• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.532-537
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• 2008

In order to investigate the factors affecting the culture of mouse preantral follicles in vitro, we examined the effect of culture media, protein supplements, and culture period on their growth. The oocyte diameter (initial size: $55.6{\pm}2.5{\mu}m$) was progressively increased during culture, and the maximum size ($72.0{\pm}2.4{\mu}m$) was reached on day 10 of the in vitro culture. The chromatin configuration in the germinal vesicle (GV) oocyte progressively shifted from a non-surrounded nucleolus (NSN) to a surrounded nucleolus (SN). On day 10 of the culture, most of the oocytes progressed to the SN pattern. The survival and metaphase II rates of the oocytes in alpha-minimal essential medium (alpha-MEM) were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those in Waymouth and tissue culture medium (TCM)-199. As a protein source, fetal bovine serum (FBS) was more suitable for the culture of mouse preantral follicles as compared to human follicular fluid (hFF) and bovine serum albumin (BSA); the optimal concentration of FBS was 5%. These results suggest that in a culture of mouse preantral follicles, alpha-MEM and 5% FBS are an optimal medium and a protein source, respectively; further, the 10 days of culture is required for the complete growth of oocytes in this culture system.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1981

면역학적인 방법을 사용하여 가돈 여포액내의 특이단백질의 존재여부와 이들을 추출하여 난자성숙에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과 다음과 같았다. 1. 가돈 혈청 및 혈장에는 존재하지 않는 면역학적으로 특이한 두 단백질이 가돈 여포액내에서 검출되었다. 2. 이들 두 단백질은 전기영동적으로 각각 fast alpha-I globulin 과 beta-globulin 의 이동성을 나타냈다. 3. 이들 두 단백질은 생쥐 여포난자의 성숙을 억제시켰다. 본 실험의 결과로 미루어 가돈 여포액내에는 난자성숙을 억제시키는 특이단백질이 존재하는 것으로 사료된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.15-29
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• 1992

In the present study, it was aimed to find the role of calcium on the maturation of mouse follicular oocytes as well as for the role of calcium inhibitors, $Ni^{2+}$ and $La^{3+}$. Mouse follicular oocytes were cultivated in different media at $37^{\circ}C$, in 100% humidified $CO_2$ incubator for 3 and 17 hrs. The results were as follows; 1. There was no differences in GVBD between the control and experimental groups during the 3 hr culture. 2. Mouse oocytes were matured to higher rate in MHBS rather than HTF for 17 hr culture. 3. Maturation rate was significantly lower in $Ca^{2+}$-free and $Ca^{2+}$ 0.4 mM which were tested, compared to other calcium concentration used in the present study. 4. Calcium inhibitor, $Ni^{2+}$, it showed highest degeneration rate at all calcium concentrations and additionally in $Ni^{2+}$ $100{\mu}M$ treated group next. Maturation rate was significantly decrease as the $Ca^{2+}$ inhibitor concentration increased. 5. In all Lanthanum treated groups of calcium-free, degeneration were significantly high treated groups at 0.4 mM $Ca^{2+}$ concentrations degeneration rates of all group were significantly lower than that of the control but maturation rates were not significantly different in any group. In lanthanum $100{\mu}M$ treated group at 0.4 mM and 0.8 mM calcium concentration, its maturation rate was significantly higher than that of the control. Maturation rates of all groups of lanthanum treated at 1.71 mM calcium concentration were not significantly different among groups. 6. In the calcium treated group (0.4mM-1.7 mM), the presence of phosphate does not seem to be needed for oocyte maturation. However, the presence of phosphate at $Ca^{2+}$ 0.8 mM only seems to stimulated maturation.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.157-160
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• 1993

