• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.152-161
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• 2021

Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is known as a key product for agriculture in several countries across the world. Beet soil-borne virus (BSBV) triggers substantial economic damages to sugar beet by reducing the quantity of the yield and quality of the beet sugars. We conducted the present study to report the complete genome sequences of two BSBV isolates in Turkey for the first time. The genome organization was identical to those previously established BSBV isolates. The tripartite genome of BSBV-TR1 and -TR3 comprised a 5,835-nucleotide (nt) RNA1, a 3,454-nt RNA2, and a 3,005-nt RNA3 segment. According to sequence identity analyses, Turkish isolates were most closely related to the BSBV isolate reported from Iran (97.83-98.77% nt identity). The BSBV isolates worldwide (n = 9) were phylogenetically classified into five (RNA-coat protein read through gene [CPRT], TGB1, and TGB2 segments), four (RNA-rep), or three (TGB3) lineages. In genetic analysis, the TGB3 revealed more genetic variability (Pi = 0.034) compared with other regions. Population selection analysis revealed that most of the codons were generally under negative selection or neutral evolution in the BSBV isolates studied. However, positive selection was detected at codon 135 in the TGB1, which could be an adaptation in order to facilitate the movement and overcome the host plant resistance genes. We expect that the information on genome properties and genetic variability of BSBV, particularly in TGB3, TGB1, and CPRT genes, assist in developing effective control measures in order to prevent severe losses and make amendments in management strategies.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.254-263
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• 2023

Background The three-dimensional (3D) evaluation of skeletal stability after orthognathic surgery is a time-consuming and complex procedure. The complexity increases further when evaluating the surgery-first orthognathic approach (SFOA). Herein, we propose and validate a simple time-saving method of 3D analysis using a single software, demonstrating high accuracy and repeatability. Methods This retrospective cohort study included 12 patients with skeletal class 3 malocclusion who underwent bimaxillary surgery without any presurgical orthodontics. Computed tomography (CT)/cone-beam CT images of each patient were obtained at three different time points (preoperation [T0], immediately postoperation [T1], and 1 year after surgery [T2]) and reconstructed into 3D images. After automatic surface-based alignment of the three models based on the anterior cranial base, five easily located anatomical landmarks were defined to each model. A set of angular and linear measurements were automatically calculated and used to define the amount of movement (T1-T0) and the amount of relapse (T2-T1). To evaluate the reproducibility, two independent observers processed all the cases, One of them repeated the steps after 2 weeks to assess intraobserver variability. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated at a 95% confidence interval. Time required for evaluating each case was recorded. Results Both the intra- and interobserver variability showed high ICC values (more than 0.95) with low measurement variations (mean linear variations: 0.18 mm; mean angular variations: 0.25 degree). Time needed for the evaluation process ranged from 3 to 5 minutes. Conclusion This approach is time-saving, semiautomatic, and easy to learn and can be used to effectively evaluate stability after SFOA.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.34 no.22
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• pp.8829-8840
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• 2021

Recent studies have highlighted that a primary mechanism of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) is the fluid dynamical response to the Tibetan Plateau (TP), that is, orographically forced Rossby waves. With this mechanism in mind, this study explores how changes in the location of the TP affect the EASM precipitation. Specifically, the TP is moved in the four cardinal directions using idealized general circulation model experiments. The results show that the monsoon aspects are entirely determined by the location of the TP. Interestingly, the strongest EASM precipitation occurs when the TP is situated near its current location, a situation in which downstream southerlies are well developed from the surface to aloft. However, southerlies into the EASM region weaken as the TP moves, which in turn reduces the precipitation. Nevertheless, as long as it moves in the east-west direction, the TP is likely to force the stationary waves that induce precipitation over the midlatitudes (not necessarily over East Asia). In contrast, moving the TP well north of its original location does not induce strong monsoon flows over the EASM region, resulting in the driest case. Meanwhile, although the southward movement of the TP triggers downstream southerlies to some extent, it does not lead to an increase in the precipitation. Overall, these results show that the location of the TP is crucial in determining the EASM precipitation, and the latter is much more sensitive to the displacement of the TP in the meridional direction than in the zonal direction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 1999.03a
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• pp.237-242
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• 1999

The nature of the interactions between the vestibular and autonomic systems is complex and has not been fully defined. Vestibuloocular reflex induced by sinusoidal rotation and activity of the autonomic nerves in the heart were measured to investigate the interactions between the vestibular system and the autonomic nervous system in healthy adults. Eye movement induced by sinusoidal rotation of the whole body or optokinetic stimulation at 0.04 Hz was analyzed in gain, phase, and symmetry. EKG was measured during vestibular stimulation and analyzed in heart rate variability including mean R-R interval, standard deviation (SD) and coefficient of variance (CV) of R-R interval, and power spectrum of low frequency region (LF) and high frequency region (HF). Gain of eye movement was 0.65${\pm}$0.03 by ratatory stimulation, 0.70${\pm}$0.02 in optokinetic stimulation, 0.08${\pm}$0.02 in visual suppression, and 0.84${\pm}$0.04 in visual enhancement. In R-R interval, resting condition (control) was 0.82${\pm}$0.03 sec, and visual suppression showed significant increase and visual enhancement did significant decrease compared with control (p<0.01).CV was 0.06${\pm}$0.02 in control and visual enhancement increased significantly (p<0.05). In LF/HF control was 1.40${\pm}$0.23, which was not different from rotatory or optokinetic stimulation. But visual suppression decreased LF/HF significantly and visual enhancement increased significantly compared with control (p<0.01). These results suggest that degree of gain corresponds with LF/HF and increased gain in visual enhancement is deeply related to the activity of sympathetic nerves.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.45-52
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• 2022

