• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.81-94
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• 1971

This research is conducted to study the effect to rebbuding, death atop, yielding and occurrence of twig blight disease with the interemediate cutting periods of mulberry branch and at the picking levels of leaf remains in autumn. The results obtained are as follows: 1. Re-budding branches are decreased with delaying of interval cutting period, and that more leaves remained lesser both re-budding branches and buds are observed. Therefore, it is better that leaves remained are placed on the upper part of branch, practically with 3-5 leaf remains. It has decreased re-budding branches, in case cutting is conducted in Sept. 20 with picking leaving 3-5 leaf on. 2. With regard that all picking increases the percentage of death atop of the branch and upper half part picking increases slightly over the other treats. Although it seems unlikely to be different in the other treats with cutting period, exception of all picking, it is elucidated better that the all picking after cutting in Sept. 15 represents unusually high, seemingly effected by the temperature contition preferable to the life of twig blight disease along with the lack of branch nutrition caused by the all picking. 3. In view of yielding, it has no difference in autumn yielding with cutting period, but more picking levels of leaf remains, more yielding. In spring yield, both no picking and all picking is the lowest, in spite of cutting period. Each treat produces high yielding except the no picking if rutting is done in Sept. 15 and Sept. 20, respectively; otherwise it is done earlier or later, each treat produces low yielding. It is suggested that yielding ability in following spring affected by the autumn picking because all picking treats represent lower yielding ability than no picking ones except of cutting in Sept. 15 and Sept. 20. With respect to total yield in spring and autumn, it is represented that other treats, among which cutting in Sept. 15 and Sept. 20 is especially high, produce higher yielding than both no picking and all picking. But no difference seemed in leaf remained treats. In these respects, it may be concluded that 3-5 leaf remains after the interval cutting in Sept. 15 to Sept. 20 increases the yielding throughout two seasons and it is suggested that 3-5 leaf remains after cutting in Sept. 5 to Sept. 10 has no difference with no picking and cutting after that day. 4. Diseases in the branch remained are twig blight, massaria-bye, and Die-back, of which twig blight attacks tremendously and slight ouurence in messaria-byo and Die-back. In ouurence of twig blight, it is appeared much in all picking and seasonal occurence high in Sept. 15 with 92.9, and in Sept. 30 with 100 as index, respectively. Also it occurs ,considerably in upper part picking but little occurrence in no picing. 5. It is considered that negative correlation among re-budding percentage. No. of re-budding leaf, and spring yielding is found, seemingly without heavy correlation at -0.42, and -0.27, respectively. However, death atop of branch and occurence of twig blight has little correlation with spring yield. On the other hand, positive correlation highly appeared with the correlation coefficient at 0.8 between occurence of twig blight and death atop of branch.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 1982

This experiment was carried out to develope a new planting system from the economical point of view, using the various sizes of mulberry saplings ranged from 3mm to 7mm (3, 4, 5 and 7mm) in diameter of branches. They were planted densely (2,285 trees/10a) in vinyl film-and non-mulching system. The results are summarized as follows. 1. There are no differences in growth and yield of the planting year between 6mm and 7mm saplings. 2. The vinyl mulching affords an abundant growth of the saplings due to retaining of soil temperature and moisture. The dense planting with vinyl film mulching gave rise to 26% and 7% increase of leaf yield, using the saplings sized of 7mm and 5mm, respectively. 3. On the other hand, it was evident that the use of 6mm saplings in non-mulching and 5mm ones in mulching redused possibly the sapling cost. It was also noteworthy an additional profit took places in the yield increase, the cost reduction of saplings and weeding by using the 7mm and 5mm saplings in mulching system. It amounted to the increase of ￦33,800 and ￦24,520, respectively over the use of 7mm saplings in non-mulching system.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.94-100
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• 1990

