• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.36-50
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• 2005

Background and Objectives: Allergic rhinitis is an allergic reaction characterized by sneezingm itchy nose, mouth and throat, congestion and/or nasal discharge. The offending allergenes are usually pollens, molds, dust mites and animal allergen. Recently, the incidence of infectious nasal diseases tend to decrease. However, allergic rhinitis has increased and treatment in most cases has only deat with the symptom. Tongkyu-tang was composed of sixteen crude drugs. The Oriental Medical References mention therapeutic effects of Tongkyu-tang on nasal obstruction, watery nasal discharg. And Tongkyu-tang has clinically been used for the treatment of common cold, headache, sternutation, rhinitis etc. Speacially Tongkyu-tang is one of the most frequently used medical treatment for the allergic rhinitis. Experimental studies were conducted to investigate for the effect of Tongkyu-tang on the changes of neutrophil segment, lymphocyte, total IgE and nassal tissue in allergic rhinitis of ovalbumin-inhalation rat. Meterial and Methods: Fifteen Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three group: normal group, control group, experimental group. To induce the allergic rhinitis in control group and experimental group, rats were sentitized intraperitoneally with 0.1 % ovalbumin solution 3 times at intervals of I week. Then intranasal sensitization was performed by diffusing 0.1 % ovalbumin solution 3 times at intervals of 2 days. After that time, rat in the experimental group were oral administration treated by Tongkyu-tang for 28 days. We observed changes in nasal tissue; changes in the number of white blood cell, red blood cell and total Ig E; also changes in the segment of neutrophil and lymphocyte in blood. And we observed the changes of AST, ALT of three group. We used anova test statistically. Result: The number of leucocyte remained unchanged between three group. The number of erythrocyte was increased in experimental group and control group when compared with the normal group. The segment of neutrophil, in blood was decreased in experimental group when compared with the control group but, that was not significant statistically(p<0.05). The promotion of lymphocyte in blood was significantly decreased in experimental group when compared with the Control group(p<0.05). Total IgE was decreased in experimental group when compared with the control group but, that was not significant statistically(p<0.05). The cilium be well preserved in experimental group: the nasal tissue in experimental group was similar to in the normal group. Congestion and expantion of grandular cell in nasal submucosa, hypertropy of epithelium in nasal mucosa, acid mucus in epithelium and neutral mucus in subepithelium were decreased in experimental group when compared with the control group. Effect of Tongkyu-tang on the liver function were also studies in rats. Treatment of Tongkyu-lang did not affected on AST and ALT. Conclusion: Considering the above experimental results, it is suggested that oral administration treatment using Tongkyu-lang, without worry about liver function injury, decreased response on an Animal model with Allergic Rhinitis.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.490-496
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• 2010

Introduction: This study examined the effect of a conservative neck dissection in patients with head and neck cancer. Materials and Methods: A total of 24 patients, who underwent a conservative neck dissection for the treatment of oral cancer from January 2002 to December 2007, were included. All procedures were performed by one oral and maxillofacial surgeon. The mean age was 58.2 years (range, 19 to 79 years). The medical recordings, pathologic findings, and radiographic findings were evaluated. The mean follow up period was 41.1 months (range, 4 to 88 months). Results: 1. Oral cancer was more common in men than women with a 3:1 ratio. 2. Histopathologically, squamous cell carcinoma(83%) was the most prevalent oral cancer in this study. 3. The most common primary site was the tongue(6 cases, 25%) followed by the mouth floor (5 cases, 21%), buccal mucosa (3 cases, 13%), lower lip, mandible, palate (2 cases, respectively) and salivary gland, retromolar area, oropharynx, alveolus (1 case, each). 4. Three out of the 24 (13%) subjects had a recurrence at the primary sites. 5. Two out of 24 (8%) subjects had a distant metastasis. 6. All 24 patients survived and there were eleven patients who passed 5 years postoperatively. Conclusion: A conservative neck dissection is a reliable and effective method for controlling neck node metastases in patients with oral cancer of the N0 or N1 neck node without serious complications.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.102-108
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• 2004

Orf virus (ORFV), a member of genus Parapoxvirus (family-Poxviridae), a causative agent of contagious ecthyma in sheep and goat leading to a condition commonly known as vesicular dermatitis. Recently, twelve goats from Iksan in Jeonbuk province were observed with clinical signs like necrotic vesicular lesions around the mucosa of mouth, nasal cavity, eye, ear, teats, abdomen and groin. Based on these clinical symptoms, contagious ecthyma infection was suspected. The skin scrapping was collected from lesions for isolation of DNA and subsequent PCR amplification of ORFV specific 235 bp region of B2L gene. All of the samples were found positive by PCR analysis. Sequencing and further phylogenetic analysis of the PCR product revealed 100% identity to Japan isolate of ORFV (Okinawa, GenBank accession number AB080769), and showed 99.6% of similarity to New Zealand strain (NZ-2, GenBank accession number U06671). It was concluded that ORFV strain detected in the present study is homologous to Japan isolate and New Zealand strain. The PCR test based on amplification of B2L gene is a highly useful tools for rapid and specific diagnosis of contagious ecthyma.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.324-331
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• 2010

