• 아동학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.311-331
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• 1997

This study investigated the relationship between preschool children's social competence and perceived social support. The subjects were 85 children enrolled in 10 kindergartens and nurseries located in Seoul. Social support was assessed by children themselves with a social support dialogue Cask, "My Family and Friends," developed by Reid, Lamdegman, and Jaccard (1989). This task consists of 12 dialogues based on Vygotskian principles. Social competency was assessed by teachers with a slightly modified version of Song's Iowa Social Competency Scale (ISCS). The data were analyzed by frequencies percentiles, mean, one-way ANOVAs, and Pearson's correlations. Results showed that (1) Children perceived parents to be the best multi-purpose social providers: mothers for emotional support and fathers for instrumental support. (2) Children with unemployed mothers perceived higher maternal emotional, informational, and instrumental support than children with employed mothers. (3) Middle-class children perceived higher friendship support than upper-or lower-class children. (4) Friendship support was the one variable most significantly related to children's social competence.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.127-135
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of mothers' recognition of Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), parenting stress and family support in mothers of children diagnosed with ADHD. Methods: The data were collected from December 24, 2009 to July 23, 2010. The participants were 141 mothers of children diagnosed with ADHD and who lived in D city. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients with SPSS 17.0 were used to analyze the data. To determine the most effective variable (mothers' recognition, parenting stress and family support) to predict parental stress, data were analyzed using canonical correlation with SAS 9.1 TS. Results: Canonical correlation analysis revealed that professional and teachers' roles of the 3 sub-domains of mothers' recognition were the most outstanding variables in predicting parenting stress. Parental distress/parent-child dysfunctional interaction of parenting stress was the most outstanding variable in predicting both mothers' recognition and family support. Spouse cooperation in family support was the most outstanding variable in predicting parenting stress. Conclusion: The results suggest that strengthening parents' recognition of ADHD and supporting interventions are important for reducing parenting stress. Professional and teachers' roles, parental distress/parent-child dysfunctional interaction and spouse cooperation should be included in the contents of structured programs.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.48-54
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• 2022

Objectives: Among adolescent development tasks, being independent of parents is an essential process for emotional and physical separation. There are many conflicts of separation and individuation between parents and adolescents; however, most clinicians explore the process of separation and individuation only from adolescents' perspective. Whether simultaneously or sequentially, separation-individuation occurs between adolescents and parents, respectively. The authors have already introduced the theory of synchronized individuation in a clinical case to explain the concept of this intersubjective phenomena. This study also attempts to prove the synchronized individuation theory through the interaction of characters in a movie and a fairy tale. Methods: The authors present the basis for the theory of synchronized individuation of adolescence through the growing process of Mason Junior, the main character of the movie "Boyhood," and from the process of the separation of a hen, Sprout, and an orphaned duckling in "The hen who dreamed she could fly." Results: Synchronized individuation was developed and observed from Mason, the son's perspective in "Boyhood," and Sprout, the mother's subjective perspective in the story of the hen. Conclusion: Increasing conflict and mutual impact in the relationship between adolescents and parents, ambivalent feelings for separation, selective identification of each other, mutual respect through mutual recognition, and role changes in relationship position were confirmed. Sons and mothers were individualized with synchronization.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.147-157
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• 2007

Purpose: Assessment of stress and coping effort of hospitalized children's mother are very important factor to support and recover the children. The purpose of this study was to identify the stress and coping effort in mothers whose children are hospitalized. And analyzes the correlation between mother's stress and coping effort on the hospitalized children. Method: This study surveyed 70 mothers whose children are hospitalized. The data was collected for this study at one university hospital in Daejeon from June 1,2007 to July 10, 2007. The instruments used in this study were the mother's stress scale which was developed by Ok-Nam, You(1998), modified by Ho-Jin, Mun(2001), and the mother's coping effort were measured with the Coping Health Inventory for Parents(CHIP) developed by McCubbin and Patterson(1981). The data was analyzed by using SPSS program and include ANOVA, and Pearson's Correlation. Result: The mother's stress was average 2.42 out of a possible 4 points. Type of coping effort was in order of type III(cope with it by understanding medical circumstances)(M=2.73), type I(Cope with it through positive definition)(M=2.43), type II (cope with it by maintaining psychological stability)(M=2.28). Total coping effort according to general character of mothers whose children are hospitalized showed a significant difference in occupation(P<.05). Correlations between mother's stress and total coping effort was r=-.361(P<.05). Conclusion: This study based on nursing of stress and coping effort of hospitalized children's mothers. Pediatric nurses need to establish a stronger communication board and a relationship between medical staff and children's parents so that have supportive information. And to establish a support program that strengthens the coping effort of hospitalized children's mothers.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.109-124
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• 1994

