• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.243-249
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• 2005

모기기피제로 사용되고 있는 에어로졸제 4개, 액제 3개, 그리고 로션제 1개 제품에 대하여 흰줄숲모기(Aedes albopictus)와 빨간집모기(Culex pipiens pallens)의 기피력을 조사하고, 기피 주성분인 DEET의 함량을 분석하였다. 쥐를 대상으로 했을 때 흰줄숲모기는 빨간집모기에 비해 흡혈 공격력이 높았으며, 흡혈 대상으로는 쥐(mouse)보다 사람의 손을 더 선호하였다. 쥐를 이용한 모기기피제의 기피력 평가에서, C 제품, G 제품, H 제품이 높은 기피력을 나타냈다. 이들 기피제를 사람 손을 흡혈대상으로 평가한 결과, 3개 약제 모두 2시간 동안은 100%의 기피효과를 나타내었으나 그 이후는 떨어줬으며, C 제품이 효과가 좋았다. GC를 통한 DEET의 분석에서 8종 모기기피제의 내용물 100 g 중량 내 7.31 g에서 38.9 g으로 제품 내 다양한 함량을 나타내었으며, 제품 내 처리된 DEET의 함량과 기피력의 상관관계는 정비례하지 않았다. 면포를 이용한 DEET 잔존량 대비 모기 기피력 평가에서 DEET의 함량이 약 40% 이하로 떨어지면서 흰줄숲모기의 흡혈이 이루어지기 시작했다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.233-238
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• 2011

DEET, N,N'-diethyl-m-toluamide, is the most commonly used mosquito repellent. However, it can easily permeate through skin leading to toxic effects. A recent study showed that the ortho analogue of DEET showed enhanced repellency with reduced permeation compared to the commercially used meta analogue. Thus, in order to understand the differences in properties and effectiveness among the m-, o- and p-analogues of DEET, an HPLC-UV method was developed for separately analyzing the three analogues. Moreover, stability profiles at temperatures ranging from $30^{\circ}C$ to $70^{\circ}C$ as well as pH ranging from pH 3 to pH 9 have been determined. All three analogues were stable with no degradation observed during the 5 day period. o-DEET therefore could be further developed into a safer and more effective mosquito repellent.

• 한국생명과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생명과학회 2008년도 제49회 학술심포지움 및 국제학술대회
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• pp.42.1-42.1
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• 2008

• 산경연구논집
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• 제10권12호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2019

Purpose : We will develop the distribution method of wide oil extract technology to develop repellent using this technology and study mosquito repellent persistence. Research design, data and methodology : A positive control group containing purified water, ethanol and picaridin was prepared, and the experimental control group was prepared in the same proportion as the positive control group, and 0.6% of broad oil was added. The results were summarized using the calculation method according to the avoidance effect and statistically tested by t-test using the excel statistics program. Results : Experiments on skin surface area and voice control of participants showed that men had 8.9% wider skin surface area than women, and voice control tests showed that women were bitten by mosquitoes five times more than men. Both the positive and the experimental control groups had a valid duration of up to three hours, but from the time of five hours, the positive control group had 77% and the experimental control had 90%, indicating a difference of 14.4% over the positive control group. Conclusions : The mosquito repellents developed in this study on the basis of safety and continuity are cost-effective in terms of mosquito repellent, and in addition fragrance, odor removal, perfume, ink, skin care and massage effect.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.331-336
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• 2005

본 연구는 장기간 지속효과가 강조된 미국 T사의 C제품(에어로졸)과 D제품(로션) 대비 국내5사의 A 제품(에어로졸)과 B 제품(액제)에 대하여, 사람 손에 처리 시 흰줄숲모기(Aedes albopictus)의 기피지속성에 대한 생물검정을 평가하고 시간 경과에 따른 기피 주성분인 DEET의 잔존량을 분석하였다 기피제 처리 후 8시간 조사에서 A제품은 8시간까지 95%의 기피효과를 나타냈으며, B제품, C 제품, D 제품은 각각 5, 6, 6시간까지 기피효과를 보였다. 그리고 면포를 이용한 16일까지의 장기간 지속성 평가에서, A 제품과 C 제품은 각각 10일까지 100%의 기피 지속성을 나타냈고, 시간 경과에 따른 기피 주성분인 DEET의 잔존량 분석에서도 동일한 양상으로 감소하였다.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.110-114
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• 2002

The repellent activity of methanol extracts from 8 aromatic medicinal plant species and a steam distillate against blood-starved Aedes aegypti (L.) females was laboratory examined by skin test and compared with that of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (deet). Reponeses varied according to Plant species. At a dose of $0.1mg/\textrm{cm}^2$, potent repellency against adult mosquitoes was obtained with extracts of Cinnamomum camphora (94.1 %) Cinnamomum cassia bark (91.2%), Eugenia caryophyllata flower bud (72.2%), and Tilia amurensis (69.4%). Repellent activity of these plant extracts was comparable to that of deet (83.4%). The plants described merit further study as potential mosquito-repellent agents.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.68-75
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• 2007

[ $\alpha$ ]-Terpinene has been known as a repellent against the mosquito Culex pipiens pallens Coquillett based on a human forearm bioassay. $\alpha$-Terpinene showed significantly greater repellency than a commercial formulation, N, N-diethyl-m-methylbenzamide (deet). In this study, skin and eye sensitivity of $\alpha$-terpinene (2%) was examined with bioassays using white New Zealand rabbits. There were somewhat gross and histological changes observed in these treatments. Eye irritancy assays examined gross changes to cornea, iris and conjuctiva, and histological changes to smear of ocular discharge and eye tissue. Treated rabbits were divided into two cohorts, a saline washed cohort (W) or a non-washed cohort (NW). Opacity of cornea and redness, chemosis and discharge of conjuctiva were observed in both cohorts, but disappeared within 4 and 10 days in W and NW, respectively. Main components of ocular discharges were fibrin, epithelial or epitheloid cells, lymphoid cells, erythrocytes and granulocytes. These abnormal cellular components disappeared within 4 days and 10 days in W and NW, respectively. No permanent histological differences were observed between the two cohorts. However, severe irritation was determined as 57.2 of I.I.O.I value on the first day after treatment. These findings indicate a spray-type solution containing 2% $\alpha$-terpinene may serve as an alternative mosquito repellent and further studies need to reduce the eye irritation with formulation changes.

• 한국산학기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국산학기술학회 2005년도 춘계학술발표논문집
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• pp.287-289
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• 2005

Repellent effcacies of two natural aroma compounds. citronella and citronellal, against mosquitoes were evaluated both in field and in vitro. In vitro, the experiment was conducted with three controlled bands impregnated with $30\%$ citronella extract, $15\%$ citronella extract and $30\%$ citronellal extract, and with band impregnated $30\%$ citronella in field. Raw data was obtained by the means of counting numbers bitten by mosquitoes per unit time, namely human bait method. Comparative repellent efficacies of above three controlled bands were calculated at $86\%$, $73\%$, and $78\%$, respectively in vitro, and $80\%$ in field, showing high repellent effectiveness against mosquitoes. This estimation was also confirmed by t-test compared between control group and each experimental group.