The radial forearm free flap (RFFF) has become a workhorse flap as a means of reconstructing surgical defects in the head and neck region. We have transferred 12 RFFFs with fasciocutaneous type on oral cavity defects in 12 patients after cancer resection and submucous fibrotic lesion ablation from 2005 to 2007 at Department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, Pusan National University Hospital. We reviewed retrospectively patients' charts and followed up the patients. Clinical analysis on the cases with RFFFs focusing on flap morbidity, indications and available vessels was done. The results of study are follows: 1. RFFF could be applied for all kind of defects after resection of tongue, floor of mouth, buccal mucosa, denuded bone of palate, maxilla, and mandible. 2. All free flaps could be used for primary reconstruction. The survival rate of 12 RFFFs was 92%. Partial marginal loss of the flaps was shown as 3 cases among 12 cases. Large size-vessels like superior thyroid artery, facial artery, internal jugular vein were favorable for microvascular anastomosis. 3. Parenteral nutrition instead of nasal L-tube also can be favorable for postoperative a week for better healing of the flap if the patients couldn't be tolerable with nasal tubing. 4. Donor sites with thigh skin graft were repaired with wrist band for 2 weeks. The complications included scarring, abnormal sensation on hand, and reduced grip strength in few patients, but those didn't induce major side effects. 5. Most RFFFs were well healed even if mortality rate of cancer patients was shown as 50% (5/10 persons). The mortality of patients was not correlated with morbidity of the flaps. We could identify the usefulness of RFFF for restoration of oral function, esthetics if the flap design, tissue transfer indications, and well controlled operation are proceeded.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.182-192
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to validate an experimental model for assessing tissue integration of titanium and zirconia implants with and without buccal dehiscence defects. Methods: In 3 dogs, 5 implants were randomly placed on both sides of the mandibles: 1) Z1: a zirconia implant (modified surface) within the bony housing, 2) Z2: a zirconia implant (standard surface) within the bony housing, 3) T: a titanium implant within the bony housing, 4) Z1_D: a Z1 implant placed with a buccal bone dehiscence defect (3 mm), and 5) T_D: a titanium implant placed with a buccal bone dehiscence defect (3 mm). The healing times were 2 weeks (one side of the mandible) and 6 weeks (the opposite side). Results: The dimensions of the peri-implant soft tissue varied depending on the implant and the healing time. The level of the mucosal margin was located more apically at 6 weeks than at 2 weeks in all groups, except group T. The presence of a buccal dehiscence defect did not result in a decrease in the overall soft tissue dimensions between 2 and 6 weeks ($4.80{\pm}1.31$ and 4.3 mm in group Z1_D, and $4.47{\pm}1.06$ and $4.5{\pm}1.37mm$ in group T_D, respectively). The bone-to-implant contact (BIC) values were highest in group Z1 at both time points ($34.15%{\pm}21.23%$ at 2 weeks, $84.08%{\pm}1.33%$ at 6 weeks). The buccal dehiscence defects in groups Z1_D and T_D showed no further bone loss at 6 weeks compared to 2 weeks. Conclusions: The modified surface of Z1 demonstrated higher BIC values than the surface of Z2. There were minimal differences in the mucosal margin between 2 and 6 weeks in the presence of a dehiscence defect. The present model can serve as a useful tool for studying peri-implant dehiscence defects at the hard and soft tissue levels.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.660-668
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• 2007

We investigated 248 patients who were diagnosed as malignant tumor in the department of Oral and maxillofacial Surgery of Kyungpook National University from 1999 to 2006, and following results were obtained. 1. Among 248 patients who have malignant tumor, 164 were men and 84 were women, which made the ratio of male to female 1.95:1. 2. The average age of oral cancer patients was 58.3. 3. As of the primary origin site, lower alveolus and gingiva were the greatest with 70 cases(28.2%), followed by tongue(l6.9%), upper alveolus and gingiva(14.9%), palate(13.7%), mouth floor(9.7%), buccal mucosa(4.8%), retromolar trigone(4.4%), Mx. & Mn. bone(3.2%) and lip(2.8%). 4. As of histologic distribution, squamous cell carcinoma was the greatest with 170 cases(68.6%), followed by sarcoma with 17 cases(6.9%), adenoid cystic carcinoma with 17 cases(6.9%), malignant lymphoma with 15 cases(6.0%), mucoepidermoid carcinoma with 13 cases(5.2%), metastatic carcinoma with 6 cases(2.4%) and malignant melanoma with 4 cases(1.6%). 5. Period between recognition of the symptom and the first visit to hospital was less than 3 months for 58.9% of the patients, and more than 3 months for 41% of the patients. 6. Investigation of whether the patients drink or smoke revealed that the number of non-smoking and non-drinking patients was 63 among 170 patients(37.0%) that were able to investigate. The number of patients who smoke only was 29(17.1%) and both drinking and smoking patients were 78(45.9%). 7. In clinical stage order, Stage IV(61.7%) was found th be the largest, followed by stage I(17.2%), stage II(13%) and stage III(7.8%). 8. The 5-year survival rate of the entire oral cancer patients appeared to be 57.7%. The survival rate was higher in younger group and women had higher survival rate but there was no statistical significance to this. In the aspect of stage, the survival rate was Stage I, Stage II, Stage IV and Stage III in decreasing order. The order according to T classification was the same. In N classification, patients with N0 had the highest survival rate and the survival rate decreased in the order of N1 and N2. Survival rate was especially low in patients with N2.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.501-505
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• 2004

