• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.1232-1243
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• 2000

Motor vehicle accidents in rear impacts cause more than fifty percents of drivers to suffer from neck injuries. It is known that most neck injuries are associated with rear-end collisions at a speed lower than 32 km/h and between the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) 1 and AIS 2. Two different types of low speed crash tests such as the frontal barrier and rear moving barrier crashes have been conducted by following the procedure of the Research Committee for Automobile Repairs (RCAR). The injury for the neck and the Head Injury Criteria (HIC) were measured by using the sensors mounted on dummies. We reviewed neck injures and the relationship between the neck and head injuries, and examined the deceleration of the body. Using the experimental test data at the neck, we investigated an improved neck injury criterion Nij. Also, the effects of the position of a head restraint on reducing the frequency and severity of the neck injury in rear-end collisions were investigated.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2010년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.200-202
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• 2010

산업의 발전과 경제성장을 이루면서 대한민국의 자동차 등록수는 매년 꾸준한 증가세를 보이고 있다. 이와 더불어 자동차 사고 또한 급격히 증가하고 있다. 그러나 자동차 충돌 사고에서 빈번히 발생되는 운전자의 의식불명에 따른 초기 응급조치의 미흡, 뺑소니 또는 사고 후 방치되는 상황을 방지하기 위해 차량용 사고감지 시스템이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 교통사고 발생 후 빠른 발생되는 환자의 응급 후송 및 2차 교통사고를 방지하기 위한 시스템의 필요성에 따라 사고감지모듈을 이용하여, 기존 블랙박스보다 민감하고 요즘 급격한 보급률을 보이는 아이폰을 이용하여 사고 통보시스템을 설계 및 구현하였다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.2423-2428
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• 2010

현대 사회는 기술의 발전에 따라 다양한 분야에서 급격히 발전을 이루고 있으며, 자동치 또한 예외가 아니다. 또한 자동차의 수가 늘어가면서 그에 따라 문제점도 많이 발생하고 있는데, 자동차 개체수의 증가와 더불어 가장 큰 문제는 자동차 사고로 인한 재산 및 인명피해가 급격하게 증가하는 것이다. 자동차 사고 시 빈번하게 발생하고 있는 운전자의 의식불명에 따른 초기 응급조치 미흡, 뺑소니 등으로 발생하는 2차 교통사고를 방지하기 위해 블랙박스 기반의 차량용 응급상황 감지 및 통보시스템이 필요하게 되었다. 본 논문에서는 사고감지, 정보분석 및 정보운용기술을 바탕으로 기존의 블랙박스보다 차량상황 감지의 정확성을 높였으며, 현재 높은 보급률을 보이는 스마트폰을 이용한 응급상황 감지 및 통보시스템을 설계 및 구현하였다.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.48-59
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• 2024

Purpose: Research on rib fracture management has exponentially increased. Predicting fracture patterns based on the mechanism of injury (MOI) and other possible correlations may improve resource allocation and injury prevention strategies. The Chest Injury International Database (CIID) is the largest prospective repository of the operative and nonoperative management of patients with severe chest wall trauma. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the MOI is associated with the resulting rib fracture patterns. We hypothesized that specific MOIs would be associated with distinct rib fracture patterns. Methods: The CIID was queried to analyze fracture patterns based on the MOI. Patients were stratified by MOI: falls, motor vehicle collisions (MVCs), motorcycle collisions (MCCs), automobile-pedestrian collisions, and bicycle collisions. Fracture locations, associated injuries, and patient-specific variables were recorded. Heat maps were created to display the fracture incidence by rib location. Results: The study cohort consisted of 1,121 patients with a median RibScore of 2 (range, 0-3) and 9,353 fractures. The average age was 57±20 years, and 64% of patients were male. By MOI, the number of patients and fractures were as follows: falls (474 patients, 3,360 fractures), MVCs (353 patients, 3,268 fractures), MCCs (165 patients, 1,505 fractures), automobile-pedestrian collisions (70 patients, 713 fractures), and bicycle collisions (59 patients, 507 fractures). The most commonly injured rib was the sixth rib, and the most common fracture location was lateral. Statistically significant differences in the location and patterns of fractures were identified comparing each MOI, except for MCCs versus bicycle collisions. Conclusions: Different mechanisms of injury result in distinct rib fracture patterns. These different patterns should be considered in the workup and management of patients with thoracic injuries. Given these significant differences, future studies should account for both fracture location and the MOI to better define what populations benefit from surgical versus nonoperative management.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.89-98
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• 2013