The present study was conducted to elucidate the relationship between parent's verbal control modes and children's social competency. Two questionanires were developed by the authors for this study. The questionnaire for measuring parent's verbal control modes was composed of 84 and 87 items for mother and father, respectively, which assesses three types of verbal control modes; imperative control position-oriented control and person-oriented control. The questionnaire for measuring children's social competency perceived by mothers was composed of 27 items, which assesses four areas of social competency; initiative sociability responsibility and self-disclosure. the subjects of this study were 436 mothers and their children of fifth and sixth grade in elementary schools located in Seoul. The results of this study were as follows: 1) Parents control their children mostly by position-oriented mode and least by imperative mode. 2) There were significant correlations between father's verbal control mode and children's social competency. children's social competency was related positively to the person-oriented and position-oriented modes but negatively to the imperative mode. The best variables explaining boy's social competency were father's imperative and position-oriented modes whereas that for girl's was position oriented mode. 3) Mother's verbal control mode was not significant in explaining children's social competency. 4) The negative impact of father's imperative mode in combination with the mother's person-oriented mode on the children's social competency was greater than other combinations of father's and mother's verbal control modes.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.9-19
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• 2022

Purpose: Mothers determines all household requirements and decides almost all their related things. The purpose of this study was to examine several independent variables on customer loyalty among mothers in The Asian Parents Indonesia community. The independent variables include advertising on Instagram, brand image, word-of-mouth, community cohesiveness, while the dependent variable is purchasing decisions. Research design, data, and methodology: This quantitative study uses a survey method for the Asian Parents Indonesia community members, listed on its website. The population of this community was recorded at 1,310, with a sample of 135 respondents. Data processing is done by using Structural Equation Model using Smart-PLS software. Results: Variables that significantly affect purchasing decisions and customer loyalty are word-of-mouth,summarized in a testimony, advertising on Instagram, and brand image. However, community cohesiveness does not affect customer loyalty to a brand. Conclusion: The results of this test propose significant implications for developing the relationship between baby toiletries producers and customers through word-of-mouth testimonials and advertisements on Instagram while community cohesiveness in maintaining customer loyalty using a brand is not influential, but interactions that occur within the community become a reference for mothers to choose a baby toiletries product.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.861-874
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• 2004

The goal of this study is to investigate the relationship between maternal rearing behavior characteristics and elementary school children's Internet use, and to utilize the results as the basic data to develop a program, in which parents learn how to educate their children for better use of the Internet. The subjects were 713 children whose grade are in fourth through sixth in an elementary school. Data were obtained with questionnaires. The instruments employed were Children's Internet Use and Addiction, and maternal rearing behavior characteristics-Rational Guidance, Affection, Authoritarian Control, Overprotection, Achievement Encouragement, and Active Involvement-Scales. The data were analyzed with the SPSS program. They were analyzed by Frequency, Percentage, ANOVA, Duncan's test, and Pearson correlation. The results of this study are as follows: First, 30.2% of the subjects has used Internet for more than three years. 55.6% of the subjects spend less than an hour per day in using the Internet. The two major types of Internet use were playing games(49.9%) and sending e-mails(25.4%). The main reason for playing Internet games was escape from stress(34.7%). 34.5% of the subjects also said that their parents usually encourage them to use the Internet. Second, maternal affection, authoritarian control, and active involvement were significantly different in the types of Internet use. Maternal authoritarian control and overprotection were significantly different in the reasons of doing Internet game. The rational guidance and active involvement of mothers were correlated negatively with children's Internet using time, but their authoritarian control and overprotection were correlated positively with children's Internet using time. Maternal overprotection was correlated positively with parents' encouragement level in the Internet use. Third, the rational guidance, affection, and active involvement of mothers were correlated negatively with children's Internet addiction. In the other hand, maternal authoritarian control and overprotection were correlated positively with children's Internet addiction. Lastly, children's Internet addiction was significantly different by the types of Internet Use and the reasons for doing internet game. Children's Internet using time was correlated positively with children's Internet addiction.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.497-510
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• 2011

