• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.9
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• pp.107-115
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• 2013

Smart appliances with multi-media and telecommunication equipments provide users complicated convenience functions. On the contrary, 8-bit controller-based low performance electronics still cannot afford such multimedia and telecommunication. If we find a way to have low-end electronics connected and provide complicated functions, they can be also made "smart". Fortunately, 8-bit controllers used in low-end appliances have UART, which can be connected to any of BlueTooth, Wi-Fi and ZigBee communication modules which can, in turn, communicate with smart devices. Any communication module can be attached to the low-end electronics due to the variety of smart devices' connectivity at the other side. Although the convenience functions seem complicated, they are actually macros in a script form composed of micro commands which implement the base functions of appliances. Since the kinds of the base functions are not that many, the low-end electronic appliances will become "smart" if their control program can be extended to execute sequentially the micro commands in any combination. Such simple innovation has not seen the world, until now due to the overhead of the additionally required hardware such as display devices and buttons. The high-quality display and touch screen functionalities of smart devices can replace the required hardware, and remove the overhead completely. In fact, the low-end appliances become smart as if an "evolution kit" is newly equipped.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.101-116
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• 2004

Korea has the highest traffic accident occurrence rate in the world. It means that we are forced to face a tremendous amount of economic loses and great cost of life. Even though this phenomenon consistently has arose as a public issue every year and many researchers have emphasized the importance of safety education as the fundamental solution, we are still trying to make a long-lasting and effective traffic safety education programs for children and adolescents. The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of web-based learning for traffic safety in Korea middle school. For this purpose, the instructive model was constructed based on the ASSURE model and a special web-site of education was developed on behalf of practical use of multi-media learning materials for the traffic safety. The research subject was represented by 259 students from second grade in 2 middle schools located in Seoul Korea. The traffic safety education program using web-site was preceded to the 136 students as a case group for 45 minutes total 3 times. Other 126 students are control group those who did not get with this program. The survey was conducted before and after the education. The results of this study were as follow: 1. The knowledge analysis from the comparison between before and after of the lesson showed case group and control group scored average at 11.25 points and 10.97 points. However, after they attended programs, case group scored 13.57 points and control group scored 10.85 points. The difference from the result of the case group was statistically significant(p<0.001). 2. The attitude analysis from the comparison between before and after of the lesson showed case group and control group scored averages at 29.59 points and 28.21 points. However, after they attended program, case group scored 37.23 points and control group scored 32.71 points. The difference from the result of the case group was statistically significant(p<0.05). 3. Regarding the domain analysis by means of web-based traffic safety education, only the case group had a statistically significant score in the case of knowledge 'safe utilization of bicycle' and 'The Characteristic of Automobile and Safer Mode of Walking for Pedestrian'(p<0.01, p< 0.001), and in the case of attitude 'safe walking and crossing' 'The Characteristic of Automobile and Safer Mode of Walking for Pedestrian'(p<0.01, p<0.001). 4. Web based instruction for traffic safety was effective in terms of improving students' knowledge and attitude for traffic safety.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.207-215
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• 2011

A signal passed through multi-path channel suffers ISI(Inter-Symbol Interference) and severe distortions caused by channel delay spread and noise components at the SC-FDE(Single Carrier with Frequency Domain Equalizer) transmission. Conventional UW(Unique-Word) based SC-FDE iterative channel estimation improves channel estimation performance by smoothing estimated CIR(Channel Impulse Response) of the noise components outside the channel length at time domain and restoring the broken cyclic property through UW reconstruction. In this paper, we propose channel estimation scheme through noise suppression within channel length. To suppress the noise, we estimate noise standard deviation as estimated CIR of the noise components outside the channel length and make criteria of the noise standard deviation gain that doesn't affect the original signal samples. When estimated CIR samples within channel length are less than the criteria value using the noise standard deviation and gain, the noise components are removed. Simulation results show that the proposed channel estimation scheme brings good channel MSE(Mean Square Error) and good BER(Bit Error Rate) performance.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.750-757
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• 2020

