• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.61-81
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• 2017

Traditional approaches to surface moisture problems in the context of aeolian research have focused on the initiation of sand movement, developing various models for predicting threshold velocity on a wet surface. They have been unsatisfactory, however, in explaining field observations because they have not incorporated spatiotemporal variability of surface moisture, the interactions between transported sand grains and surface, and the role of aeolian transport in controlling surface moisture. As Nield (2011) showed, a simplified numerical model can be used to investigate this issue. This research aims to explore the feedback structures between aeolian transport and surface moisture using a modified sand slab model. Key modifications are the introduction of simultaneous updating scheme for all the slabs and moisture-assigning procedures with and without aeolian transport. The major findings are as follows. Moist surface conditions suppress sand slab movement, leading to the development of smaller-scale topography. Available sands for aeolian transport are determined by the vertical patterns of moisture content with its variations from groundwater to the surface. Sand patches on a wet surface act as a localized source area. Sand movement drives immediate changes in surface moisture rather than time-lag reponses, mostly when moist conditions are dominant.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.54-65
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• 1993

The paper describes and alternative method based on a new idea to measure the circular movement of machining centers. ISO has employed three testing methods for the acceptance tests of machine tools; the first is a rotating one-dimensional probe method, the second is a two-dimensional probe and a master circular ring, and the third is a kinematic ball bar. The last two methods were proposed and introduced by W. Knapp and J. B. Bryan, respectively. The newly developed method is superior to above two methods; the rotating angle can be detected and the rotating radius is variable. Circular movement errors of machining centers were investigated by the analysis of data measured by R- .THETA. method. Followint observations are obtained 1) The errors which depend on positions, i.e., periodical errors by the pitch of ball screws, errors by compensation of backlash and errors by perpendicularity of X and Y-axis, were analyzed. 2) The errors which depend on NC control system, i.e., errors by the unbalance of position-loop-gaians, errors by velocity-loop-gains and errors by feed speeds, were quantiatively analyzed. 3) The method of extracting error information, which uses moving technique of averaging angle and fourier's analysis data mesured by the R- .THETA. method, was proposed.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.107-120
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to analyze the patterns of D level protective clothing, improve their ease of movement by modifying the patterns, and validate the effectiveness of the improvements through 3D virtual fitting and subjective wearing evaluations. Based on previous studies that identified numerous complaints, the patterns of the neck, armpit, and waist areas were modified, resulting in the development of new patterns. To compare and analyze the improved protective clothing with the basic protective clothing, stress and strain were examined after 3D virtual fitting. Additionally, to assess the clothing's allowance, the overall distance between the avatar and the protective clothing, as well as the sectional circumference length and distance of each avatar body part, were measured. Furthermore, the improved protective clothing was manufactured, and a subjective wearing evaluation was conducted with ten males in their twenties as participants. The results showed that the improved protective clothing had evenly distributed stress, larger sectional circumference, and lower average cavity distance. The subjective wearing evaluation also revealed that the suit with improved patterns exhibited superior size suitability, reduced pulling sensation in different body parts, and increased ease of movement. In conclusion, this study confirmed that even minimal pattern modifications can enhance the functionality of protective clothing, alleviating discomfort for wearers.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.29-39
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• 2020

This study estimated influences of the Ulsan Fault on tectonic movement and uplift characteristics in the Eastern Block of the Ulsan Fault. The averaged uplift rate in the Northern Coast of the Eastern Block was 0.202 m/ka, while the site in Seokbyeong-ri, Guryongpo-eup, Pohang-si, showed relatively high rate of 0.249 m/ka, attributable to influences of small fault movement, called the Gangsa Fault. Higher averaged rate of 0.270 m/ka than in the Northern Coast was calculated in the Southern Coast of the Eastern Block. The site in north of Haseo-ri, Yangnam-myeon, Gyeongju-si, showed the highest rate, suggesting influences of the Eupcheon Fault. The Western Block of the Ulsan Fault indicated the averaged rate of 0.208 m/ka, similar to that of the Northern Coast. The sites approximately 10 km apart from the Ulsan Fault showed 1.3 times higher rate in the Eastern Block than in the Western Block, while similar rates were calculated in the sites >20 km apart from the Ulsan Fault. These distributions of the rate suggest that the Ulsan Fault has significantly influenced development of marine terrace and tectonic movement in the study area, while local fault movements have also played a role.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.3D
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• pp.189-196
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• 2012

South Korea has achieved economic development rapidly during last 50 years. However, such fast economic development with industrialization caused skyrocketing increase of automobiles. The increase of automobile has created various problems in the cities. Problems like traffic congestion and accident, environmental pollution, noise, and vibration have done human beings, who are the principal agents harm. They have made citizens understand how important Green transportation, especially pedestrian movement, is. Recently, installation of pedestrian facilities has been expanded. If walking facilities are incorrectly designed, they can create inconvenience, danger and the state of emergency due to the lack of safety and pleasant feelings. However, since the importance of the facility designs has been neglected due to the lack of understanding, it is hard to improve the facilities. Therefore, we need various studies of walking simulation in order to research the designs for pedestrians' safety and convenience. The objective of this study is to analyze the pedestrians' behavior and movement in a transfer subway station. The improvement of walking environment was made after chasing and analyzing the pedestrians' movement which is investigated in the actual field using SimWalk simulation program.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.63-76
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• 2015

