• Title/Summary/Keyword: Mouthpart

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Sexual Size Dimorphism of the Mouthpart and Antenna of Cyllorhynchites ursulus in Korea (한국에 서식하는 도토리거위벌레(Cyllorhynchites ursulus) 구기 및 더듬이 길이의 성적이형성 연구)

  • Kim, Ji Young;Kim, Yung Kun;Lee, Yoo Ran;Lee, Eunok
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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    • v.35 no.4
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    • pp.515-520
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    • 2017
  • Sexual dimorphism of the mouthpart, antenna and mandible of the Cyllorhynchites ursulus in South Korea was studied with linear measurements. The mouthpart and antenna measurements were conducted with a stereoscopic microscope using 122 specimens (72 males and 50 females). Microscopic observation of the mandible were conducted with a Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) using 103 specimens (73 males and 30 females). Results showed that the size difference between males and females was significant in the size of the mouthpart and antenna. On the other hand, we could not detect sexual size dimorphism in the microstructure of the mandible. The bivariate plots made by the result of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Discriminant Analysis (DA) showed a size dimorphism in the size of the mouthpart and the antenna between males and females. Based on our study, sexual dimorphism in the mouthpart and antenna exists in C. ursulus from the South Korean population, and this difference seems to be related to the behavioral differences between males and females.

Fine Structure of the Mouthparts in the Ambrosia Beetle Platypus koryoensis(Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Platypodinae)

  • Moon, Myung-Jin;Park, Jong-Gu;Kim, Kyung-Hee
    • Animal cells and systems
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.101-108
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    • 2008
  • Recently, Platypus koryoensis has been reported as a major pest of oak trees in Korea which can introduce the pathogenic fungus(Raffaelea sp.) by making galleries into the heartwood of the tree. As the beetle has developed its effective drilling mouthpart enough to make tunnels, we have analyzed the fine structural aspects of the mouthpart using the field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM) to reveal its mechano-dynamic characteristics. The mouthparts of this ambrosia beetle which consist of a labrum, a pair of mandibles, a pair of maxillae and the labium exhibit typical morphology of mycophagous coleopteran beetles and have those characteristics of chewing mouthparts that can excavate galleries in the hardwood. Both of maxillary and labial palpi have the functions of direct the food to the mouth and hold it while the mandibles chew the food. The distal ends of these palpi are flattened and have shovel-like setae. Females have larger maxillary palpi and a larger gular region than males in general.

The first zoeal stage of Hyastenus elongatus (Ortmann, 1893) (Decapoda, Brachyura, Majidae) (박뿔게 (십각목, 단미류, 물맞이게과)의 제 1 조에아 유생)

  • 고현숙
    • Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 1997
  • The first zoeae of Hyastenus elongatus (Ortmann, 1893) were obtained in thelaboratory from hatching. They are described, illustrated in detail and compared with the previously described zoeae of the subfamily pisinae. The zoeae of H. elongatus are similar to, but may be distinguished from those of Hyastenus diacnathus (De Haan, 1839), by the number of setae on the postero-lateral carapace margin and mouthpart appendages, and the length of a dorsal carapace spine. In the mouthpart appendages, the difference in the number of setae on an endopod of the maillule between H. eleongatus and H. diacanthus is doubtful, and it should be necessary ot make a detailed re-description of H. diacanthus.

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Anatomical observation of the mouthpart of Cyllorhynchites ursulus and comparison with other species (한국산 도토리거위벌레(Cyllorhynchites ursulus) 구기의 해부학적 관찰과 유사종과의 큰턱 비교 연구)