Dermoid cyst is a developmental cyst that is lined by epidermis-like epithelium and contains dermal adnexal structures in the cyst wall. Dermoid cyst most occur in the eye brow although occasionally develop in other locations such as midline of the floor of the mouth, tongue, lip and buccal mucosa. The lesion is slow growing and painless without lympadenopathy. The contents of the dermoid cyst can be caseous or sebaceous. The size can vary from a few millimeters to 12cm in diameter. Histologically, dermoid cyst is lined by epidermis and adnexaes such as sweat gland, sebaceous glands and hair follicles are present in the cyst wall. The 2-year-old female of this case visited Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University with a chief complaint of the emergence of mass on her upper lip. An excisional biopsy was carried out for a histological examination and sebaceous gland was observed in the cyst wall. The lesion was diagnosed as dermoid cyst. Dermoid cyst does not recur if complete excision is accomplished.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.207-215
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• 1998

Just after hatching the embryo has a yolk sac and straighted digestive tract. Just after parturition in 5.0mm TL the mouth and anus were opened. In the larval stage of 5.2mm TL, digestive tract could be divided into pharynx, esophagus, stomach, pyloric caeca and intestine of the early differentiated state. The esophagus of larvae in 5.3mm TL has a PAS positive mucous cell. From over 5.7mm TL, PAS positive goblet cell recognized in the intestine. PAS positive absorptive cell began to appear in the intestine from 5.9mm TL. Yolky materials were absorbed completely in 6.0mm TL. In the larvae of B.5mm TL, gastric glands were observed in the mucosa, but the surface epithelium did not have PAS positive granules. From over 9.0mm TL, the histological structure of esophagus showed similar to adult. In the juvenile stage from 13.0mm to 15.0mm TL, histological structure of the stomach, pyloric caeca and intestine showed similar to adult. From the ultrastructural and histochemical study, it is concluded that the functional digestive tract is present in the juvenile stage from 18.0mm to 20.0mm TL.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.151-156
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• 2006

Purpose : The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of clinical and radiologic assessments in detecting positive cervical lymph nodes in oral cancer. Materials and Methods : We had reviewed the preoperative clinical, radiologic and postoperative histopathologic reports of 46 patients who had been diagnosed as oral cancer and underwent surgical excision combined with neck dissection (52 sides of neck) in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University from the July 1, 1992 to the April 30, 1999. Results : The results were as follows 1. The male to female ratio was 4.38 : 1 and the mean age was 57. 2. Sensitivity values for the preoperative assessment of cervical lymph node metastasis in oral cancer were 62.5 % in clinical examination and 50.0 % in radiologic assessments. Specificity values were 77.8 % in clinical examination and 94.4 % in radiologic assessments. 3. False positive values were 44.4 % in clinical examination and 20.0 % in radiologic assessments. False negative values were 17.6 % in clinical and 19.0% in radiologic assessments. 4. Overall efficiency values were 73.1 % in clinical examination and 80.8 % in radiologic assessments. Summary : There were some limits on the accuracy of clinical and radiologic assessments in the preoperative detection of the cervical lymph nodes in oral cancer. To improve the accuracy, it is important to communicate between clinician and radiologist, and adjunctive diagnostic measures, ultrasound and fine needle aspiration cytology, were helpful increasing the overall efficiency. In the high risk sites (oral tongue and floor of the mouth) the false negative value is higher and the overall efficiency in radiologic evaluation is lower than those of the low risk sites (gingiva and alveolar ridge, retromolar trigone and buccal mucosa ). The elective neck dissection should be considered in the high risk sites.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.139-145
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• 2006

Ranula is a mucocele which occurs at the mouth floor and is mostly related to sublingual gland. In other words ranula is definded as a pseudocyst which occurs as the secretion duct of sublingual gland is destructed there as the saliva from the secretion duct flows out and retention in the soft tissue. The cause of ranula is destruction or obstruction of the duct. The clinical findings of ranula is a painless, unilateral bluish transparent swelling around the frenum and shows fluctuation when palpated. Histological finding represent a formation of cavity inside the connective tissue, but a pseudo-cyst can be seen which the wall of the cyst is composed of granulation tissue rather than epithelial cells. The first treatment of ranula can be considered as marsupialization. which induces the inner wall of the Ranula to be a part of oral mucosa. This case report shows a treatment of marsupialization with gauze packing in a young patient representing a clinical finding of characteristic ranula.