We tried to find out parents' satisfaction and needs for foodservice quality of the childcare centers with an intention of improving it. Self-completed questionnaires were randomly collected from the parents of children in 174 childcare centers around Asan and were analyzed. Most of respondents were mothers who were housewives with college degrees (69%) in their 30's (80%). They thought nutrition (50%) and food hygiene (43%) were the most important factors for decision. Eighty percent of parents recognized the strong relationship between foodservice quality and childrens' mental and physical development. Most centers (94%) were delivering menu notices home, so parents well recognized the center's foodservice situation and problems of their kids' eating habits. The parents' satisfaction scores were 3.26 out of 5-point scale. The biggest dissatisfaction was from no variation in menu, but remarkable appreciation was from the effect of foodservice on the correction for kids' unbalanced diet habit. They had demands for improvement of nutritious menu and professional nutrition teacher in charge of foodservice and nutrition education for children and also for parents.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.5-18
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• 1996

The purposes of this study were to measure the degree of perceived uncertainty and to identify the rearing attitudes of mothers with chronically ill children, and to examine the relationship between the perceived uncertainty and the rearing attitude of these mothers. The subjects of this study consisted of 133 mothers with chronically ill children, registered at 2 university hospitals in Seoul. Data was collected from April 1 to May 31, 1996. The Parents' Perception of Uncertainty Scale(28-item 4 point scale) and the Maternal Behavior Research Instrument (49-item 5 point scale) were used. Data was analyzed by Cluster analysis, ANOVA MANOVA and t-test. Results of this study are summarized as follows : 1. Mothers perceived their uncertainty to be slightly high (Mn 2.48). The degree of perceived uncertainty by the four components slightly differed unpredictability(2.72), lack in clarity(2.58), vagueness (2.52) and lack of information(2.04) . The degree of perceived uncertainty of mothers with ill children revealed to be influenced significantly by the age of the ill children, duration of illness after the diagnosis, and the experience of hospitalization. 2. Among the rearing attitudes : moderatlely high affective(Mn 3.98) and resrictive(Mn 3.58) attitudes of mothers toward their ill children were identified. Mothers tend to give positive evaluations of their childrens' behaviors (Mn 3.38) and less rejection(Mn 2.81). 3. Mothers' rearing attitude were correlated with the degree of perceived uncertainty in illness ; mothers in the Low Perceived Uncertainty Group (Mn 1.99) revealed the highest affective (Mn 4.08), the lowest resrictive(Mn. 2.72) attitudes and tendency to give positive evaluations of their childrens' behaviors (Mn 3.54) compared to the High Perceived Uncertainty Group(Mn 3.26) and Moderate Perceived Uncertaity Group(Mn 2.57). 4. The degree of perceived uncertainty, the duration of illness after the diagnosis and the experience of hospitalization revealed to be significantly influential to the rearing attitude of mothers with chronically ill children. From the above results, it can be concluded that predicting and controlling mothers' uncertainty are necessary for improved, efficient nursing interventions and normal growth & development of the chronically ill children.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.121-137
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• 2012

본 연구는 서울시와 경기도 소재 종일제 어린이집에 다니는 243명 유아의 어머니를 대상으로 양육죄책감과 양육스트레스가 양육태도에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 했다. 연구의 자료분석은 SPSS 17.0 for Window를 이용하여 실시하였으며, t-test, Pearson 상관분석, 위계적 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 모학력과 모취업유무에 따른 어머니의 양육죄책감, 양육스트레스 및 양육태도의 차이로는, 전문대졸 이하의 학력인 어머니보다 대졸 이상의 학력인 어머니의 부정적 양육태도가 높고, 취업모가 비취업모보다 긍정적 양육태도가 더 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 어머니의 양육죄책감과 양육스트레스는 어머니의 긍정적 양육태도와는 부적 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났고, 부정적 양육태도와는 정적 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 어머니의 긍정적 양육태도와 부정적 양육태도에 가장 큰 영향력을 미치는 변인은 양육죄책감으로 나타났다.