The human follicular f1uids(F.F.) may be considered to contribute the maturation of the oocytes on the in vitro culture. To investigate the effects of epidermal growth factor (E.G.F.), which is present in mature and immature follicular fluids, we had experiments of mouse oocytes maturation in vitro. The endpoints assayed were rated as percentage of oocytes undergoing germinal vesicle breakdown(G.V.B.D.) and polar body(P.B.) formation at 12 hours after in vitro culture. The rates of G.B.B.D. were 87% in mature F.F. 68% in immature F.F. and 78% in Ham's F-10 medium respectively. And overall the mature F.F. seem to stimulate on in vitro oocyte maturation compared with either immature F.F. or Ham's F-10 medium. As the concentration of addition of E.G.F. in immature F.F., the rates of G.V.B.D. and P.B. formation were 82 %, 23% in addition with 2 ng/ml while 84%, 32% in addition with 4 ng/ml respectivly. And at the concentration of addition of E.G.F. in Ham's F-10 media as well, the rates of G.V.B.D. and P.B. formation were 84%, 40% and 82%, 44% in addition with each 2ng, 4ng. AccordinglY there was no influence on the oocytes maturation at the addition of E.G.F. to each immature F.F. and Ham's F-10 medium. In conclusion, the E.G.F. is not able to induce oocyte maturation independent of it's effects in immature F.F. and Ham's F-10 media.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.255-260
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to assess follicular viability and competence through in vitro culture of preantral follicles isolated from vitrified mouse whole ovaries. Mouse preantral follicles were enzymatically isolated from vitrified- warmed and fresh ovaries and cultured for 10 days followed by in vitro oocyte maturation. In vitro matured oocytes were fertilized and cultured to the blastocyst stage. Five minutes pre-exposure to vitrification solution of whole ovaries had significantly higher (p<0.05) oocyte survival and maturation rates than between 10 min exposure groups. Oocyte diameter was significantly smaller (p<0.05) in the 5 and 10 min exposure groups ($69.4{\pm}2.8$ and $67.8{\pm}3.1$) when compared to that of control group ($71.7{\pm}2.1$). There was no statistical significant difference in blastocyst development rates between vitrification group (8.6%) and the fresh control group (12.0%). The mean number of cells per blastocyst was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the vitrification group ($41.9{\pm}20.2$) than in the fresh control group ($55.1{\pm}22.5$). The results show that mouse oocytes within preantral follicles isolated from the vitrified whole ovaries can achieve full maturation, normal fertilization and embryo development.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.205-211
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• 2019

In this study, we investigated the possibility of using mouse embryonic stem cell conditioned medium (ESCM) and embryonic stem cell medium (ESM) for in vitro maturation in the efficient in vitro production of blastocysts from porcine follicular oocyte. Depending on the concentration of supplement of ESCM added to the NCSU-23 solution did not affect 2-cell development rates and blastocysts development. However, in particular, the survival rate (10 days of culture) of blastocyst was significantly higher than that of the control group as the additive concentration (30%) increased (p < 0.05). The survival rate of blastocysts showed a similar tendency even with addition of ESM (30%) alone. On the other hand, the duration of the addition of these additives during IVM (0-44 h) was that the IVM I period (0-22 h) were more effective than the IVM II period (22-44 h). Thus, the effect of these additives is probably due to the combination of the various physiologically active substances of ESCM or the appropriate amino acids and vitamins of ESM. In particular, these additives were more effective during the first half (IVM I) of in vitro maturation. In summary, optimization of ESCM or ESM supplementation may improve in vitro maturation of porcine oocyte and affect developmental competency. Therefore, if more efficient methods of adding ESCM or ESM to basal culture medium can be developed during in vitro maturation of porcine follicle oocytes, high quality blastocysts will be developed from low porcine follicular oocyte compared to other domestic animals.

• 한국발생생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국발생생물학회 2002년도 전기 제14차 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.44-44
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• 2002

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 1992

In viro fertilizatin is very important in both human clinical practice and animal breeding. However, the success rate of in vitro fertilization is not high. The purpose of this study ws to determine wheter in the vitro fertilization and culture of porcine oocyte using a hydrogel chamber were possible or not. Hydrogel chambers were made of polymerized 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate. Matured follicular oocytes in Waymouth's medium and T L Hepes medium, tubal oocytes, and preincubated sperm in M199 medium were treansferred into the lumen of the hydrogel chambers. The chambers containing porcine oocytes and spermatozoa implanted into the mouse peritioneal cavity, and ova were examined after the recovery of the chambers at 84 hours after preservation start. The result was shown that fertilization and culture of porcine oocytes were successfully achieved inside of the hydrogel chamber.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.263-272
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• 2007