Yongchonppon, one of the native varities, is the highest clod resistant. For its practical use, feeding test has been implemented in the ordinary rearing and in the branch rearing 1987 through 1988. The results are summarized as follows. 1. The feeding of Yongchonppong at the 4th and 5th instar made 5% decrease in spring and 10% decrease of cocoon yield in autumn, respectively, while cocoon shell ratio was a little less and percentage of raw silk was a little high, as compared to the feeding of Kaeryangppong. 2. The feeding of Yongchonppong at the 4th instar only showed nearly same nearing result as the feeding of Kaeryangppon. 3. In case of the feeding of yongchonppong at the 4th instar and early stage of the 5th instar, cocoon yield and percentage of raw silk marked 96% and 97-98% of Kaeryangppong. 4. The total nitrogen and crude protein of Yongchonnppong was less, while the total carbohydrate, crude ash and crude fat were high, as compared to those of Kaeryangppong. It had more phosphate and boric and less manganese than Kaeryangppong. 5. The leaf aereal weight of Yongchonppong was 1.57g/dcm2 and the leaf thickness was 113$\mu$. The moisture reducing rate marked 41.3% after three hour exposure to the air.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.51-55
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• 2005

Resveratrol is naturally occurring phytoalexin compounds produced by grape berries, peanuts, and their products in response to stress such as fungal infection, heavy metal ions or UV irradiation. The objective of this study was to develope a reliable high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the quantitative determination of trans-resveratrol in mulberry fruit. Samples were extracted in 80% MeOH and filtered with $0.45{\mu}m$ syringe filter. The transresveratrol was separated Waters $C_{18}$ column, using a mobile phase containing 0.025% trifluroacetic acid in 5% acetonitril and 0.035% trifluroacetic acid in 50% acetonitril, detected by photodiode array detector (PDA) at 254 nm and the flow rate was 1ml/min. Under this analytical condition, the mean content of mulberry fruits (fifty varieties) was $777.3{\pm}585.9ppm$. Among the tested samples, 'Mansaengbaekpinosang (II)' was the highest level in 3450.6 ppm. However four accessions including 'Gukbu', 'Sabangso (I)', 'Simseol' and yield mulberry fruit were not able to detected. Eight suitable varieties selected for the production of fruit were 'Jeolgokchosaeng (Chungbuk)' 777.8 ppm, 'Dangsang 7' 771.1 ppm, 'Jangsosang' 133.9 ppm, 'Susungppong' 31.1 ppm, 'Suwonnosang' 639.7 ppm, 'Palcheongsipyung' 1475.9 ppm, 'Kangsun' 864.0 ppm, and 'Jukcheonchosaeng' 1458.5 ppm. 'Daesungppong' which was the first authorized variety for the production of mulberry fruit was 1236.7 ppm. In conclusion, these results suggest that mulberry including fruit and leaf may a good new resource for resveratrol production.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.79-84
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• 1990

To make clear the changes of the amount of reserve substances in the bark of stem and root of mulberry graftages after planting, studies were carried with mulberry graftages classified into three groups of 7.0-7.9mm, 9.0-9.9mm and 11.0-11.9mm in diameter of stems at 3cm above their base. The results obtained were as follow : 1. The dry weight of stem and root bark gradually decreased with growth of new shoots till about five weeks after planting, and from then it increased. 2. The duration of new shoots growth depending on the reserve substance was limited for 6-7 weeks after planting. In no fertilized group, the length of new shoots increased up to 6-7 weeks, form then decrease. 3. Dry leaf yield three weeks after planting was found to be no difference in the same diameter of saplings between with and without fertilization. 4. The content of chlorophyll in the leaves was higher in thicker group and in fertilized group than thinner and no fertilized one, respectively. 5. There was no difference in the amount of carbohydrates of the bark of stem and root among the stem diameters. There was a transient increase in the amount of total sugar in the bark of stem and root in the first three weeks after planting, followed by gradual decline up to five weeks. The amount of reducing sugar in the bark of stem and root increased both in fertilized and in no fertilized group up to three weeks after planting, and then it decreased. There was a gradual decline in the content of starch in the bark of stem and root both in fertilized and in no fertilized group up to five weeks after planting, followed by gradual increase.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.202-210
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• 1985

