• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.79-87
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• 2011

Spatial perception and spatial structure that focus on psychological effects produce a real force through the medium of space that can control human actions, even their psychology. The job of understanding the characteristics and effects of architectural spaces that recognize the relationship between architecture and human beings, including the psychological dimension, is an alternative search for quality spaces that can increase the mutual relationship between space and human beings. This paper introduces two propositions called "space" and "psychology" in order to discover a meta-pattern connecting space and the human mind with the aim of systematizing that internal network and establishing a new architectural system concerning space and human beings. This paper also proposes a method of accessing physical spaces that can affect psychological states through a conceptual substitution called "extension," with the aim of discovering the implications inherent in such extensive relationships and proposing a methodology of organizing psychological spaces based on the characteristics of that extensive connection. The means of extensively connecting psychological spaces were classified into the three categories of memory system, sensory system, and motor system, and their corresponding extensive connection characteristics called "simultaneous relativity," "non-mediated immediacy," and "purification process" were also derived. These characteristics accelerate the changes in psychological intensity and function as principles that organize psychological space.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.98-105
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• 2012

Recently, most of the countries started to regulate the emission of vehicle because of the global warming. The engine scooter is also one of the factor which cause the pollution. The hybrid system of a vehicle has many advantages such as fuel saving and emission reduction. The purpose of this study is to choose optimal size of engine, motor and battery for hybrid scooter system using Dynamic programming. The dynamic programming is an effective method to find an optimal solution for the complicated nonlinear system, which contains various constraints of control variables. The power source size of hybrid scooter was chosen through the backward simulator using dynamic programming. From the analysis, we choose the optimal size of each power source. To verify the optimal size of the power source, the Forward simulation was carried out. As a result, the fuel efficiency of hybrid scooter has significantly increased in comparison with that of engine scooter.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.8-15
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• 2013

Recently many kinds of electric vehicles have been developed as many governments demand the environmental friendly vehicles. In this paper, study of load optimization for the electric vehicle which has multiple axle power system was conducted. For the analysis of the vehicle which has three or four driving axles, a method based on the geometry and assumptions that considering axles as a spring model and normal forces of the axles are proportional to the displacement of the axles was applied with basic vehicle dynamics. With the developed vehicle analysis technique, algorithm to find the optimal motor operating points was developed. Using this algorithm, it was possible to find the optimization of vehicle load distribution for multiple axles according to the driving cycles. Also, control logic for the vehicle can be developed based on the optimization simulation results.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.133-140
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• 2001

This paper suggests another system for a cutting force measuring tool in a milling process. Generally, tool dynamometer is taken into account for the most appropriate cutting force measuring tool in the analysis of cutting mechanism. However, high price and limited space make it difficult to be in-situ system for controllable milling process. Although an alternative method using AC current of servo-motor has been suggested, it is unsuitable for cutting force control because of small upper frequency limit and noise. The cutting force measuring system is composed of two load cells placed between the moving table bracket and the nut flange part of ballscrew. It has many advantages such as low cost and wide range measurement than tool dynamometer because of the built-in moving table and the low cost load cell. The static and dynamic model of the measuring system using imbeded load cell is introduced. Various Experiments are carried out to validate both models. By comparing the cutting forces from a series of end milling experiments on the tool dynamometer and the system developed in this paper, the accuracy of the cutting force measuring system is verified. Upper frequency limit is measured by the experiment of dynamic characteristics.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1999년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부 B
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• pp.585-587
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• 1999

The rotorbody and rotor winding of generator are isolated by an insulator and the output characteristic of the generator is maintained in the best states. Only when an insulation resistance between them is over a certain extent. The aim of this research is to develop the simulator for rotor earth fault detection circuits. It is composed of the power resource which is to control the virtual field voltage, stepping motor which is to give virtual ground. It is possible to inspect with the device and program developed in this study in the same as real operating condition and evaluate the integrity of generator rotor through the function of data acquisition and graphic output. If these technologies will be applied to the inspection, prevent a damage of the generator and contribute to improve maintenance reliance.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2008년도 Techno-Fair 및 합동춘계학술대회 논문집 전기물성,응용부문
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• pp.179-180
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• 2008