  • Kim, Ji Young;Kim, Yung Kun;Lee, Eunok
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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    • v.37 no.3
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    • pp.343-350
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    • 2019
  • Cyllorhynchites ursulus drills holes in acorn and cuts branches with mandibles. To understand this special behavior, we observed the mouthpart of this species using several microscope methods. The stereoscopic microscope used in this study shows that the adductor tendon is thicker than the abductor tendon which confirms that mandibles exert more force pulling inwards than pushing outwards. Also, the shape and position differences were observed using an optical microscope. We found differences of the shape, position, and movement of mandibles among C. ursulus, Curculio sikkimensis and Paracycnotrachelus longiceps by way of observation using SEM. The width of the adductor tendon and the abductor tendon of males of the C. ursulus species was 32.87 ㎛, and 53.83 ㎛, respectively. And, the width of females was 40.81 ㎛ and 75.55 ㎛, respectively. Based on a variety of observations and analyses, we found that the unusual behavior of C. ursulus is deeply related to the morphological features, and these features could be applied to biomimicry.

Gene Expression of Chironomus riparius Heat Shock Protein 70 and Developmental Retardation Exposure to Salinity (염분 노출에 따른 Chironomus riparius의 성장지연과 Heat shock protein 70 유전자 발현)

  • Kim, Won-Seok;Im, Byeong-Hyeon;Hong, Cheol;Choi, Seung-Won;Park, Kiyun;Kwak, Ihn-Sil
    • Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • v.50 no.3
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    • pp.305-313
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    • 2017
  • We investigate that the impact of freshwater organism exposed to the salinity environment by the frequent rainfall following climate change. To evaluate the stress response following salinity exposure, we assessed the survival rate, molting success rate, the developmental period and mouthpart deformities in Chironomus riparius. In addition, we measured the molecular responses of biomarker gene, gene expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in C. riparius exposed to salinity after 96 hour. The C. riparius survival rates were showed on time dependent manner and not observed survival organisms above 15 psu at day 4. The pupation and emergence of C. riparius were not seen above 15 psu, and the molting success rate was less than 20% at 10 psu. The developmental retardation of C. riparius was well observed in the pupation and emergence period and was delayed by 4 days at 10 psu compared to the control and 5 psu. The mouthpart deformities after salinity exposure at 96 or 72 hour were observed at 10 psu and 15 psu. The expression of C. riparius HSP70 level was significantly increased exposure to 5 psu and 10 psu. Thus, salinity has been caused to be various ecotoxicological and molecular stress responses on freshwater organisms similar to harmful substances such as EDCs and so on.

Morphological Features of the Mouthparts of Silkworm Bombyx mori L. in Relation to the Feeding Responses to Artificial Diet - With Special Reference to Antennae and Maxillae - (누에의 인공사료에 대한 섭식성과 구기의 형태적 특징에 대하여 - 더듬이 및 소시의 형태적 특징을 중심으로 -)

  • Hwang, Seok-Jo;Mah, Young-Il;Sohn, Hae-Ryong
    • Applied Microscopy
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.59-65
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    • 1996
  • The silkworm feeding behaviour reveals two types of feeding response i. e., energetic and inert feeding response to diet. These two new technical terms are being introduced in the present study. The structures of functional organs of mouthpart and antenna of energetic and inert feeding response to diet were examined by scanning electron microscope. There is a big variations in the ultrastructures of different sensilla. The maxillary palpi or sensilla basiconica at the top of maxillary palpus of maxilla are well developed in the energetic larva while in the inert larva, these organs on the right side are extremely deformed. Similarly, these sensilla on the third segment of antenna are well developed in the larva energetic to diet has only two deformed sensilla basiconica, that is why silkworm can not show a proper form. This is related to abnormality and it is due to the fact that behaviour is too strong to select the food but fails and finally dies of the starvation.

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Complete Larval Development of Chiromantes haematocheir (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Grapsidae), with a Key to Seven Sesarminid Zoeas in Korea

  • Oh, Seong-Mi;Chung, Dah-Eun;Ko, Hyun-Sook
    • Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.9-20
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    • 2007
  • The complete larval development of Chiromantes haematocheir was obtained by laboratory rearing. Five zoeal and one megalopal stages are described and illustrated in detail. Morphological characteristics of the larvae slightly differ from those of Lee (1988), especially in the setal presence of mouthpart appendages. Seven sesarminid zoeas (Parasesarma acis, Parasesarma pictum, Perisesarma bidens, Sesarmops intermedius, Chiromantes dehaani, Chiromantes haematocheir, and Nanosesarma gordoni) can be distinguished from each other in characters of the carapace spines, the antennal exopod and the fork of telson. A provisional key is first provided to aid the identification of seven sesarminid zoeas in Korea.