Requirements in weed control in a mulberry field are much similar to those in orchards, but also feature a longer period of weed control of various kinds of persistent weeds, i.e., spring, summer, and winter annuals as well as perennials. In addition the mulberry tree is relatively more sensitive to herbicide injury. Hence, very few herbicides have been used in mulberry field. The present study was conducted to evaluate the usefulness of oxyfluorfen in comparison with alachlor and simazine, which are registered for ordinary mulberry field in Korea, for weed control efficacy in the new, rapidly increasing practice of transparent polyethylene-film mulched and densely planted younger mulberry culture. Dominant spring weeds were Galium spp., Erigeron spp., Polygonum senticosum, and Chenopodium spp. in the non-mulched interbed area in contrast to the Digitaria spp. and Potulaca spp, under mulch. Dominant summer weeds were Digitaria spp., Portulaca spp., Erigeron spp., Artemisia spp. and Calystegia japonica in the non-mulched interbed area while weeds did not occur significantly during summer under mulch which were shaded by vigorously growing mulberry trees. The weeds occurred under mulch in spring reduced shoot growth of young mulberry tree resulting in the reduced yield of mulberry leaves for silkworms. The weeds occurred in the interbed area did not affect until May, but interfered later summer- and fall-growth of mulberry tree. Early single spring application of alachlor(EC), simazine(WP) or oxyfluorfen(EC) at a rate of 650 g, 750 g or 350 g ai per ha, respectively, controlled most annuals satisfactorily to fall in the mulched bed area. In the nonmulched interbed area, however, thrice does of alchlor or simazine was necessary for satisfactory control of spring weeds, followed by summer application of alachlor or simazine at twice dose level as tank mixture with paraquat at 490 g ai per ha for satisfactory control of summer to fall weeds. Single spring application of oxyfluorfen at a rate of 1400 g ai per ha was persistently effective to control satisfactorily even summer and fall weeds. However, heavy rainfall splashed soil borne oxyfluorfen to the lower branch leaves causing some leaf burns. Spring application of oxyfluorfen at a rate of 350 g ai per ha followed by summer application of oxyfluorfen and paraquat tank mixture (350 g ai + 490 g ai) was the best choice for the non-mulched interbed area weed control among the treatments.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.127-135
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• 2007

Precocious metamorphosis was induced in two popular bivoltine breeds i.e. YB and $NB_4D_2$ by an imidazole compound having anti-juvenile hormone activity. The chemical was administered by feeding treatment with mulberry leaf to freshly moulted (0-6 hrs) IV instar larvae. The dose of the chemical was found to be breed specific being 650 ppm for YB and 500 ppm for $NB_4D_2$. The chemical caused complete skipping up of the fifth instar larvae which is most susceptible to diseases. But IV instar was somewhat prolonged. As a result the total larval period was reduced by 4-5 days. However, some of the rearing and reeling parameters like cocoon yield, cocoon weight, shell weight, shell %, filament length and fecundity were reduced for that particular generation only. The effective rate of rearing (ERR %) was significantly increased in trimoulters during the most unfavourable August - September seed crop season. Number of cocoons / kg and number of male moth were significantly higher in trimoulters. These may be useful for preparation of $multi{\times}bi$ hybrid seed. Fine denier was also found in trimoulter cocoon which is the cause of getting fine silk filament from trimoulter cocoons. Normal mating behaviour and emergence pattern was recorded in trimoulters. Bivoltine trimoulter males also showed competence for mating with multivoltine females. These results suggest the possibility of getting trimoulter males during hot and humid seasons when rearing of bivoltine is almost impossible particularly in Eastern and North Eastern India.