• 대한지리학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.173-183
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 시베리아 고기압의 확장시 호남 지방의 강설 분포와 강설 패턴의 지역성을 파악하기 위해 호남 지방의 15개 기상관측지점의 일강설량 및 구름 자료를 분석하였다. 호남 지방의 강설은 시베리아 고기압에 의한 것이 대부분으로 북서 계절풍에 직접적으로 노출된 서해안과 노령 산맥의 서사면은 강설이 많고, 노령 산맥의 풍하측인 남해안으로 갈수록 적어진다. 특히, 노령 산맥의 서사면 지역에서는 지형적 특색에 따라 강설 분포의 패턴이 다양하여. 해안에 위치한 군산은 강설이 많고 내륙 평야에서 강설이 감소하는 경향을 보인다 한편 내륙으로 기류가 이동하여 산지를 만나면 강제 상승하게 되어 다시 강설이 증가한다. 일반적으로 적운형 구름의 출현 빈도가 높은 지역에서 강설이 많은데, 적운형 구름은 내륙 산지, 해안, 그리고 내륙 평야 순이며, 강설 강도 또한 내륙 산지, 해안, 내륙 평야 순으로 강하다. 특히, 정읍의 경우 배후에 노령 산맥이 가까이 있고 북서 계절풍에 대해 정면으로 노출되어 강설 강도가 가장 강하게 나타난다. 따라서, 호남 지방의 강설은 해안 지역에서의 바다효과에 의한 강설과 내륙 산간 지역에서의 지형 효과에 의한 강설로 구분할 수 있다.

• 한국환경과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경과학회 2003년도 International Symposium on Clean Environment
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• pp.89-94
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• 2003

The formation of a severe snow storm occurred in the mountainous coastal region near Mt. Taegualyang and Kangnung city in the eastern part of Korea was investigate from 0900LST, December 7 through 9, 2002, using MM5 model. As synoptic scale easterly wind induced a great amount of moisture from the East Sea into the inland coastal region and sea-breeze further induced more moisture from the basin toward the top of the mountain side. The lifted moisture toward the mountain top was cooled down along the eastern slope of the mountain and near the mid of the mountain the moisture was much cooled down with relative humidity of 100％ under the air temperature below $O^{\circ}C$, resulting in the formation of snow. Relative humidity of 100％ generally occurred at the 5km away from the coast toward the inland mountain and the band of 100％ RH was parallel to the coastal line. The 100％ band coincided with minimum air temperature band and line.

• 기술사
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.21-24
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• 2010

The development of the mountain areas is the economic solution to the forest-mountain region that is becoming more hollw by the day. It can also be said as providing a rest area for those that live in the cities who long for their child-hood memories. This development will bring the vitalization of the regional economy and the balanced development of the national land planning. In order to bring the continuous development of the mountain areas, educating a dedicated professional forest-mountain expert is a must.

• 한국지형학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2018

In Korea, 64% of the land is known as mountain area, but the definition and classification standard of mountain are not clear. Demand for utilization and development of mountain area is increasing. In this situation, the unclear definition and scope of the mountain area can lead to the destruction of the mountain and the increase of disasters due to indiscreet permission of forestland use conversion. Therefore, this study analyzed the variables and criteria that can extract the mountain boundaries through the questionnaire survey and the terrain analysis. We developed a mountain boundary extraction algorithm that can classify topographic mountain by using selected variables. As a result, 72.1% of the total land was analyzed as mountain area. For the three catchment areas with different mountain area ratio, we compared the results with the existing data such as forestland map and cadastral map. We confirmed the differences in boundary and distribution of mountain. In a catchment area with predominantly mountainous area, the algorithmbased mountain classification results were judged to be wider than the mountain or forest of the two maps. On the other hand, in the basin where the non-mountainous region predominated, algorithm-based results yielded a lower mountain area ratio than the other two maps. In the two maps, we was able to confirm the distribution of fragmented mountains. However, these areas were classified as non-mountain areas in algorithm-based results. We concluded that this result occurred because of the algorithm, so it is necessary to refine and elaborate the algorithm afterward. Nevertheless, this algorithm can analyze the topographic variables and the optimal value by watershed that can distinguish the mountain area. The results of this study are significant in that the mountain boundaries were extracted considering the characteristics of different mountain topography by region. This study will help establish policies for stable mountain management.

• 대기
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.231-240
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• 2007

The flow regimes of continuously stratified flow over a double mountain and the effects of a double mountain on wave breaking, upstream blocking, and severe downslope windstorms are investigated using a mesoscale numerical model (ARPS). According to the occurrence or non-occurrence of wave breaking and upstream blocking, three different flow regimes are identified over a double mountain. Higher critical Froude numbers are required for wave breaking and upstream blocking initiation for a double mountain than for an isolated mountain. This means that the nonlinearity and blocking effect for a double mountain is larger than that for an isolated mountain. As the separation distance between two mountains decreases, the degree of flow nonlinearity increases, while the blocking effect decreases. A rapid increase of the surface horizontal velocity downwind of each mountain near the critical mountain height for wave breaking initiation indicates that severe downslope windstorms are enhanced by wave breaking. For the flow with wave breaking, the numerically calculated surface drag is much larger than theoretically calculated one because the region with the maximum negative perturbation pressure moves from the top to the downwind slope of each mountain as the internal jump propagating downwind occurs.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2012

Mountain Aerodromes are aerodromes with special characteristics, provided in mountains for the needs of air transport operations. Mountain Aerodromes are approved for restricted use and are reserved for pilots and aircrafts special requirement. In this study, we surveyed the operating system and the characteristics of the Mountain Aerodromes in the ski stations of the French Alps mountainous region. We introduced the necessity and the relevant regulations for Mountain Aerodromes in Korea.