Larval Development of Pavapilumnus trispinosus Sakai, 1965 (Crustacea, Brachvura,Xanthidae) Reared in the Laboratory (세가지부채게(갑각강, 단미목, 부채게과)의 유생발생)

  • 고현숙
    • The Korean Journal of Zoology
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    • v.37 no.3
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    • pp.331-342
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    • 1994
  • The larval development of Parupilumnus trispinosus Sakai, 1965 completed in the laboratory consisted of four zoeal stages and one megalopal stage. Completion of the lanral development required at least 18 days at 20-25"C. The morphology of the lanrae of each stage is described in detail, and comparisons are made with larvae of other 11 species of the subfamily Pilumninae. Although, the zoeae of the subfamily Pilumninae show almost consistent characteristics of the mouthpart appendages, in the characteristics of the carapace spines and the abdominal lateral knobs they can be divided into five groups: (1) the genera Heteropanope and Heteropilumnus, (2) the genera Actumnus and Pilumnus, (3) Pilumnopeus makiona and P sewutifrons, (4) Porupilumnus trispinosus, and (5) Pilumnopeus eucratoides and. p indic${\alpha}$.

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Larval development of Scyra acutifrons (Crustacea: Decapoda: Epialtidae) with a key from the northern Pacific

  • Oh, Seong-Mi;Ko, Hyun-Sook
    • Animal cells and systems
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.333-341
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    • 2010
  • The larvae of Scyra acutifrons are described and illustrated for the first time. The larval stage consists of two zoeal and a megalopal stages. The zoea of S. acutifrons is compared with those of other known species of the Epialtidae from the northern Pacific. The zoea of Scyra acutifrons can be easily distinguished from that of S. compressipes by having a longer rostral carapace spine and an endopod of maxillule with three setae. It is found that the genus Scyra (Pisinae) shows a great similarity to Pisoides bidentatus (Pisinae) and the genus Pugettia (Epialtinae) in the family Epialtidae; especially, S. acutidens coincides well with two Pugettia species (Pugettia incisa and P. gracilis) in the characteristics of the zoeal mouthpart appendages. To facilitate the study of plankton-collected material, a provisional key to the known zoeae of the Epialtidae from the northern Pacific is provided.

The Diet Composition of the Serotine Bat, Eptesicus serotinus Revealed by Faecal Analysis (문둥이박쥐(Eptesicus serotinus)의 배설물을 이용한 먹이원 분석)

  • Chung, Chul-Un;Han, Sang-Hoon;Cha, Jin-Yeol;Kim, Sung-Chul;Kim, Jeong-Jin;Jeong, Jong-Chul;Lim, Chun-Woo
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.29 no.3
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    • pp.368-373
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    • 2015
  • Faecal analysis was carried out to identify the diet composition of Eptesicus serotinus after collecting the faeces from 25 female bats. Five bats were captured at a bridge where a colony of E. serotinous was found in Andong city, Gyeongbuk, every month from May to September 2014. A total of 100 faeces were collected and the parts of insects obtained from the faeces were examined using a high-resolution microscope (50 ${\times}$ binocular microscope) and then the orders of the insects were identified by the characteristics of the parts of the insect (mouthpart, leg, wing, antenna, elytra, etc.). According to the results of the faecal analysis, 4 orders: Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera and Hemiptera were used as food resource of E. serotinus. Coleoptera was found in May, July, August, and September. Interestingly, only Coleoptera were found in May and July. Hemiptera, Diptera, and Hymenoptera were found to be used as food resources in September, June, and August.