• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.15
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• pp.6267-6272
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• 2015

Background: Extra nodal lymphoma (ENL) constitutes about 33 % of all non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 18-28% develops in the head and neck region. A multimodality treatment with multi-agent chemotherapy (CT) and radiotherapy (RT) is considered optimum. Materials and Methods: We retrieved the treatment charts of patients of HNENL treated in our institute from 2001-2012. The charts were reviewed and the demographic, treatment details and outcome of HNENL patients were retrieved using predesigned pro-forma. Results: We retrieved data of 75consecutive patients HNENL. Median age was 47years (Range: 8-76 years). Of the 75 patients 51 were male and 24 were female. 55patients were evaluable. The patient and tumor characteristics are summarized in Table 1. All patients were staged comprehensively with contrast enhanced computed tomography of head, neck, thorax, abdomen, pelvis and bone marrow aspiration and biopsy 66 patients received a combination multi-agent CT with CHOP being the commonest regimen. 42 patients received 4 or lesser number of cycles of chemotherapy whereas 24received more than 4 cycles chemotherapy. Post radiotherapy, 41 out of 42 patients had a complete response at 3 months. Only 21patients had a complete response after chemotherapy. All patients received radiation (mostly involved field radiation) as a part of the treatment. The median radiation dose was 45 Gray (Range: 36 Gray-50 Gray). The radiation was planned by 2D fluoro simulation based technique in 37cases and by 3 Dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) in 36 cases. Two patients were planned by the intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) technique. IMRT was planned for one thyroid and one nasal cavity primary. 5 patients experienced relapse after a median follow up of 19 months. The median survival was not reached. The estimated two and three year survival were 92.9% (95%CI- 68.6- 95.35) and 88% (95%CI- 60.82 - 92.66) respectively. Univariate analysis revealed higher stage and poorer baseline performance status to be significantly associated with worse progression free survival. 5 patients progressed (relapse or primary disease progression) after treatment. Of the 5 patients, two patients were primary orbital NHL, two patients had NHL nasal cavity and one was NHL thyroid. Conclusions: Combined modality treatment in HNENL confers excellent disease control with acceptable side effects.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.618-629
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• 1998

CAD/CAM-fabricated ceramic restorations nowadays are used as alternatives of amlagam and posterior composite resin restorations, especially in the cases of inlay restorations. But the reported results on marginal and internal fit of CAD/CAM-fabricated ceramic inlay have showed considerable difference. In this study, to evaluate the marginal and internal fit of CEREC2-fabricated ceramic inlay restoration and to compare with the fit of gold inlay and amalgam restoration, standardized Class II MO cavities were prepared in forty extracted caries-free human premolars. The teeth with prepared cavities were divided into 4 groups of ten teeth each. In group 1, CEREC2-fabricated ceramic inlays were treated with Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus(SMP plus) and cemented with Scotchbond Resin Cement. In group 2, casted gold inlays were cemented in the same method as in group 1. In group 3, casted gold inlays were cemented with zinc-phosphate cement. And in group 4, the prepared cavities were restored with amalgam. Restored teeth were thermocycled, stored in 1% methylene blue for 24 hours, and sectioned faciolingually and mesiodistally using EXAKT. Sectioned surfaces were observed with stereomicroscope and the gaps were measured at 9 points of mesiodistally sectioned surface and 7 points of faciolingually sectioned surface. The measured data were treated by Kruskal-Wallis one way ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls test. 1. The differences among measured gaps at each points were statistically significant for 4 experimental groups (P<0.05). 2. There were statistically significant differences in the measured gaps at each points between group 1 and group 2, group 1 and group 3, group 1 and group 4, group 2 and group 4, and group 3 and group 4 (P<0.05). 3. There were not statistically significant differences in the measured gaps at each points between group 2 and group 3 (P>0.05). 4. In the cases of inlay restorations(group 1, group 2, group 3), the gaps at internal line angle(distopulpal, axiogingival, faciopulpal, linguopulpal line angle) had a tendency to increase. In the cases of amalgam restorations(group 4), the gaps at occlusal margin, gingival margin and axiogingival line angle were greater than those at the other parts of cavities. 5. In CEREC2-fabricated ceramic inlays which were treated with Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus and cemented with Scotchbond Resin Cement, the mean gaps were $111{\mu}m$ at cavity margins, $168{\mu}m$ at vertical walls of cavities, $225{\mu}m$ at internal line angles and $123{\mu}m$ at cavity floors.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2014

