• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.844-853
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• 2015

Recently, according to change of lifestyle and increase of concerning in health, needs of the smart clothing based on the vital sign monitoring have increased. Along with this trend, smart clothing for ECG monitoring has been studied various way as textile electrode, clothing design and so on. Smart clothing for ECG monitoring can become a comfortable system which enables continuous vital sign monitoring in daily use. But, smart clothing for ECG monitoring has a weakness on artifact during motion. One of the motion artifact caused by shifting of the electrode position was affected skin change by motion. The aim of this study was to suggest electrode locations for clothing of ECG monitoring to reduce of motion artifacts. Therefore, change of skin surface during the movement were measured and analyzed in order to find location to minimize motion artifacts in ECG monitoring clothing by 3D motion capture. For the experiment, the subjects consisted of 5 males and 5 females in their 20' with average physique. As a result, the optimal location for ECG monitoring was deducted under the bust line and scapula which have least motion artifact. These locations were abstracted to be least affected by movement in this research.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.221-226
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• 2011

Although diverse researches on sensing method of human movement have been performed, there are still many limitations to the existing methods. As a part of supplementing the limitations to the existing motion sensing methods, this study aimed to execute an exploratory examination on a POF-based sleeve-shaped motion sensor for less restrictive sensing of human movement. In this study, a set of POF-based motion sensor, which was embedded in a sleeve-shaped platform was devised, and a set of exploratory experiments was performed on the possibility of sensing of human movement as diverse as in daily life, through this device. The scope of this research was limited to an exploration on the possibility and basic elements of POF-based sleeve-shaped motion sensor, while the influence of sleeve patterns, those of wearer's somatotype, those of sewing method were not studied in this study. When compared to the pre-existing methods, the POF-based motion sensor platformed on sleeve in this study, which was purposively devised to be applied to the motion sensing clothing shows some beneficial characteristics : more sensitive measurement on human motion, low cost, no timely restriction in sensing, no request for gigantic apparatus and space for sensing.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.694-706
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• 2022

This study focusses on the development of a motion-sensing smart leggings prototype with the help of a module that monitors motion using a fiber-type stretch sensor. Additionally, it acquires data on Electrocardiogram (ECG), respiration, and body temperature signals, for the development of smart clothing used in online exercise coaching and customized healthcare systems. The research process was conducted in the following order: 1) Fabrication of a fiber-type elastic strain sensor for motion monitoring, 2) Positioning and attaching the sensor, 3) Pattern development and three-dimensional (3D) design, 4) Prototyping 5) Wearability test, and 6) Expert evaluation. The 3D design method was used to develop an aesthetic design, and for sensing accurate signal acquisition functions, wearability tests, and expert evaluation. As a result, first, the selection or manufacturing of an appropriate sensor for the function is of utmost importance. Second, the selection and attachment method of a location that can maximize the function of the sensor without interfering with any activity should be studied. Third, the signal line selection and connection method should be considered, and fourth, the aesthetic design should be reflected along with functional verification. In addition, the selection of an appropriate material is important, and tests for washability and durability must be made. This study presented a manufacturing method to improve the functionality and design of smart clothing, through the process of developing a prototype of motion-sensing smart leggings.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.529-542
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to utilize technology as basic data for smart clothing product research and development. This technology can recognize user's motion according to characteristics types and functions of wearable smart clothing products. In order to analyze the case of motion recognition products, we searched for previous research data and cases referred to as major keywords in leading search engines, Google and Naver. Among the searched cases, information on the characteristics and major functions of the 42 final products selected on the market are examined in detail. Motion recognition for smart clothing products is classified into four body types: head & face, body, arms & hands, and legs & feet. Smart clothing products was developed with various items, such as hats, glasses, bras, shirts, pants, bracelets, rings, socks, shoes, etc., It was divided into four functions health care type for prevention of injuries, health monitor, posture correction, sports type for heartbeat and exercise monitor, exercise coaching, posture correction, convenience for smart controller and security and entertainment type for pleasure. The function of the motion recognition smart clothing product discussed in this study will be a useful reference when designing a motion recognition smart clothing product that is blended with IT technology.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.369-378
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• 2015