One of the basic tasks for robots to interact with humans is to quickly and accurately grasp human behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the accuracy of human pose recognition when the robot is estimating the human pose and to recognize it as quickly as possible. However, when the human pose is estimated using deep learning, which is a representative method of artificial intelligence technology, recognition accuracy and speed are not satisfied at the same time. Therefore, it is common to select one of a top-down method that has high inference accuracy or a bottom-up method that has high processing speed. In this paper, we propose two methods that complement the disadvantages while including both the advantages of the two methods mentioned above. The first is to perform parallel inference on the server using multi GPU, and the second is to mix bottom-up and One-class Classification. As a result of the experiment, both of the methods presented in this paper showed improvement in speed. If these two methods are applied to the entertainment robot, it is expected that a highly reliable interaction with the audience can be performed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.15-15
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• 1999

In chip plating, several parameters must be taken into consideration. Current density, solution concentration, pH, solution temperature, components volume, chip and media ratio, barrel geometrical shape were most likely found to have an effect to the process yields. The 3 types of barrels utilized in chip plating industry are the conventional rotating barrel. vibrational barrel (vibarrel), and the centrifugal type. Conventional rotating barrel is a close type and is commonly used. The components inside the barrel are circulated by the barrel's rotation at a horizontal axis. Process yield has known to have higher thickness deviation. The vibrational barrel is an open type which offers a wide exposure to electrolyte resulting to a stable thickness deviation. It rotates in a vertical axis coupled with multi-vibration action to facilitate mixed up and easy transportation of components, The centrifugal barrel has its plated work centrifugally compacted against the cathode ring for superior electrical contact with simultaneous rotary motion. This experiment has determined the effect of barrel vibration intensity to the plating thickness distribution. The procedures carried out in the experiment involved the overall plating process., cleaning, rinse, Nickel plating, Tin-Lead plating. Plating time was adjusted to meet the required specification. All other parameters were maintained constant. Two trials were performed to confirm the consistency of the result. The thickness data of the experiment conducted showed that the average mean value obtained from higher vibrational intensity is nearer to the standard mean. The distribution curve shown has a narrower specification limits and it has a reduced variation around the target value, Generally, intensity control in vi-barrel facilitates mixed up and easy transportation of components, However, it is desirable to maintain an optimum vibration intensity to prevent solution intrusion into the chips' internal electrode. A cathodic reaction can occur in the interface of the external and internal electrode. $2HD{\;}+{\;}e{\;}{\rightarrow}20H{\;}+{\;}H_2$ Hydrogen can penetrate into the body and create pressure which can cause cracks. At high intensity, the chip's motion becomes stronger, its contact between each other is delayed and so plating action is being controlled. However, the strong impact created by its collision can damage the external electrode's structure thereby resulting to bad plating condition. 1 lot of chip was divided into two equal partion. Each portion was loaded to the same barrel one after the other. Nickel plating and tin-lead plating was performed in the same station. Portion A maintained the normal barrel vibration intensity and portion B vibration intensity was increased two steps higher. All other parameters, current, solution condition were maintained constant. Generally, plating method find procedures were carried out in a best way to maintained the best plating condition. After plating, samples were taken out from each portion. molded and polished. Plating thickness was investigated for both. To check consistency of results. 2nd trial was done now using different lot of another characteristics.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.45-52
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• 2015