Purpose: The assessment of trauma patients in the prehospital setting is difficult, but appropriate field triage is critical to the prognosis of trauma patients. We sought to evaluate the triage given by the emergency medical technicians (EMTs) using the trauma score to patients injured in motor vehicle collisions (MVCs). Methods: From June 2012 to July 2012, questionnaires were distributed to EMTs, who had transported injured patients to the study hospital. Scene records, photos of the damaged vehicle, and ambulance run sheets were used to provide physiologic, physical, and mechanistic information about the MVC. To evaluate the appropriateness of the injury assessment by EMTs, we compared their impressions with the hospital's final diagnosis within a 3 level triage system comprising both the maximum abbreviated injury scale (MAIS) and the injury severity score (ISS). Kappa (k) was calculated to evaluate the agreement between the triage by EMTs and the triage based on hospital's final diagnosis. Results: A total of 91 patients were analyzed by 31 EMTs. The percentage of males was 57.1%, the mean age was 44.5, and the mean MAIS and ISS were 2.7 and 16.6 respectively. While EMTs correctly diagnosed patient injuries to the extremities in 35.7%, and to the neck in 32.1%, pelvic injuries were missed in 80.0%. The agreement between the triage by the EMTs and the triage based on the hospital's final diagnosis was 62.6%(k=0.366) by the MAIS and 50.5%(k=0.234) by the ISS. The kappa value was higher in EMT-I than in EMT-II. Conclusion: In MVC, the assessment of injured patients by EMT-I was more appropriate, and the 3-level triage method based on the MAIS could contribute to a more accurate triage. Prospective studies to search for appropriate methods of field triage are required for programming practical education for EMTs.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2024

Purpose: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is prevalent and is associated with protracted recovery and worse outcomes after injury. This study compared PTSD prevalence using the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) with the prevalence of PTSD risk using the Injured Trauma Survivor Screen (ITSS). Methods: Adult trauma patients at a level I trauma center were screened with the PCL-5 (sample 1) at follow-up visits or using the ITSS as inpatients (sample 2). Results: Sample 1 (n=285) had significantly fewer patients with gunshot wounds than sample 2 (n=45) (8.1% vs. 22.2%, P=0.003), nonsignificantly fewer patients with a fall from a height (17.2% vs. 28.9%, P=0.06), and similar numbers of patients with motor vehicle collision (40.7% vs. 37.8%, P=0.07). Screening was performed at a mean of 154 days following injury for sample 1 versus 7.1 days in sample 2. The mean age of the patients in sample 1 was 45.4 years, and the mean age of those in sample 2 was 46.1 years. The two samples had similar proportions of female patients (38.2% vs. 40.0%, P=0.80). The positive screening rate was 18.9% in sample 1 and 40.0% in sample 2 (P=0.001). For specific mechanisms, the positive rates were as follows: motor vehicle collisions, 17.2% in sample 1 and 17.6% in sample 2 (P>0.999); fall from height, 12.2% in sample 1 and 30.8% in sample 2 (P=0.20); and gunshot wounds, 39.1% in sample 1 and 80.0% in sample 2 (P=0.06). Conclusions: The ITSS was obtained earlier than PCL-5 and may identify PTSD in more orthopedic trauma patients. Differences in the frequency of PTSD may also be related to the screening tool itself, or underlying patient risk factors, such as mechanism of injury, or mental or social health.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2023