An external cavity laser supporting two wavelengths is demonstrated by incorporating polymer waveguide Bragg reflectors and a superluminescent light-emitting diode. An oversized rib waveguide structure and Bragg gratings are designed by using the effective-index and transmission-matrix methods. Bragg gratings with different periods are inscribed on a polymer waveguide through double-exposure laser interferometry. In order to tune the cavity loss affected by the reflectivity of Bragg gratings, a Bragg reflectors with varying length is incorporated. Two-wavelength-mode lasing is achieved for the device consisting of 2-mm long, 537-nm period gratings and 2.2-mm long, 540-nm period gratings; the lasing wavelengths are 1554 nm and 1564 nm, with an output power close to 0 dBm, a 20-dB bandwidth of 0.2 nm, and a side-mode suppression ratio of 45 dB.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.160-165
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• 2004

Successful treatment of multi-loculated pleural effusion or thoracic empyema requires effective drainage and definitive diagnosis of causative organism. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of the video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in the management of thoracic empyema or multi-loculated pleural effusion after chest tube drainage treatment had failed. Material and Method: Between April 2000 and July 2002, 20 patients with thoracic empyema or multi-loculated pleural effusion that failed to chest tube drainage or other procedures who underwent an operation. All patients were assessed by chest-computed tomogram and underwent video assisted thoracoscopic drainage, debridement, biopsy and irrigation of pleural cavity. Result: In 18 cases (90%), underwent successful video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. In 2 cases, decortications by mini-thoracotomy were necessary. The ratio of sex was 4 : 1 (16 male: 4 female), mean age was 48.9 years old (range, 17∼72 years), mean duration of postoperative chest tube placement was 8.2 days (range, 4∼22 days), mean postoperative hospital stay was 15.2 days (range, 7∼33 days). Causative disease was tuberculosis, pneumonia, trauma and metastatic breast cancer, There were no major postoperative complications. Symptoms improved in all patients and were discharged with OPD follow up. Conclusion: In an early organizing phase of empyema or multi loculated pleural effusion, video-assisted thoracoscopic drainage and debridement are safe and suitable treatment.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 2000

Objective : A few anecdotal cases of mesenchyme-derived tumors which grow into a cranial cavity have been reported that disclosed a dismal prognosis, due to their critical location, aggressive biological behavior, and high rate of surgical morbidity. The aim of this study is to search clinical factors related to these tumors. Methods : Eight patients who underwent surgical removal of intracranial mesenchymal tumors between January 1993 and December 1997 were studied retrospectively. The tumors included are three chordomas, two chondrosarcomas, two rhabdomyosarcomas, and one hemangiopericytoma. Authors compared clinical features, treatment, and results of our cases with reported cases. The mean follow-up period was 20.5 months. Results : All cases showed nonspecific, location-related clinical findings and arose from sphenopetroclival region. Single stage operation was performed in 4 cases, and skull base approaches in 3 cases. Adjuvant therapies were done in 2 cases. Recurrence was seen in 3 cases(37.5%), and 3 patients died. Interdisciplinary approach with otologic surgeon was done in 2 cases. Conclusion : Recent advancement of refined tactics has made these tumors amenable and provides prolongation of progression-free survival. These are modified skull base approaches, multi-modality treatment options, and inter-disciplinary team approaches. Good results may be expected for these mesenchymal tumors by aggressive resection and adjuvant therapies according to their biological nature.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.38-47
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• 2005

Substructuring methods are often used in finite element structural analyses. In this study a multi-level substructuring(MLSS) algorithm is developed and proposed as a possible candidate for finite element fluid solvers. The present algorithm consists of four stages such as a gathering, a condensing, a solving and a scattering stage. At each level, a predetermined number of elements are gathered and condensed to form an element of higher level. At the highest level, each sub-domain consists of only one super-element. Thus, the inversion process of a stiffness matrix associated with internal degrees of freedom of each sub-domain has been replaced by a sequential static condensation of gathered element matrices. The global algebraic system arising from the assembly of each sub-domain matrices is solved using a well-known iterative solver such as the conjugare gradient(CG) or the conjugate gradient squared(CGS) method. A time comparison with CG has been performed on a 2-D Poisson problem. With one domain the computing time by MLSS is comparable with that by CG up to about 260,000 d.o.f. For 263,169 d.o.f using 8 x 8 sub-domains, the time by MLSS is reduced to a value less than $30\%$ of that by CG. The lid-driven cavity problem has been solved for Re = 3200 using the element interpolation degree(Deg.) up to cubic. in this case, preconditioning techniques usually accompanied by iterative solvers are not needed. Finite element formulation for the incompressible flow has been stabilized by a modified residual procedure proposed by Ilinca et al.[9].