Purpose - Augmented reality (AR) content used in mobile media today can accommodate a wide variety of contextual information. This indicates that making people experience a sense of presence and flow is a very significant factor in augmented reality content. Flow represents a rich immersion potential as representing the progress of emotion and the means to facilitate the operation of the smart phone. Therefore, users will have friendly relational continuance behavior with products and brands that supply this experience. Based on that, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships among smart phone AR application traits, presence, flow experience, and relational continuance behavior. First, AR application traits are defined as three categories sensory immersion, navigation, and manipulation, based on preceding studies. This study then examines the influence of AR application traits on the presence and flow experience and looks into the relation among presence, flow experience, and relational continuance behavior. This analysis suggests more detailed and concentrated strategic implications. Research design, data, and methodology - A research model is designed to examine the relation among AR application traits, presence, flow experience, and relational continued behavior. For data collection, questionnaire surveys were composed of multi-items for each component and the direct interview method was used for the interviews. To collect the data, after running the smart phone AR applications, the consumer behaviors of the respondents were generally determined. The questionnaire surveys were conducted for one month, October 2014. A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed with 278 questionnaires used for analysis, excluding the unanswered and insincere questionnaires. The data were analyzed using SPSS ver. 20.0 and LISREL ver. 8.51. Results - The following results are found: First, AR application traits have a significantly positive effect on presence with sensory immersion, navigation, and manipulation all having a significantly positive effect. Second, sensory immersion and manipulation among the AR application traits have a significantly positive effect on flow. However, navigation did not have a significantly positive effect on flow. Third, presence has a significantly positive effect on flow and has a significantly positive effect on relational continuance behavior. Moreover, flow also has a significantly positive effect on relational continuance behavior. This behavior tends to be formed since brands want to encourage relational continuance behavior and positive emotions with the brands being used. Relational continuance behavior accompanies repeat purchasing, positive word-of-mouth and recommendation activities, and forms of trust with the brand. Conclusions - The research results showed that smart phone AR traits had significantly positive effect on presence, flow, and relational continuance behavior. Based on this, smart phone AR application providers should establish an aggressive marketing strategy to accommodate more realistic problems in order to positively influence user behavior. Additionally, the marketers should make efforts to provide fun or convenience in the AR application operation process of the user.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.49
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• pp.677-696
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• 2017

Cartoons and consequently animation are an effective way of visualizing futuristic scenarios. Here we look at how animation is becoming ubiquitous and an integral part of this future today: the cybernetic and mediated society that we are being transformed into. Animation therefore becomes a form of speech between humans and this networked reality, either as an interface or as representation that gives temporal form to objects. Animation or specifically animated films usually are associated with character based short and feature films, fiction or nonfiction. However animation is not constricted to traditional cinematic formats and language, the same way that design and communication have become treated as separate fields, however according to $Vil{\acute{e}}m$ Flusser they aren't. The same premise can be applied to animation in a networked culture: Animation has become an intrinsic to design processes and products - as in motion graphics, interface design and three-dimensional visualization. Video-games, virtual reality, map based apps and social networks constitute layers of an expanded universe that embodies our network based culture. They are products of design and media disciplines that are increasingly relying on animation as a universal language suited to multi-cultural interactions carried in digital ambients. In this sense animation becomes a discourse, the same way as Roland Barthes describes myth as a type of speech. With the objective of exploring the role of animation as a design tool, the proposed research intends to develop transmedia creative visual strategies using animation both as narrative and as an user interface.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.17-20
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• 2004

