• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.135-143
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• 1998

This experiment was performed in order to study the effects of Sojadodamgangkitang on the injured tracheal tissue induced $SO_2$ in rats. Healthy adult male rats weighting about 250g were divided into 4 groups-the Normal group, the Control group, the group of Sojadodamgangkitang administration for 5 days after $SO_2$ gas exposure (Sample I), and the group of Sojadodamgangkitang administration for 10 days before and for 5 days after $SO_2$ gas exposure (Sample II). The results were obtained as follows ; 1. In the trachea Control group. the lesion of the ciliated epithelium was severe and the mucus secretion of the respiratory tract was increased iginificantly. 2. In the trachea of Sample I group, the lesion of the ciliated epithelium and the mucus secretion of the respiratory tract were decreased compared with Control group. 3. In the trachea of Sample II group, the lesion of the ciliated epithelium and the mucus secretion of the respiratory tract were decreased compared with Control and Sample I group. According to the above results, Sojadodamgangkitang has significant effect on the injuried tracheal tissue caused by $SO_2$ in rats.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.56-71
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• 2014

Objectives In this study, the author tried to investigate whether piryongbang-gamgil-tang (PGGT) significantly affect in vitro airway mucin secretion, PMA- or EGF- or TNF-${\alpha}$-induced MUC5AC mucin production / gene expression from human airway epithelial cells and increase in airway epithelial mucosubstances and hyperplasia of tracheal goblet cells of rats. Materials and Methods For in vitro experiment, confluent RTSE cells were chased for 30 min in the presence of PGGT to assess the effect of PGGT on mucin secretion by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Also, effect of PGGT on PMA- or EGFor TNF-${\alpha}$-induced MUC5AC mucin production and gene expression from human airway epithelial cells (NCI-H292) were investigated. Confluent NCI-H292 cells were pretreated for 30 min in the presence of PGGT and treated with PMA (10 ng/ml) or EGF (25 ng/ml) or TNF-${\alpha}$ (0.2 nM) for 24 hrs, to assess both effect of PGGT on PMA- or EGF- or TNF-${\alpha}$-induced MUC5AC mucin production by ELISA and gene expression by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). For in vivo experiment, the author induced hypersecretion of airway mucus and goblet cell hyperplasia by exposure of rats to $SO_2$ during 3 weeks. Effect of orally-administered PGGT during 2 weeks on increase in airway epithelial mucosubstances from tracheal goblet cells of rats and hyperplasia of goblet cells were assesed by using histopathological analysis after staining the epithelial tissue with alcian blue. Possible cytotoxicities of PGGT in vitro were assessed by examining LDH release from RTSE cells and the rate of survival and proliferation of NCI-H292 cells. In vivo liver and kidney toxicities of PGGT were evaluated by measuring serum GOT/GPT activities and serum BUN/creatinine concentrations of rats after administering PGGT orally. Results (1) PGGT did not affect in vitro mucin secretion from cultured RTSE cells. (2) PGGT significantly inhibited PMA-, EGF-, and TNF-${\alpha}$-induced MUC5AC mucin productions and the expression levels of MUC5AC mRNA from NCI-H292 cells. (3) PGGT decreased the amount of intraepithelial mucosubstances and showed the tendency of expectorating airway mucus already produced. (4) PGGT increased LDH release from RTSE cells. However, PGGT did not show in vivo liver and kidney toxicities and cytotoxicity to NCI-H292 cells. Conclusion The result from this study suggests that PGGT can regulate the production and gene expression of airway mucin observed in diverse respiratory diseases accompanied by mucus hypersecretion and do not show in vivo toxicity to liver and kidney functions after oral administration. Effect of PGGT with their components should be further studied using animal experimental models that reflect the diverse pathophysiology of respiratory diseases through future investigations.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.581-590
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• 1993

In a preliminary screening of the plant extracts for the antigastritic action in rats, the extract of Aralia elata(Araliaceae) showed positive activity in HCI plus ethanol induced gastric lesion. Systematic fractions with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and butanol resulted in the most patent activity with the butanol fraction: This butanol fraction at the oral dose of 200 mg/kg exhibited significant inhibition of absolute alcohol induced gastric lesion which was more potent than 100 mg/kg of cimetidine and had significant stimulation of mucus secretion. The butanol fraction showed significant decreases in the ulcer indices of Shay ulcers and inhibition of gastric juice secretion with acid output in pylorus-ligated stomachs of rats. It also suppressed the acetic acid induced gastric ulcer. These results might suggest that the butanol fraction had inhibitory action in gastric lesion and ulceration through inhibition of gastric acid secretion and stimulation of mucin secretion in the stomachs of rats.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.487-492
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• 2011