In this paper, the variable tendency piezoelectric constant and resonance characteristics piezoelectric ceramics due to the electric field is studied. The practical application of piezoelectric ceramics is not only applied in field of small signal. For example, in case of an ultrasonic motor, $120{\sim}130Vrms$ of driving voltage is needed and that of an piezoelectric pump, $200{\sim}220Vrms$ of voltage is required. Therefore, to examine the characteristics of piezoelectric ceramics in large signal contributes to reducing the susceptibility to the multifarious application and securing the ease of the production of control circuit. These contributions may be connected to the expansion of industrial application. We fabricated disk-type piezoelectric ceramic samples by using conventional method and measured the resonance characteristics of these samples under from low to high voltage driving conditions. According to increasing the value of the input voltage, we measured the resonance frequency of the piezoelectric ceramic, and inquired into the cause of these phenomena.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.167-174
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• 2004

Density is a physical property which contains information relating to the internal quality of fruits and vegetables, and can be used as an index for nondestructive quality evaluation. Density sorting has been employed by farmers for some agricultural products since ancient times. In this study, an automatic density measuring system based on the platform scale or water displacement method was developed for density sorting of watermelon. It consisted of water tan, load cell, net tray, electric motor, limit switch, control system and its program. The resolution of density was 0.001 g/㎤. In order to calibrate and evaluate the accuracy, the density was measured using a balloon kept in cold water. It showed 1.002 g/㎤ which almost correspond to real density of water. Test results with 6 watermelons and 3 replications showed that the standard deviations of the dens were 0.001∼0.004 g/㎤. The relationship between density and internal quality of watermelon was investigated using the system. The densities of hollow watermelons were less than 0.950 g/㎤, it was apparent that the density of the watermelon was related to the degree of hollowness. But the soluble solid contents and internal defects could not be estimated from the density.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.125-138
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• 2010

This study examined the effects of a meditation program using picture books as a method of reducing young children's aggression. Data was taken from a sample of 60 four-to five-year-old children in daycare centers. This study employed a pre/post-test controlgroup design. All children of each daycare center were assigned to an experimental group(meditation program using picture books) or control group(general music meditation program). All variables were measured by the mothers and teachers of the observed children and the collected data were analyzed by independent and paired t-test. The main results of this study are as follows. Firstly, the meditation program using picture books and general music meditation program were all effective in reducing young children's aggression (aggression against things, aggression against others, verbal aggressin and total aggression) perceived by their teachers, that is, aggression against things, aggression against others and verbal aggression. Secondly, the meditation program using picture books was more effective than general music meditation program in reducing young children's aggression perceived by teachers. Thirdly, the meditation program using picture books was effective in reducing only young children's verbal aggression perceived by their mothers.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.93-98
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• 2000

This study has been carried out to investigate general pharmacological action of bamboo salt (jukyom) in terms of effects on central nervous system and cardiovascular system in experimental animals. After bamboo salt, crude salt or reagent-grade NaCl were orally administered into male ICR mice with dose of 2.0 g/kg, general behavioural syndromes such as body weight and locomotor activity, spontaneous motor activity, pento-barbital-induced sleeping time, muscle incoordination, electroshock-induced convulsion, body temperature and writhing response caused by 0.6% acetic acid solution were observed. Bamboo salt had no influences in these indices for examinition of effect on central nervous system. Additionally, conscious male Sprague Dawley rats fastened overnight won ere treated with bamboo salt, crude salt or reagent-grade NaCl (2.0 g/kg, p.o.) to examine the effect of these salts cardiovascular system. Systolic, median and diastolic food pressure and heart rate were dertemined using tail cuff indirect method. Treatment with Hydralazine (50 mg/kg, p.o) as a positive control produced the decreases in systolic, median and diastolic blood treasure and an increase in heart rate. whereas no changes were observed in bamboo salt, crude salt and reagent-grade NaCl treated groups. These results strongly suggest that bamboo salt may have no effects on general pharmacology of central nervous systems and cardio-vascular systems.

• Advances in Automotive Engineering
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.105-121
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• 2018

The hybrid electric powertrain is a robust solution that allows for major improvements in both fuel economy and emission reduction. In the present study, a through-the-road hybrid vehicle model with an electric motor driving the rear axle and an Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) driving the front axle has been constructed. We then present a systematic method for the determination of a real time applicable optimal Energy Management Strategy (EMS) for a hybrid road vehicle. More precisely, we compare the performance of rule-based EMS strategies to an optimization-based strategy, namely ECMS (Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy). The comparison is conducted in parallel with a parameterization of the size of the internal combustion engine and the implementation of a Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) that allows following the line of best fuel economy. For the FTP-75 driving cycle, the constrained engine On-off control algorithm is shown to offer a 28% improvement potential of fuel consumption compared to the conventional internal combustion engine while the ECMS strategy achieves an improved potential of nearly 33%.