생쥐의 난자는 특별한 첨가물이나 난구세포 없이 체외 배양해도 성숙율이 높은 반면 돼지 난자의 체외성숙율은 매우 낮다. 본 연구는 이러한 차이의 원인을 연구하기 위하여 생쥐와 돼지 난자의 에너지 생성에 관여하는 유전자인 malate dehydrogenase(Mor2)의 기능을 RNAi를 이용하여 비교 분석하였다. 생쥐와 돼지 각각의 Mor2 double-stranded RNA(dsRNA)를 제작하고, 생쥐는 난구세포를 제거한 미성숙(GV) 난자의 세포질에 mMor2 dsRNA를 미세 주입한 후 16시간 동안 배양하였고, 돼지는 난구세포를 제거하거나(DO) 혹은 그대로인 상태(COCs)로 pMor2 dsRNA를 미세 주입한 후 48시간 동안 배양하였다. 사용한 배양액은 M199에 10%의 porcine follicular fluid, pyruvate, p-FSH, EGF, cystein, estradiol-$17{\beta}$ 등이 첨가된 배양액을 사용하였고, 배양 후 난자의 형태학적 변화를 관찰하고, Mor2 mRNA양의 변화를 RT-PCR로 확인하여 RNAi 결과, 염기서열 특이적으로 Mor2 발현이 억제됨을 확인하였다. 돼지 난자의 pMor2 RNAi 결과, DO 난자에서는 약 58%의 난자가 MI에서 성숙이 억제되었으나, COCs에선 84.4%가 MII로 성숙하는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 이는 돼지의 난구세포가 난자 성숙에 매우 중요하며, 특히 malate 공급에 관여할 것임을 시사한다. 선행 연구 Mor2 RNAi 결과, 생쥐는 GV에서, 본 연구에서 돼지는 MI에서 성숙이 정지되었기 때문에 이러한 차이가 배양액의 차이인지 다시 mMor2 RNAi 후 생쥐 난자를 M199 배양액에 16시간 동안 배양한 후 성숙율을 관찰하였더니 MII로의 성숙율은 62%로 대조군과 비교하여 큰 차이가 없었다(non-injected: 76.8%, buffer-injected: 73.3%). 이는 mMor2 RNAi 결과가 배양액의 조성에 의해 극복될 수 있음을 보여준 결과다. 생쥐와 돼지에서 서로 다른 대사과정을 갖고 있음은 바로 이 두 종에서의 체외성숙율 차이의 원인이 될 수 있을 것이며, 앞으로 두 종에서의 난자와 난구세포간의 상호작용 및 대사 경로 등에 관한 심도 깊은 비교 분석 연구를 통하여 돼지의 체외성숙율을 증가시킬 수 있는 배양 시스템의 개발이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국수정란이식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수정란이식학회 2002년도 국제심포지엄
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• pp.113-113
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• 2002

The stimulatory effect of EGF and FSH on oocyte maturation have been reported in various mammalian species. And some reports presented FSH enhanced the effect of EGF on oocyte maturation. But, the interaction between EGF and FSH on nuclear maturation of mammalian oocytes is not fully understood. We observed the effect of EGF and FSH on nuclear maturation during in vitro maturation of mouse oocytes. Also, we examined the interaction between EGF and FSH on nuclear maturation of mouse oocytes using the EGFR inhibitor or FSH inhibitor. Germinal vesicle (GV) stage oocytes were obtained from 3-4weeks PMSG primed BCFI hybrid mice and cultured in TCM-199 medium with 0.4%PVP supplemented with/without EGF (1ng/ml), FSH (1ug/ml), EGFR specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors: Tyrphostin AG 1478 (500nM), MAP kinase kinase inhibitor : U0126 (20uM) or PD 98059 (100uM) for 14-l5hr. Rapid staining method were used for the assessment of nuclear maturation. Nuclear maturation rates of EGF indjor FSH-treated group were significantly higher than those of control group. Treatment of EGFR inhibitor significantly block the nuclear maturation of GV oocyte in EGF-treated group, but it did not block those of GV oocyte in FSH-treated or FSH and EGF-treated group. Treatment of FSH inhibitor(U0126, PD98059) significantly block the nuclear maturation of EGF-treated group, FSH-treated and FSH and EGF-treated group. These results show that EGF has a stimulatory effect as well as different action pathway with FSH on in-vitro maturation of mouse oocyte in vitro. Therefore, further studies will be needed to find the signaling pathway of EGF associated with nuclear maturation.