In our previous study, we investigated Chenopodium album Linne (CAL) ethanol extract and its fractions on anti-gastritic actions using the HCl/ethanol and indomethacin induced gastric lesion model and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Based on the results, butanol fraction was most effective among fractions obtained from CAL. This study aims to elucidate the mechanisms of butanol fraction, and betaine as a constituent of the butanol fraction, on gastritis and anti-gastric cancer cell growth. First, we examined antioxidant properties using hydrogen peroxide and superoxide radical, and we found that butanol fraction and betaine may be good antioxidants. Second, cytotoxicity was assessed by measuring cell viability and 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylinodole dihydrochloride (DAPI) staining of human gastric cancer cells (AGS cells). We also examined the relationship between the cytotoxicity and intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ signaling mechanism. The butanol fraction demonstrated cell viability 71.49% at the concentration of 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ and increased intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration in a dose dependent manner. Finally, we observed the mucus content as a defensive factor and gastric secretion as an aggressive factor, and found that the mucus content noticeably increased when treated with butanol fraction and betaine and gastric secretion decreased when treated with betaine in vivo study. From these results, we suggest that CAL butanol fraction and betaine may have protective effects on gastritis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.289-296
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• 2004

Background : Mucus hypersecretion in the patients with airway diseases represents poor prognosis as well as discomfort. However, there is no known therapy for its effective control. One important component of mucus is mucin, a glycosylated protein, which endows mucus with viscosity. We studied whether a proteinase has a role in mucin secretion and if so, which. Methods : (1) Inhibition of mucin secretion Group-specific proteinase inhibitors were tested to evaluate whether a proteinase belonging to a group of proteinases plays a role in mucin secretion. Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride(PMSF, a serine proteinase inhibitor), E-64(a cysteine proteinase inhibitor), Pepstatin(an aspartic proteinase inhibitor) and 1, 10-Phenanthroline(a metalloproteinase inhibitor) were treated into the Calu-3 cell line for 24 hours. The enzyme linked immunoabsorbant assay(ELISA) for MUC5AC was performed to evaluate the amount of mucin secretion and to compare with a control. (2) Stimulation of mucin secretion Matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9), MMP-12 and TACE(TNF-alpha converting enzyme), which are known to be related with airway diseases, were used to be treated into Calu-3 for 24 hours. ELISA for MUC5AC was performed to evaluate the amount of mucin secretion and to compare with the controls. Results : (1) PMSF($10^{-4}M$), E-64($10^{-4}M$), Pepstatin($10^{-6}M$) and 1, 10-Phenanthroline($10^{-4}M$) reduced the MUC5AC secretion by $1{\pm}4.9%$(mean${\pm}$standard deviation; P=1.0 compared with the control), $-6{\pm}3.9%$(P=0.34), $-13{\pm}9.7%$(P=0.34) and $41{\pm}8.2%$(P=0.03), respectively. (2) The amounts of MUC5AC secretion stimulated by MMP-9(250ng/ml), MMP-12(100ng/ml) and TACE(200ng/ml) were $103{\pm}6%$(P=0.39), $102{\pm}8%$(P=1.0) and $107{\pm}13%$(P=0.39), respectively, compared with the controls. Conclusion : Metalloproteinase(s) is (are) suggested to play a role in mucin secretion. It appears that metalloproteinases, other than MMP-9, MMP-12 or TACE, affect the mucin secretion in this in vitro model.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.31-46
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• 2016

Objectives In this study, the effects of Ja-eum-gang-hwa-tang (JGT) on the increase in airway epithelial mucosubstances of rats and ATP- or PMA- or EGF- or TNF-${\alpha}$-induced MUC5AC mucin production and gene expression from human airway epithelial cells were investigated. Materials and Methods Hypersecretion of airway mucus was produced by exposure of $SO_2$ to rats for 3 weeks. The effect of orally-administered JGT for 2 weeks on increased epithelial mucosubstances from tracheal goblet cells of rats was assessed by using histopathological analysis after staining the epithelial tissue with Hematoxylin-eosin and PAS-alcian blue. Possible cytotoxicity of JGT was assessed by investigating the potential damage on kidneys and liver functions by measuring serum GOT/GPT activities and serum BUN concentration of rats and the body weight gain during experiment. Also, the effect of JGT on ATP- or PMA- or EGF- or TNF-${\alpha}$-induced MUC5AC mucin production and gene expression from human airway epithelial cells (NCI-H292) were investigated. Confluent NCI-H292 cells were pretreated for 30 min in the presence of JGT and treated with ATP ($200{\mu}M$) or PMA ($10ng/ml$) or EGF ($25ng/ml$) or TNF-${\alpha}$ (0.2 nM) for 24 hrs to assess the effect of JGT both on ATP- or PMA- or EGF- or TNF-${\alpha}$-induced MUC5AC mucin production by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and on gene expression by the same inducers using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results (1) JGT decreased the amount of intraepithelial mucosubstances of trachea of rats. (2) JGT did not show any renal and hepatic toxicities, and did not affect body weights either. (3) JGT significantly inhibited ATP-, PMA-, EGF-, and TNF-${\alpha}$-induced MUC5AC mucin productions from NCI-H292 cells. (4) JGT inhibited EGF-, and PMA-induced expression levels of MUC5AC gene in NCI-H292 cells. However, ATP- and TNF-${\alpha}$-induced MUC5AC gene expression levels were not affected in NCI-H292 cells. Conclusions The result from the present study suggests that JGT might control the production and gene expression of airway mucin observed in various respiratory diseases which accompanied by mucus hypersecretion. Also, JGT did not show liver toxicity or impact on kidney functions. The effect of JGT should be further studied by using animal experimental models which can show proper pathophysiology of airway diseases.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.175-184
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• 1994