• 대기
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.125-139
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• 2006

Precipitation forecasts from MM5 have been verified for the period 1989-2001 over Yeongdong region to show a tendency of model forecast. We select 57 events which are related with the heavy snowfall in Yeongdong region. They are classified into three precipitation types; mountain type, cold-coastal type, and warm type. The threat score (TS), the probability of detection (POD), and the false-alarm rate (FAR) are computed for categorical verification and the mean squared error (MSE) is also computed for scalar accuracy measures. In the case of POD, warm, mountain, and cold-coastal precipitation type are 0.71, 0.69, and 0.55 in turn, respectively. In aspect of quantitative verification, mountain and cold-coastal type are relatively well matched between forecasts and observations, while for warm type MM5 tends to overestimate precipitation. There are 12 events for the POD below 0.2, mountain, cold-coastal, warm type are 2, 7, 3 events, respectively. Most of their precipitation are distributed over the East Sea nearby Yeongdong region. These events are also shown when there are no or very weak easterlies in the lower troposphere. Even in the case that we use high resolution sea surface temperature (about 18 km) for the boundary condition, there are not much changes in the wind direction to compare that with low resolution sea surface temperature (about 100 km).

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.22-32
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to analyze characteristics of prospect from the mountain pass by investigating relations between the type of mountain pass and object overlooked from the mountain pass. For the purpose, this researcher selected and surveyed 44 mountain passes located in Busan, except in Gangseo-gu lesion. According to their locational characteristics, the mountain passes were classified into three types, 'sanmok'(formed between mountain peaks), 'sanheori'(formed on the mountainside) and 'sanmaru'(formed at the tip of the mountain peak). Out of the total 44 mountain passes, 22 were 'sanheori' in type. In the same type, mountain passes mostly had a prospect providing the overlap of downtown and mountain areas. The researcher examined the sight distance and dip of object to be viewed from the mountain pass, determining relations between the object and the mountain pass. When overlooked from mountain passes in Busan, most objects are distributed between $-3^{\circ}\;and\;-1^{\circ}$ in an angle of depression within the sight distance from 0.5km to 14km. Mountain passes are valuable as a post that is very important in prospecting scenes. But they are now in crisis. They are being gradually disappeared because of development projects. Finally, the researcher hopes that the study makes recognizing the value of the mountain pass and contributes to preserve the mountain pass as an important post of view point when its region is later developed.

• 대기
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.395-404
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• 2021

In order to investigate downslope windstorm by using more detailed observation, we observed 6 cases at 3 sites - Inje, Yongpyeong, and Bukgangneung - during "3-D Meteorological Observation Project in Yeongdong region of Gangwon province, South Korea in 2020." The results from analysis of the project data were as follows. First, AWS data showed that a subsidence inversion layer appeared in 800~700 hPa on the windward side and 900~850 hPa on the leeward side. Second, before strong wind occurred, the inversion layer had descended to about 880~800 hPa. Third, with mountain wave breaking, downslope wind was intensified at the height of 2~3 km above sea level. After the downslope wind began to descend, the subsidence inversion layer developed. When the subsidence inversion layer got close to the ground, wind peak occurred. In general, UM (Unified Model) GDAPS (Global Data Assimilation Prediction System) have had negative bias in wind speed around peak area of Taebaek mountain range, and positive bias in that of East Sea coast area. The stronger wind blew, the larger the gap between observed and predicted wind speed by GDAPS became. GDAPS predicted strong p-velocity at 0600 LST 25 Apr 2020 (4^th case) and weak p-velocity at 2100 LST 01 Jun 2020 (6^th case) on the lee-side of Taebaek mountain range near Yangyang. As hydraulic jump theory was proved, which is known as a mechanism of downslope windstorm in Yeongdong region, it was confirmed that there is a relationship between p-velocity of lee-side and wind speed of eastern slope of Taebaek mountain range.

• 대기
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.377-394
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• 2021

The recent largest forest fire in the Yeongdong region, Goseung/Okgae fires of 2019 occurred during YangGang wind event. The wind can be locally gusty and extremely dry, particularly in the complex terrain of Yeongdong. These winds can cause and/or rapidly spread wildfires, the threat of which is serious during the dry spring season. This study examines the spatial variability of the surface wind and its coupling with the upper atmospheric wind using the data during the IOP of the Gangwon Yeongdong Wind Experiments (G-WEX) conducted in 2020 and the data during YangGang wind event on 4~5 April 2019. In the case of IOPs, strong wind at the surface with a constant wind direction appears in the mountain area, and weak wind with large variability in wind direction appears from foothill to the coast in the vicinity of Gangneung region. However, in the 2019 event, strong wind at the surface with a constant wind direction appears in the entire region from the mountain to the coast, even with the stronger wind in the coast than in some part of the mountain area. The characteristics of the upper atmospheric wind related with the spatial distribution of surface wind show that during IOPs of G-WEX, a strong downdraft exists near the mountaintop in the level of about 1 to 4 km. However, in the 2019 event a strong downdraft is reinforced, when its location moves toward the coast and descends close to the ground. These downdrafts are generated by the breaking of mountain waves.