• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.495-503
• /
• 2011

The most widely used data mining technique is to find association rules. Association rule mining is the method to quantify the relationship between each set of items in very huge database based on the association thresholds. There are some basic association thresholds to explore meaningful association rules ; support, confidence, lift, etc. Among them, confidence is the most frequently used, but it has the drawback that it can not determine the direction of the association. The net confidence and the attributably pure confidence were developed to compensate for this drawback, but they have other drawbacks.In this paper we consider some predictive similarity measures for binary data in cluster analysis and multi-dimensional analysis as association threshold to compensate for these drawbacks. The comparative studies with net confidence, attributably pure confidence, and some predictive similarity measures are shown by numerical example.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.38 no.5
• /
• pp.571-576
• /
• 2005

Cytokines are proteins produced by many different cells of the immune system and play a significant role in initiating and regulating the inflammatory process. In this research, an important cytokine, interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene, has been identified and characterized from zebrafish (Danio rerio) genome database. Zebrafish IL-10 is located within a 2690 bp fragment and contains five exons and four introns, sharing the same organization with mammalian IL-10 genes. An open reading frame of 543 bp was found to encode a putative 180 amino acid protein with a signal peptide of 22 amino acids, which shares 29.7-80.9% homology with amino acid sequences of other known IL-10. The signature motif of IL-10 is also conserved in zebrafish IL-10. The predicted transcript was finally confirmed by sequencing of cDNA clones. Multi-tissue reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) was performed to examine the tissue distribution and expression regulation of this gene in seven organs of normal and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation zebrafish. The results demonstrated that this gene was expressed slightly in normal kidney, gill and gut, no expression was detected in other four tissues. The expression was clearly upregulated after LPS stimulation. Using the ideal zebrafish model, further study of IL-10 characterization and function may provide insight on the understanding of the innate immune system.

• International Journal of Contents
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.13-18
• /
• 2011

Oriental medicine statistics are essential in research planning, research evaluation, and policy decision based on objective data. However, integrated administration of such statistics is not presently possible in the oriental medicine field, which has been slow in incorporating information communication technology. In an effort to address this problem, the Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM) developed an oriental medicine statistical system in 2009, and the system has been offered in the traditional medicine information portal of OASIS. However, according to a 2010 survey targeting OASIS users, those surveys reported that needs for a system where various statistical data can be extracted via an interactive approach to multidimensional data. As a result of an analysis of the functions of the existing system, it was found that it is necessary to array and arithmetically analyze Stats Value, Drill Up & Drill Down, and Pivot. To this end, the existing DB schema should be redesigned. Based on our analysis result, we redesigned the database into a structure that is applicable to the reverse pivot algorithm. We used J2EE/JSP and a Flex framework to design and develop an oriental medicine statistical system that can provide multidimensional statistical data. Considering that the improved oriental medicine statistical system is planned to be offered by OASIS of KIOM, utilization and value of oriental medicine statistical data are expected to be enhanced.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.10 no.11
• /
• pp.403-413
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study is to summarize study trend and achievements of recreation specialization, introduced to Korea in 1996 and recently started to be discussed a lot, and to state the problems and future development. Data related to recreation specialization were collected by using the database of KISS and RISS and 34 studies were utilized for the analysis. The studies were classified into six types; type I-introduction and proposal, type T-study tendency of recreation specialization in foreign countries, type U-quantitative studies using uni-dimensional approach to recreation specialization, type M-quantitative studies using multi-dimensional approach to recreation specialization, type Q-qualitative studies, and type S-variable relations using SEM. One of the problems found in the studies is that recreation specialization is still analyzed by using uni-dimensional approach to recreation specialization. Second, measures directly translated from foreign studies need to be verified the validity. In addition, domestic studies tend to simply follow foreign studies. Lastly, the studies lack variety(diversity) of research methods and researchers. The authors of this study argue that researchers must develop measures appropriate to Korean culture and diversify the research subjects and study methods.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.31 no.1 s.256
• /
• pp.26-35
• /
• 2007

The vehicle of urban transit is a complex system that consists of various electric, electronic, and mechanical equipments, and the maintenance cost of this complex and large-scale system generally occupies sixty percent of the LCC (Life Cycle Cost). For reasonable establishing of maintenance strategies, safety security and cost limitation must be considered at the same time. The concept of system reliability has been introduced and optimized as the key of reasonable maintenance strategies. For optimization, three preceding studies were accomplished; standardizing a maintenance classification, constructing RBD (Reliability Block Diagram) of VVVF (Variable Voltage Variable Frequency) urban transit, and developing a web based reliability evaluation system. Historical maintenance data in terms of reliability index can be derived from the web based reliability evaluation system. In this paper, we propose applying inverse problem analysis method and hybrid neuro-genetic algorithm to system reliability optimization for using historical maintenance data in database of web based system. Feed-forward multi-layer neural networks trained by back propagation are used to find out the relationship between several component reliability (input) and system reliability (output) of structural system. The inverse problem can be formulated by using neural network. One of the neural network training algorithms, the back propagation algorithm, can attain stable and quick convergence during training process. Genetic algorithm is used to find the minimum square error.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.57 no.4
• /
• pp.657-680
• /
• 2016