Various forms of wearable bio-signal monitoring systems have been developed recently. Acquisition of stable bio-signal data for health care purposes needs to be unconscious and continuous without hindrance to the users' daily activities. The garment type is a suitable form of a wearable bio-signal monitoring system; however, motion artifacts caused by body movement degrade the signal quality during the measurement of bio-signals. It is crucial to stabilize the electrode position to reduce motion artifacts generated when in motion. The problems with motion artifacts remain unresolved despite their significant effect on bio-signal monitoring. This research creates a foundation for the design of garment-type wearable systems for everyday use by finding a method to reduce motion artifacts through modular design. Two distinct garment-type wearable systems (tee-shirt with a motion artifact-reducing module (MARM) and tee-shirt without a MARM) were designed to compare the effects of modular design on the measurement of heart activity in terms of electrode position displacement, signal quality index value, and morphological quality. The tee-shirt with MARM showed superior properties and yielded higher quality signals than the tee-shirt without MARM. In addition, the tee-shirt with MARM showed a better repeatability of the heart activity signals. Therefore, a garment design with MARM is an efficient way to acquire stable bio-signals while in motion.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.141-150
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the shape and attached position of E-textile-based stretchable sensors on motion-sensing performance and to investigate the requirements for the optimal structure of clothes for sensing limb motions. An experimental garment was prepared with different sensor shapes, and attachment positions. A child subject, wearing the experimental garment, performed arm and leg bending and extension motions at $60^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$ and $120^{\circ}$ motion angles, at a rate of 60 deg/sec. The changes in voltage triggered by the stretching and contracting of the fabric-sensor were measured, and an acceleration sensor was utilized to verify that the experimental motions were correctly performed. Dummy arms and legs of a child were manufactured to perform an identical test, in order to compare the dummy results with the actual human body experiment results. The analysis showed that the reproducibility and reliability of the rectangular sensor, showing uniform and stable were higher than those of the boat-shaped sensor, in both the dummy and the human body experiments. The attachment position of the sensor was more reproducible and reliable when placed on 4 cm below the elbow and knee joints in the dummy test, when placed in the joints of the elbow and knee, in children experiment. The appropriate shapes and attached positions of the sensor for sensing the motions were analyzed, and the results proved that motion-sensing of the human body is possible by utilizing flexible fabric-sensors integrated into clothes.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.165-176
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to develop clothing-type wearable motion sensing and feedback systems to enhance children's sports by promoting visual and audio feedback. In this study, several applications, such as fabric sensors, sportswear integrated with various types of fabric sensors, and fabric-based motion sensing module design, as well as a visual and audio feedback system for gaining a better understanding of a child's interest in a type of exercise, were developed. An SWCNT-based stretchable fabric sensor was developed for motion sensing, and sportswear was designed using the fabric sensor that was integrated into the limbs of the garment. The sensing module was developed, and sensory performance was evaluated through a joint motion experiment for children. In addition, using the feedback system that was developed in the form of an accessory, the responses of light and sound were also examined based on the movement of the child who was wearing the sportswear prototypes. This study focused on the development and assessment of prototype designs for children's sportswear and accessory products that can help to ascertain a child's interest in a particular exercise.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.467-474
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• 2010

Recently, Study of functional clothing for Vital sensing is focused on reducing artifact by human motions, in order to enhance the electrocardiogram(ECG) sensing accuracy. In this study, considering the factors for each element found from the analysis, a 3-lead electrode inside textile embroidered with silver yarn was developed, and draft designs off our types of vital-signal sensing garments, which are 'chest-belt typed' garment, 'cross-typed' garment 'x-typed' garment and 'curved x-typed' garment, were prepared. The draft designs were implemented on a sleeveless male shirt made of an elastic material so that the garment and the electrodes can remain closely attached along the contour of the human body, and the acquired data was sent to the main computer over a wireless network. In order to evaluate the effects caused by body movements and the ECG-sensing capability for each type in static and dynamic states, displacements were measured from one and two dimensional perspectives. ECG measurement evaluation was also performed for Signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) analysis. Applying the experimental results, the draft garment designs were modified and complemented to produce two types of modular approaches 'continuous-attached' and 'insertion-detached' for the ECG-sensing smart clothing.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2059-2066
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• 2018

This study explored the feasibility of utilizing an SWCNT-coated fabric sensor for the development of a wearable motion sensing device. The extent of variation in electric resistance of the sensor material was evaluated by varying the fiber composition of the SWCNT-coated base fabrics, attachment methods, number of layers, and sensor width and length. 32 sensors were fabricated by employing different combinations of these variables. Using a custom-built experimental jig, the amount of voltage change in a fabric sensor as a function of the length was measured as the fabric sensors underwent loading-unloading test with induced strains of 30 %, 40 %, and 50 % at a frequency of 0.5 Hz. First-step analysis revealed the following: characteristics of the strain-voltage curves of the fabric sensors confirmed that 14 out of 32 sensors were evaluated as more suitable for measuring human joint movement, as they yield stable resistance values under tension-release conditions; furthermore, significantly stable resistance values were observed at each level of strain. Secondly, we analyzed the averaged maximum, minimum, and standard deviations at various strain levels. From this analysis, it was determined that the two-layer sensor structure and welding attachment method contributed to the improvement of sensing accuracy.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.129-138
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• 2021

This study aimed to determine the effects of the shape and attachment position of stretchable textile sensors coated with carbon nanotube on their performance when used to measure children's joint movements. Moreover, the child-safe requirements for fabric motion sensors are established. The child participants were advised to wear integrated clothing equipped with the sensors of various shapes (rectangular and boat-shaped) and attachment positions (at the knee and elbow joints or 4 cm below the joints). The voltage change induced by the elongation and contraction of the fabric sensors was determined for arm and leg flexion-extension motions at 60 deg/s (three measurements of 10 repeats each for 60°and 90°angles, for a total of 60 repetitions). Their dependability was determined by comparing the fabric motion sensors to the associated acceleration sensors. The experimental results indicate that the rectangular-shaped sensor affixed 4 cm below the joint is the most effective fabric motion sensor for measuring children's arm and leg motions. In this study, we designed a textile sensor capable of tracking children's joint motion and analyzed the sensor shape and attachment position on motion sensing clothing. We demonstrated that flexible fabric sensors integrated into garments may be used to detect the joint motions of the human body.