This was performed to investigate the antiulcer effects of Aloe vera on the stomach ulcer induced by restraint and water-immersion stress in rats. For this experiment, 60 male Sprague-Dawley strain were used. The experimental groups were divided into five: a control(CA) and 4 aloe treatment groups. Each dose of aloe was 50 mg/kg BW(AA), 100mg/kg BW(AB), 200 mg/kg BW(AC), and 400 mg/kg BW(AD). The rats were allocated to each group by 12 and observed for 4 weeks. The results are as following. 1. The stomach surface pH in each group showed no significant difference, byt the values of aloe treatment groups were higher than the value of the control group. 2. The gastric wall mucus was significantly increased in all aloe treatment groups(p<0.05) compared with the control group. Especially in AC and AD group the differences were higher(p<0.01). 3. At shear rate rate 11.25, 45.0, 90.0, 225.0 sec-1, whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity were measured. Most of the values of aloe treatment groups were significantly low compared with those of the control group(P<0.05). 4. The ulcer index of aloe treatment groups were significantly low campared with control group(p<0.05). Especially in AC and AD group the differences were more significant(p<0.01). 5. Less severe ulcers were observed in AA and AB group than in the control group. Tissues of AC and AD group had only slight ulcers and necrosis of tissue was not observed in these groups. Especially in AD group, there was more mucus than other groups and it seemed that alove vera stimulated the epithelial regeneration. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the oral administration of Alove vera results in protection of stomach ulcer by stimulating the secretion of gastric mucus and the circulation of blood.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.26-36
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• 2015

Objectives In this study, effect of Geumsuyukgunjeon (GYJ) on the increase in airway epithelial mucosubstances of rats with acute bronchitis and EGF-induced MUC5AC mucin production from human airway epithelial cells were investigated. Materials and Methods Hypersecretion of airway mucus was induced by exposure of rats to SO2 during 3 weeks. Effect of orally-administered GYJ during 2 weeks on increase in airway epithelial mucosubstances from tracheal goblet cells of rats was assesed using histopathological analysis after staining the epithelial tissue with PAS-alcian blue. Possible cytotoxicity of GYJ was assessed by examining the potential damage of kidney and liver functions by measuring serum GOT/GPT activities and serum BUN and creatinine concentrations of rats and the body weight gain during experiment, after administering GYJ orally. Effect of GYJ on EGF-induced MUC5AC mucin production from human airway epithelial cells (A549) was investigated. Confluent A549 cells were pretreated for 30 min in the presence of GYJ and treated with EGF (25 ng/ml) for 24 hrs, to assess the effect of GYJ on EGF-induced MUC5AC mucin production using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results (1) GYJ decreased the amount of intraepithelial mucosubstances of trachea of rats. (2) GYJ did not show kidney and liver toxicities and did not affect body weight gain of rats during experiment. (3) GYJ significantly inhibited EGF-induced MUC5AC mucin production from A549 cells. Conclusions The result from the present study suggests that GYJ might control both the mucus hypersecretion in vivo and do not show in vivo toxicity to liver and kidney functions after oral administration and the production of pulmonary mucin.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.168-168
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• 2021

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.295-300
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• 1996

In a preliminary screening of plant extracts for the antigastritic and antiulcer actions in rats, the extracts of head of Panax ginseng Radix showed positive activity in HCl ethanol-induced gastric lesion. Among the systematic fractions of hexane, chloroform, butanol and water, the most potent butanol fraction reduced significantly HCl ethanol-induced gastric lesion at the oral dose of 500 mg/kg. In pylorus ligated rats, hexane and butanol fraction showed decreases in the volume of gastric secretion and acid output, of which effects were stronger in butanol fraction. Further assays with butanol fraction disclosed that it significantly suppressed the aspirin-induced and Shay ulcer. The butanol fraction at the intraduodenal dose of 500 mg/kg showed significant stimulation of mucus secretion.