가정 내에 방송과 총신을 통합하여 제공하기 위한 방법으로서 수동광가입자망(Passive Optical Network)이 제안되고 있다 이를 구현하기 위해 여러 방식들이 연구되고 있는데 크게는 방송과 통신에 각기 다른 파장을 이용하는 방식과, 이들을 시간 다중화 하여 한 개의 과장으로 송신하는 방식으로 나눌 수 있다. 또한 동신에 이용하는 과장의 경우 각 가입자에게 다른 파장을 적용하는 WPON 방식과 모든 가입자에게 한 개의 파장만을 이용하되 시간영역에서 다중화하고 이터넷 프로토콜을 적용하는 EPON 방식으로 구분할 수 있다. WPON의 경우 EPON에 비해 수월하게 광대역 서비스를 할 수 있는 장점이 있으나, 각 가입자 과장의 제어 및 관리가 복잡하며, 고비용을 요구한다. 반면 EPON의 경우 채널의 효율성은 극대화할 수 있으나, 동시 이용자가 많을 경우 전송 속도가 하락한다. 한편, 방송과 통신을 통합한 채널의 특성을 살펴보면 가입자 방향으로의 하향 신호의 양이 중양국 방향으로의 상향 신호의 양에 비해 훨씬 많은 비대칭 구조이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이러한 채널 특성에 맞도록 하향 전송에는 WPON의 구조를 이용하고, 상향 전송에는 EPON의 구조를 적용하는 새로운 구조의 광가입자망을 제안하였다. 제안된 구조에 적합한 MPCP (Multi-Point Control Protocol) 프로토콜을 제시하고, 가입자 장치의 여러 종속 신호를 다중화하고 전송할 수 있는 ONU (Optical Network Unit)의 구조를 제안하였다. 또한 이러한 구조를 갖는 W-EPON 테스트베드를 구현하고 전송 시험을 통해 제시된 구조의 적합성을 측정한 결과를 보인다.4 Textual format) 파일을 생성한다. 또한, 콘텐츠 전송 및 저장의 효율성을 위해 이진 포멧인 IPMP화된 MP4 파일을 생성할 수 있다.으로써, 에러 이미지가 가지고 있는 엔트로피에 좀 근접하게 코딩을 할 수 있게 되었다. 이 방법은 실제로 Arithmetic Coder를 이용하는 다른 압축 방법에 그리고 적용할 수 있다. 실험 결과 압축효율은 JPEG-LS보다 약 $5\%$의 압축 성능 개선이 있었으며, CALIC과는 대등한 압축률을 보이며, 부호화/복호화 속도는 CALIC보다 우수한 것으로 나타났다.우 $23.87\%$($18.00\~30.91\%$), 갑폭 $23.99\%$($17.82\~30.48\%$), 체중 $91.51\%$($58.86\~129.14\%$)이였으며 성장율은 사육 온도구간별 차는 없었다.20 km 까지의 지점들(지점 2에서 지점 6)에서 매우 높은 값을 보이며 이는 조석작용으로 해수와 담수가 강제혼합되면서 표층퇴적물이 재부유하기 때문이라고 판단된다. 영양염류는 월별로 다소의 차이는 있으나, 대체적으로 지점 1과 2에서 가장 낮고, 상류로 갈수록 점차 증가하며 지점 7 상류역이 하류역에 비해 높은 농도이다. 월별로는 7월에 규산염, 용존무기태질소 및 암모니아의 농도가 가장 높은 반면에 용존산소포화도는 가장 낮다. 그러나 지점 14 상류역에서는 5월에 측정한 용존무기태질소, 암모니아, 인산염 및 COD 값이 7월보다 다소 높거나 비슷하다. 한편 영양염류와 COD값은 대체적으로 8월에 가장 낮으나

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.125-147
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• 2011

Recently, with a high demand for the construction and remodeling of libraries, and the rapid increase in the number of libraries during the last two years, the concern and need for library goods is also increasing sharply. The purpose of this study is to develop a new classification scheme of library goods by clarifying the terminology which could provide an accurate information on library goods and allow for their smooth circulation. In this study, library goods are defined as all kinds of products required for effectively collecting, organizing and providing services with library materials, and classified into library equipments and library supplies. The term, library equipment is principally used for those things that do not wear out within a certain time period, such as furniture and machinery. Library supplies refer to those things that are expendable. As the terminology is clarified, the classification scheme can be further refined. Library equipment, for example, can be classified as furniture, library system solutions, and computers and multi-media tools. Library supplies can be classified into library organization and repair supplies, sign systems, and miscellaneous articles. Finally, six major categories which include 117 different items are presented.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.659-667
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• 2005

A Mobile Ad Hoc Network(MANET) is a multi hop wireless network with no prepared base stations or centralized administrations, where flocks of peer systems gather and compose a network. Each node operates as a normal end system in public networks. In addition to it, a MANET node is required to work as a router to forward traffic from a source or intermediate node to others. Each node operates as a normal end system in public networks, and further a MANET node work as a router to forward traffic from a source or intermediate node to the next node via routing path. Applications of MANET are extensively wide, such as battle field or any unwired place; however, these are exposed to critical problems related to network management, node's capability, and security because of frequent and dynamic changes in network topology, absence of centralized controls, restricted usage on network resources, and vulnerability oi mobile nodes which results from the special MANET's character, shared wireless media. These problems induce MANET to be weak from security attacks from eavesdropping to DoS. To guarantee secure authentication is the main part of security service In MANET because networks without secure authentication are exposed to exterior attacks. In this paper, a multistage authentication strategy based on CGSR is proposed to guarantee that only genuine and veritable nodes participate in communications. The proposed authentication model is composed of key manager, cluster head and common nodes. The cluster head is elected from secure nodes, and key manager is elected from cluster heads. The cluster head will verify other common nodes within its cluster range in MANET. Especially, ID of each node is used on communication, which allows digital signature and blocks non repudiation. For performance evaluation, attacks against node authentication are analyzed. Based on security parameters, strategies to resolve these attacks are drawn up.