This study conducted a survey to gauge the buying and wearing propensities of wearers of leg guards made for baseball catchers, as well as product characteristics of preferred leg guards. Data from the survey were analyzed to obtain basic data for the development of an advanced leg guard design. Degree of compression, horizontal distance, cross section view and outline 3D sketch were also analyzed from the 3D data of leg guards; in addition, mobility and kinematic analysis were conducted through a wearing test. The survey indicated that imported products dominate the current retail market because they are appreciated by customers in terms of fit, price, brand, and protection. Representative complaints of products were discomfort, pressure, and the heavy-weight of the leg guards in general attributed to overall structure and 3D shape. When the pressure was lower on the front area of knee, it feels better to wear and the average knee angular velocity during the up and down motion increased, which suggests a better design from a kinematic point of view. The knee is the primary part of the body responsible for any movement of the lower limbs; consequently, the degree of compression and support stability of the leg guards near the knee area are important factors to evaluate the performance of leg guards. The results of our study indicate significant opportunities for improvement in product design and the development of baseball leg guards along with an ergonomic design that considers the mobility of the knee, skin deformations is necessary to improve performance. The process followed in this study will be applicable to studies on other personal protective equipment for sports.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.93-100
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• 2011

Cinematic camera techniques are being increasingly applied to the game development these days. In this study, the object movement and camera effect for the game development using the curve in the 3D space were discussed. The Catmull-Rom spline algorithm follows the curve more closely than the other curve algorithms. With the algorithm proposed in this study, the Catmull-Rom spline was dynamically created according to the user's input in multiple sections in the 3D space, and objects smoothly passed along the route. In addition, Cut-Scene section is specified using the Catmull-Rom spline and the object movement can be observed. The results of the study on the accuracy and efficiency of the curve showed that the Catmull-Rom spline is very efficient not only for the object movement but also for the cinematic camera technique.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.1919-1931
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• 2005

Human joint motion can be kinematically described in three planes, typically the frontal, sagittal, and transverse, and related to experimentally measured data. The selection of reference systems is a prerequisite for accurate kinematic analysis and resulting development of the equations of motion. Moreover, the development of analysis techniques for the minimization of errors, due to skin movement or body deformation, during experiments involving human locomotion is a critically important step, without which accurate results in this type of experiment are an impossibility. The traditional kinematic analysis method is the Angular-based method (ABM), which utilizes the Euler angle or the Bryant angle. However, this analysis method tends to increase cumulative errors due to skin movement. Therefore, the objective of this study was to propose a new kinematic analysis method, Position-based method (PBM), which directly applies position displacement data to represent locomotion. The PBM presented here was designed to minimize cumulative errors via considerations of angle changes and translational motion between markers occurring due to skin movements. In order to verify the efficacy and accuracy of the developed PBM, the mean value of joint dislocation at the knee during one gait cycle and the pattern of three dimensional translation motion of the tibiofemoral joint at the knee, in both flexion and extension, were accessed via ABM and via new method, PBM, with a Local Reference system (LRS) and Segmental Reference system (SRS), and then the data were compared between the two techniques. Our results indicate that the proposed PBM resulted in improved accuracy in terms of motion analysis, as compared to ABM, with the LRS and SRS.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.37-48
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• 2002

The following paper deals with the interaction between an Austrian art trend from the late 19th century until World War I, the Vienna Separatist Movement, and the Vienna Workshop dress and its ornaments in part designed by the artists belonging to the former mentioned school. Gustav Klimt′s paintings along with his photographs and pictures and articles published in the "Wiener Mode" magazine were subject of analysis. The focus was on Klimt′s paintings with female themes whereby a comparative analysis was made between the development of the forms, hues and ornaments of clothing and the style of paintings at that time. The whole development was classified into three phases. The first period from 1897∼1905 marks the birth of the Vienna Separatists along with the clothing reform movement. The heyday of the Separatists represents the second phase from 1906∼1913 and the decline of the very school and the Vienna Workshop period lasts from 1913∼1918. Refromed dresses were started to be recognized as alternatives, from 1897 when the Separatists started to gain foot until 1o05, and Kimt and Van de Velde published designs that were comfortable and elegant. From 1906 to 1913 the expressionism and Reform Mode of the Vienna artists started to flourish. But during the War the Separatist Movement, which triggered the modernazation of Vienna declined and instead the decorative art of Vienna Workshops started to develop. The asymmetric design of the dress, exotic patterns, shades of complementary colors and reformed clothing were frequently used by Kimt and other Separatists. This is an instance where fashion design directly influenced art and different branches can reflect the same aesthetic standards within the same time frame.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.17-30
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• 2013

Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) induces massive actin filament thickening at the infection front of infected Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. To determine the mechanisms leading to actin remodeling, fluorescent protein fusions of the BSMV triple gene block (TGB) proteins were coexpressed in cells with the actin marker DsRed: Talin. TGB ectopic expression experiments revealed that TGB3 is a major elicitor of filament thickening, that TGB2 resulted in formation of intermediate DsRed:Talin filaments, and that TGB1 alone had no obvious effects on actin filament structure. Latrunculin B (LatB) treat-ments retarded BSMV cell-to-cell movement, disrupted actin filament organization, and dramatically decreased the proportion of paired TGB3 foci appearing at the cell wall (CW). BSMV infection of transgenic plants tagged with GFP-KDEL exhibited membrane proliferation and vesicle formation that were especially evident around the nucleus. Similar membrane proliferation occurred in plants expressing TGB2 and/or TGB3, and DsRed: Talin fluorescence in these plants colocalized with the ER vesicles. TGB3 also associated with the Golgi apparatus and overlapped with cortical vesicles appearing at the cell periphery. Brefeldin A treatments disrupted Golgi and also altered vesicles at the CW, but failed to interfere with TGB CW localization. Our results indicate that actin cytoskeleton interactions are important in BSMV cell-to-cell movement and for CW localization of TGB3.