On December 19, 2015, as Article 29-3 (Installation of Accident Recording Devices and Provision of Information) of Motor Vehicle Management Act came into force, In Korea, the EDR (Event Data Recorder) reports are often used for the analysis of various traffic accident cases such as multiple collisions, traffic insurance crimes, and sudden unintended acceleration (SUA), and the others. So many investigators have analyzed the driver's behavior and vehicle situation by comparing the time zero in the EDR report to the actual crash time in dash-cam (or CCTV). Time zero (T0) is defined as the reference time for the record interval or time interval when recording an accident in Article 56-2, Enforcement rule of Performance and Standard for Automobile and Automotive parts. Also in the EDR report, time zero (T0) is defined as whichever of the following occurs first; 1. "wake-up" by an air-bag control system, 2. Continuously running algorithms (by monitoring of longitudinal or lateral delta-V), 3. Deployment of a non-reversible deployment restraint. We have already proposed the "Flowchart & Checklist" to adopt the EDR report for traffic accident investigation and the necessity of specialized institutions or courses to systematically educate or analyze the EDR data. Therefore, in this paper, we report to traffic accident investigators notable points and analysis methods based on some real-world traffic accidents that can be misjudged in specifying time zero (T0).

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.139-143
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• 2010

자동차 충돌에 의하여 편타성 손상이 일어나게 되는데, 대부분 경추부분에서 발생한다. 이러한 편타성손상의 메카니즘은 아직까지 명확히 밝혀지지 않고 있다. 본 논문에서는 다물체 경추에 근육을 부착한 모델을 만들고, 부착된 근육에 follower load 개념에 근거한 최적화방법을 이용하여 계산된 초기힘(preloads)를 가하였다. 경추모델에서 추체, 추간판 및 근육은 인간의 해부학적 정보와 일치시켜 제작되었다. 이번 연구의 목적은 경추모델에 부착된 근육에 초기힘이 존재할 때 초기힘의 편타성 손상에의 영향을 조사하는 것이다. 결론적으로, 초기힘이 존재하는 근육-경추모델의 경우가 초기힘이 존재하지 않는 모델에 비하여 좀더 실제와 일치하는 경향성을 보여주었다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.125-132
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• 2002

Bumpers are structural components to reduce physical damage to the front and rear ends of a passenger motor vehicle from low speed collisions. Damage assessment and the protectiveness are the commonly used designing criteria but in this study, relative displacements of the bumper are examined. To absorb the crash energy without significant damage to the bumper itself, foam material is installed between fascia and beam. However, it is not easy to predict the exact displacements generated in bumper structures through FEM because the compressive stress-strain curve of a foam material depends on strain rates that deviates significantly on each trial. Under this uncertain condition, a range of displacements is calculated and the optimum design is performed using the design of experiments. The result will be used to find the design that minimizes the weight within displacement constraints. The orthogonal array of L9 is introduced to find the optimum of the design variables that considers the thickness of inner beam, outer beam and stay, This study will suggest the design procedure of a front bumper using the uncertain stress-strain curve of a foam material.

• Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research
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• 제95권6호
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• pp.340-344
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• 2018

Purpose: Traumatic lumbar hernia is rare, thus making diagnosis and proper treatment challenging. Accordingly, we aimed to investigate the clinical manifestations and proper management strategies of traumatic lumbar hernias. Methods: The medical records of patients with traumatic lumbar hernia treated at Gachon University Gil Hospital from March 2006 to February 2015, were retrospectively reviewed. Results: We included 5 men and 4 women (mean age, 55 years; range, 23-71 years). In 8 patients, most injuries were caused by motor vehicle collisions, including those wherein a pedestrian was struck (5 cases of car accidents, 2 falls, and 1 involving penetrating materials); in 1 patient, the probable cause was severe cough. Eight patients underwent hernia repair surgery (5 open and 3 laparoscopic), and a prosthetic mesh was used in 7 patients. Hernia repairs were elective in 7 patients; emergency hernia repair was performed with right hemicolectomy in 1 patient. No severe complication or recurrence was observed. Only 2 patients had mild complications, such as postoperative seroma. Conclusion: Traumatic lumbar hernia is a relatively rare injury of the posteriolateral abdominal wall. Lumbar hernia should be suspected in patients with high-energy injuries of the torso, and all such patients should undergo abdominopelvic computed tomography. After diagnosis, hernia repair can be electively performed without complications in most cases.