance training program in improving balance and functional independence to reduce fall risks among community-dwelling elders. Design: A multi-center randomized controlled trial Methods: A total of 66participants were randomly assigned to a balance training group or a control group. The balance training program, conducted three times a week for 32 weeks, included warm-up exercises, main balance training exercises, and cooldown stretch exercises. Outcome measures included the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT), and Modified Barthel Index (MBI). Results: The balance training group demonstrated significant improvements in all outcome measures, indicating enhanced balance, improved functional mobility, and increased independence in activities of daily living. In contrast, the control group showed only slight improvements in BBS, TUGT and MBI scores. Conclusions: These findings provide evidence supporting the effectiveness of balance training programs in reducing fall risk and promoting health and wellbeing among community-dwelling elders. Future research should aim to refine the design of these programs and assess the sustainability of the observed improvements.