A tangible sports game is an exercise game that uses sensors or cameras to track the user's body movements and to feel a sense of reality. Recently, VR indoor sports room systems installed to utilize tangible sports game for physical activity in schools. However, these systems primarily use screen-touch user interaction. In this research, we developed a V-Catch Vision system that uses AI image recognition technology to enable tracking of user movements in three-dimensional space rather than two-dimensional wall touch interaction. We also conducted a usability evaluation experiment to investigate the exercise effects of this system. We tried to evaluate quantitative exercise effects by measuring blood oxygen saturation level, the real-time ECG heart rate variability, and user body movement and angle change of Kinect skeleton. The experiment result showed that there was a statistically significant increase in heart rate and an increase in the amount of body movement when using the V-Catch Vision system. In the subjective evaluation, most subjects found the exercise using this system fun and satisfactory.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.284-287
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• 1999

The nose, a striking features of the human face, is regarded by many clinicians as the keystone of facial esthetics. Clinically, as the treatment of a dentofacial deformity, the soft tissue changes that occurred normally with movement of the skeletal bases. Changes of the soft tissue in the maxillary orthognathic surgery are widening of alar base, elevated nasal tip and flattening of upper lip. In addition, soft tissue change is difficult to predict, it has considerable variability in the response of soft tissue. We reviewed patients who received Le Fort I advancement osteotomy in our department and analysed preoperative and postoperative alar base width, nasal height in clinical measurement and cephalometry and patient's satisfaction of postoperative nasal appearance.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.292-298
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of dual tasks on balance and postural control during standing in patients with cerebellar ataxia (CA). It was hypothesized that CA patients would exhibit different sway characteristics of the center of mass (COM) depending on the complexity of the secondary cognitive tasks compared with normal control subjects. Methods: A total of 8 patients with CA and age-matched healthy control subjects participated in this study. They were instructed to perform two balance tasks (non-dual and dual movement) with 3 different complexity of dual tasks. Range, variability, and velocity of COMs were measured. Results: According to the results CA patients showed deficits in balance and postural control with increased dual-task complexity during the static balance task in saggital sway movements. However, there was no significant difference in static balance in frontal sway. With higher difficulty in the cognitive task, CA patients took longer to stabilize their body center, while normal control subjects showed no change between conditions. In addition, CA patients had a greater COM resultant velocity during recovery in the dual-task condition compared with the single-task condition. These findings indicate that CA patients had defendable compensatory strategies in performing dual tasks. Conclusion: In conclusion, CA patients appeared to manage the priority to balance and postural control. Particularly in a situation with a postural threat such as when potential consequences of the loss of stability increase, they appeared to prioritize the control of balance and posture over the performance of the secondary task.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.113-131
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• 1988

Although TMJ sound is common, its relationship to subjective and objective evaluation and the magnitude and the position of the sound during the mandibular movement is not fully understood. So, the purpose of this investigation was to provide further insight into the characteristics of the TMJ sounds. Twelve subjects (9 men and 3 women) with TMJ sounds were selected from students at Chosun University, School of Dentistry. Condylar movements and TMJ sounds of each subject were recorded and analyzed using a simplified condylar path recorder and a sound checker. Although specific conclusions were difficult to make from this study, the finding suggested the followings. 1. The position of TMJ sounds were visually observed and marked on the condylar tracings during maximum opening and closing, protrusive and retrusive and right and left lateral movements. 2. Information about the size, location and number of condylar deviations and the translation freedom of the condyle was recorded and analyzed objectively. 3. The most obvious characteristic of TMJ sounds was their variability. 4. TMJ sounds were categorized into one of four groups (soft click, hard click, soft crepitus, hard crepitus) by the quality and quantity of the duration and amplitude components.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.1141-1147
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• 2002

Based on the tide gauge data from the Permanent Service for Meau Sea Level (PSMSL) collected at 23 locations in the Korean coast, the long-term sea-level trend was computed using a simple linear regression fit over the recorded length of the monthly mean sea-level data. The computed sea-level trend was also corrected for the vertical land movement due to post glacial rebound(PGR) using the ICE-4G(VM2) model output. It was found that the PGR-corrected sea-level trend near Korea was 2.310 $\pm$ 2.220 mm/yr, which is higher than the global average at 1.0∼2.0mm/yr, as assessed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC). The regional distribution of the long-term sea-level trend near Korea revealed that the South Sea had the largest sea-level rise followed by the West Sea and East Sea, respectively, supporting the results of the previous study by Seo et al. However, due to the relatively short record period and large spatial variability, the sea-level trend from the tide gauge data for the Korean coast could be biased with a steric sea-level rise by the global warming during the 20th century.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.103-113
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• 1984

This work was undertaken to evaluate the integumental response in lower face to hard tissue changes, and to grope the prediction equation for expected integumental profile changes. Cephalometric headplates of 25 persons consisted of 8 Angle's class 1 maxillary protrusive and 17 Angle's class II division 1 patients whose mean age was 15.2 years were traced, diagramatized, and statistically analyzed. The results were as follows; 1. Upper incisor and lips were retracted and convexity of integumental profile decreased concurrently with decrease of hard tissue procumbency, however soft tissue point A', B', and Pog' did not undergo significant changes after orthodontic treatment. 2. Remarkable increment of upper lip thickness and upper lip height was shown and this was related to upper incisor retraction. The ratio between the amount of upper incisor retraction and the increment o f upper lip thickness was approximately 1.16:1. 3. Moderate correlation of upper lip retraction to upper incisor retraction, and of lower lip retraction to lower incisor movement were arranged, and yet comparatively wide variability from subject to subject was shown. 4. It was possible to predict statistically for horizontal alteration of lip position and change of upper lip angulation ground in orthodontic treatment.