Reinforced concrete (RC) deep beams are structural members that predominantly fail in shear. Therefore, determining the shear strength of these types of beams is very important. The strut-and-tie method is commonly used to design deep beams, and this method has been adopted in many building codes (ACI318-14, Eurocode 2-2004, CSA A23.3-2004). In this study, the efficiency of artificial neural networks (ANNs) in predicting the shear strength of RC deep beams is investigated as a different approach to the strut-and-tie method. An ANN model was developed using experimental data for 214 normal and high-strength concrete deep beams from an existing literature database. Seven different input parameters affecting the shear strength of the RC deep beams were selected to create the ANN structure. Each parameter was arranged as an input vector and a corresponding output vector that includes the shear strength of the RC deep beam. The ANN model was trained and tested using a multi-layered back-propagation method. The most convenient ANN algorithm was determined as trainGDX. Additionally, the results in the existing literature and the accuracy of the strut-and-tie model in ACI318-14 in predicting the shear strength of the RC deep beams were investigated using the same test data. The study shows that the ANN model provides acceptable predictions of the ultimate shear strength of RC deep beams (maximum $R^2{\approx}0.97$). Additionally, the ANN model is shown to provide more accurate predictions of the shear capacity than all the other computed methods in this study. The ACI318-14-STM method was very conservative, as expected. Moreover, the study shows that the proposed ANN model predicts the shear strengths of RC deep beams better than does the strut-and-tie model approaches.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.85-98
• /
• 2010

The prevailing infrastructure of ubiquitous computing paradigm on the one hand making significant development for integrating technology in the daily life but on the other hand raising concerns for privacy and confidentiality. This research presents a new privacy-preserving spatio-temporal query processing technique, in which location based services (LBS) can be serviced without revealing specific locations of private users. Existing location cloaking techniques are based on a grid-based structures such as a Quad-tree and a multi-layered grid. Grid-based approaches can suffer a deterioration of the quality in query results since they are based on pre-defined size of grids which cannot be adapted for variations of data distributions. Instead of using a grid, we propose a location-cloaking algorithm which uses the R-tree, a widely adopted spatio-temporal index structure. The proposed algorithm uses the MBRs of leaf nodes as the cloaked locations of users, since each leaf node guarantees having not less than a certain number of objects. Experimental results show the superiority of the proposed method.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.68-80
• /
• 2016

This study proposes the traffic prediction and optimal traffic control system based on cell transmission model and genetic algorithm in cloud environment. The proposed prediction and control system consists of four parts. 1) Data preprocessing module detects and imputes the corrupted data and missing data points. 2) Data-driven traffic prediction module predicts the future traffic state using Multi-level K-Nearest Neighbor (MK-NN) Algorithm with stored historical data in SQL database. 3) Online traffic simulation module simulates the future traffic state in various situations including accident, road work, and extreme weather condition with predicted traffic data by MK-NN. 4) Optimal road control module produces the control strategy for large road network with cell transmission model and genetic algorithm. The results show that proposed system can effectively reduce the Vehicle Hours Traveled upto 60%.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
• /
• v.10 no.2 s.23
• /
• pp.35-42
• /
• 2004

This study aimed at establishing the multi-ranged approach on data acquisition technique for rural landscape planning, which tried categorization, grading and transferring of landscape elements in the more detailed level. For the systematic management of database for the topographic informations in the village level, a kind of the aerial photographing techniques with UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) was used and its resultant data for the landscape simulation of the rural village, which in turn helped the convenient approach to understanding of its comprehensive spatial structure. The image data from aerial photography was systematically processed through; First, after revision of the distorted one, the image map was adjusted with the topographical and cadastral maps. Second, the farm houses and buildings, and other facilities difficult to find out in the topographical map was digitally read from the adjusted image. The topographical landscape view of rural village was simulated on the base of DEM(Digital Elevation Model) and the 3-dimensional shapes of farm houses and buildings were automatically modelled using the input system developed by the author. In conclusion, the aerial image information adjusted with the edited maps could give more intuitive and detailed villagescape than the ordinary one and through landscape simulation of the rural village, its topography, features of houses/buildings and spatial distribution of land uses were effectively reproduced. And, by the linkage between field survey and photographed/simulated results of the typical landscape elements using hyper-link method, it would be expected to develop as an effective visualization technique of rural landscape.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.765-768
• /
• 2013

Background and Aims: Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in males in many populations. Metformin is the most widely used anti-diabetic drug in the world, and there is increasing evidence of a potential efficacy of this agent as an anti-cancer drug. Metformin inhibits the proliferation of a range of cancer cells including prostate, colon, breast, ovarian, and glioma lines. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, non-coding, single-stranded RNAs that downregulate gene expression. We aimed to evaluate the effects of metformin treatment on changes in miRNA expression in PC-3 cells, and possible associations with biological behaviour. Materials and Methods: Average cell viability and cytotoxic effects of metformin were investigated at 24 hour intervals for three days using the xCELLigence system. The $IC_{50}$ dose of metformin in the PC-3 cells was found to be 5 mM. RNA samples were used for analysis using custom multi-species microarrays containing 1209 probes covering 1221 human mature microRNAs present in miRBase 16.0 database. Results: Among the human miRNAs investigated by the arrays, 10 miRNAs were up-regulated and 12 miRNAs were down-regulated in the metformin-treated group as compared to the control group. In conclusion, expression changes in miRNAs of miR-146a, miR-100, miR-425, miR-193a-3p and, miR-106b in metformin-treated cells may be important. This study may emphasize a new role of metformin on the regulation of miRNAs in prostate cancer.