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.702-709
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• 1997

To compare the marginal leakage of CAD/CAM-fabricated ceramic inlay, gold inlay and amalgam, forty extracted caries-free premolars were prepared with Class II MO cavity design. The teeth were divided into four groups of ten samples each. Group 1 was restored with CAD/CAM-fabricated ceramic inlays cemented with Scotchbond Resin Cement / Scotchbond Multi-purpose plus. Group 2 was restored with gold inlays cemented with Scotchbond Resin Cement / Scotchbond Multi-purpose plus. Group 3 was restored with gold inlays cemented with zinc phosphate cement. And, Group 4 was restored with amalgam. All samples were thermocycled, and stored in 1 % methylene blue. Marginal leakage was examined at four margins, that is, occlusal distal, priximal gingival, occlusal facial and occlusal lingual margins from sectioned samples under stereomicroscope(x15). The results were as follows : 1. Group 1 and 2 showed no statistically significant difference among marginal leakage at all four examined margins(p>0.05). 2. Group 3 and 4 showed significant marginal leakage at proximal gingival margin compared with other margins(p<0.05). 3. Significantly increased marginal leakage at priximal gingival, occlusal facial and occlusal lingual margins in group 3 were observed compared with other groups (p<0.05).

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2000

We have numerically solved rate-equations of semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) to understand the characteristics of SOA. The rate-equations we have used can describe injection carrier density, amplified spontaneous emission and signal photon density in spatial and time domain by dividing the cavity into multi-section. We have investigated injection carrier density, amplified spontaneous emission and signal photon density as a function of position and time in the case of single channel input in the form of square pulse. Also we have analyzed the non-linear phenomena of SOA in the case of injecting multi-channel wavelengths as in WDM. Intermodulation distortion (IMD) caused by beat among channels has significant effects on the signal distortion as the channel spacing becomes narrower, and channel crosstalk becomes larger as the power of signals increases. In the case of the injection of another CW laser whose wavelength is far enough from the signal wavelengths, the crosstalk and the output signal distortion can be significantly reduced. duced.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.55-66
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microleakage of 5 current dentin bonding systems which are composed of 2 multi-bottle systems(Scotchbond Multi-Purpose, All Bond2) and 3 one-bottle systems(Single bond, One-Step, Prime & Bond). In this in vitro study, class V cavities were prepared on buccal and lingual surfaces of sixty extracted human premolars and molars on cementum margin. The experimental teeth were randomly divided into six groups of 10 samples (20 surfaces) each, Group 1 : Scotchbond Multi-Purpose ; Group 2 : All Bond 2 ; Group 3 : Single Bond ; Group 4 : One-Step ; Group 5 : Prime & Bond ; Group 6 : no bonding agent(control). The bonding agent and composite resin were applied for each group following the manufacturer's instructions. After 500 thermocycling between $5^{\circ}C$ and $55^{\circ}C$, the 60 teeth were placed in 2% Methylene blue dye for 24 hours, then rinsed with tab water. The specimen were embedded in clear resin, then sectioned buccolingually through the center of restoration with a low speed diamond saw. The dye penetration on each of the specimen were then observed with a stereomicroscope at ${\times}20$. The results of study were statistically analyzed using the Student-Newmann-Keul's Methods and the Mann-Whitney Rank Sum Test. The resin/dentin interfaces were examined under Scanning Electron Microscopy. The results of this study were as follows. 1. None of the dentin bonding systems used in this study showed significant difference in leakage values at both the enamel and the dentin margins (P>0.05). 2. In all groups except the control, leakage value seen at the enamel margin was significantly lower than that seen at the dentin margin (P<0.05). 3. Compared to the control group, all the groups treated with dentin bonding systems showed significantly lower leakage value at both enamel and dentin margins (P<0.05). 4. In the SEM view, gaps were observed in the composite resin / dentin interface in group 6 where no dentin bonding agent was used, and in all the other groups (group 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) composite resin, hybrid layer, and dentin were seen to be closely adhering to each other where there were no leakages. Well-developed resin tags 3~100${\mu}m$ in length infiltrated dentinal tubules past the hybrid layer and a hybrid layer 1~5${\mu}m$ thick had developed between the dentinal surface and the composite resin surface.

• KIEE International Transactions on Electrophysics and Applications
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• v.4C no.4
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• pp.137-141
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• 2004

In this paper, a thermopneumatic PMDS (polydimethlysiloxane) micropump with nozzle/diffuser elements is presented. The micropump is composed of nozzle/diffuser elements as dynamic valves, an actuator consisting of a circular PDMS diaphragm and a Cr/Au heater on a glass substrate. Four PDMS layers are used for fabrication of an actuator chamber, actuator diaphragm by a spin coating process, spacer layer, and nozzle/diffuser by the SU-8 molding process. The radius and thickness of the actuator diaphragm is 2 mm and 30 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, respectively. The length and the conical angle of the nozzle/diffuser elements are 3.5 mm and 20$^{\circ}$, respectively. The actuator diaphragm is driven by the air cavity pressure variation caused by ohmic heating and natural cooling. The flow rate of the micropump in the frequency domain is measured for various duty cycles of the square wave input voltage. When the square wave input voltage of 5 V DC is applied to the heater, the maximum flow rate of the micropump is 44.6 ${mu}ell$/min at 100 Hz with a duty ratio of 80% under the zero pressure difference.