• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.50-54
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• 2009

Purpose: The authors evaluated the clinical results and prognosis after amputating the lower extremity due to diabetic foot. Materials and Methods: From 1991 to 2003, the patients who had suffered amputation of his lower extremity due to diabetic foot ulcer were evaluated retrospectively. 79 patients were male and 6 patients were female. The author evaluated the patient who had the ipsilateral additional surgery, contralateral amputation, level of blood sugar, combined disease and mortality rate within 5 years from medical record. Statistical analysis was done by Chi-square test and Kaplan-Meier survival test. Results: Mean age of patients who had first experienced amputation was 63.4 years old. The mean duration of diabetes until amputation was $14.5{\pm}7.5$ years. Major amputations were 50 cases and minor amputations 35 cases. 20 patients (23.5%) were suffered ipsilateral secondary surgery including revised stump. Overall 5-year mortality rate was 18.8% (16 cases). Death rate within 1 year was 8.2% (7 cases), mortality rate within 3 years was 14.1% (12 cases). 5-year mortality rate after major amputation was 20% (10 cases) and after minor amputation was 17.1% (6 cases). It was statistically significant (p<0.05). Patient who underwent more than 2 combined vascular related disease had higher mortality rate than diabetic amputee without combined disease (p<0.05). Conclusion: Mortality rate after major amputation was significant higher than amputation after minor amputation in diabetic patients from our data.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.219-223
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• 2018

Objective : To investigate nationwide statistics on flow-diverting stent usage for cerebral aneurysm treatment and related mortality data. Methods : We requested data extraction from the National Health Insurance Service claims database using electronic data interchange codes (J3207064, J3207073). Patient and hospital information as well as death statistics were collected from the database. Results : A total of 169 procedures were performed using flow-diverting stents for cerebral aneurysm treatment from November 2014 to December 2016 in Korea. The majority of primary diagnosis was unruptured intracranial aneurysm. During the study period, nine subjects died, including one patient initially diagnosed with subarachnoid hemorrhage. The crude mortality rate was 5.3%. Five patients died within one month after the procedure; therefore, the estimated periprocedural mortality rate was $3.0{\pm}1.3%$. The mortality rate as of the last day of 2016 was $6.3{\pm}2.1%$. Conclusion : In a 171 person-year follow-up in a Korean series, nine deaths occurred after flow-diverting stent treatment. The crude mortality rate in Korea (5.3%) was higher than that reported in a previous meta-analysis (3.8%).

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.644-656
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• 1984

In Tetralogy of Fallot, the most common congenital cyanotic heart disease, the mortality is decreasing continuously with adequate type and timing of operation. At S.N.U.H., 195 patients were operated from January 1982 to December 1983 and 176 patients among them were analysed in the view of pre-operative pulmonary arterial condition measured by cardiac cineangiogram. The most common associated anomaly was PFO and ASD and they did not affect the postoperative course and mortality. The overall mortality rate was 8.5% in 1982 and 6.8% in 1983 but under 2 years of age, the mortality rate was relatively high as 25% in 1982 and 16.7% in 1983, and when transannular patch widening of Right Ventricular Outflow Tract was used, the mortality rate was 12.5% in 1982 and 27.3% in 1983. Preoperative angiographic measurements of the pulmonary arterial status for prediction of the ratio between the Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular peak systolic pressure were calculated retrospectively according to the Blackstones formula, and the predicted value of PRV/LV greater than 0.6 carried apparently high complication and mortality rate as 16.6% M.R. in 1982 and 11.1 % in 1983. Among postoperative complications, c-RBBB occurred most frequently about 50% but did not influenced to mortality, Low Cardiac Output Syndrome was developed in about 40%. If we select the patient who should have the staged operation including shunt operation and choose the type of RVOT relief, we expect the improvement of postoperative clinical results.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.459-464
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• 2009

Data and pedigree information for Lori-Bakhtiari sheep used in this study were 6,239 records of lamb mortality from 246 sires and 1,721 dams, collected from 1989 through 2007 from a Lori-Bakhtiari flock at Shooli station in Shahrekord. The traits investigated were cumulative lamb mortality from birth up to 7 days, up to 14 days, up to 21 days, and up to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 months of age. The models included fixed factors that had significant effects and random direct genetic, maternal genetic and maternal permanent environmental effects. Variance components were estimated using the restricted maximum likelihood procedure applying three animal models with and without maternal and common environmental effects. The overall mean of cumulative lamb mortality rate was 22.95% from birth to 1 year of age, while the overall mortality rate up to 3 and from 3 to 6 months of age was 6.14% and 12.76%, respectively. The mortality rate after 6 months of age declined as the lambs grew older. The age of dam had no important effect on lamb mortality. The type of birth was more important during the preweaning period than at later ages, and lamb mortality rate was higher in twins. The year of birth, month of birth and sex of lamb significantly (p${\leq}$0.01) affected the cumulative lamb mortality rate at all ages. The least square mean of mortality during the final one-third of the lambing period was higher than the first and middle onethird of the lambing period. Male lambs were found to be at a higher risk of mortality than females. Birth weight of the lamb had a highly significant (p${\leq}$0.01) effect on lamb mortality at all ages as a quadratic regression. Direct and maternal heritability estimates of lamb mortality ranged from 0.01 to 0.13 and 0.01 to 0.05, respectively. Direct heritability increased with age of lamb, while maternal effects (genetic and common environmental) were important in the preweaning period. These results indicate that lamb mortality can be reduced first through farm management practices and secondly by genetic selection. Both animal and maternal effects should be considered in breeding programmes for reducing lamb mortality at preweaning.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.14
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• pp.5829-5834
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• 2015

Objective: To describe and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of lung cancer mortality in China from 1991 to 2013, forecast the future five-year trend and provide scientific evidence for prevention and management of lung cancer. Materials and Methods: Mortality data for lung cancer in China from 1991 to 2013 were used to describe epidemiological characteristics. Trend surface analysis was applied to analyze the geographical distribution of lung cancer. Four models, curve estimation, time series modeling, gray modeling (GM) and joinpoint regression, were performed to forecast the trend for the future. Results: Since 1991 the mortality rate of lung cancer increased yearly. The rate for males was higher than that for females and rates in urban areas were higher than in rural areas. In addition, our results showed that the trend will continue to increase in the ensuing 5 years. The mortality rate increased from age 45-50 and peaked in the group of 85 years old. Geographical analysis indicated that people living in northeast China provinces and the coastal provinces in eastern China had a higher mortality rate for lung cancer than those living in the centre or western Chinese provinces. Conclusions: The standardized mortality rate of lung cancer has constantly increased from 1991 to 2013, and been predicted to continue in the ensuing 5 years. Further efforts should be concentrated on education of the general public to increase prevention and early detection. Much better prevention and management is needed in high mortality areas (northeastern and eastern parts of China) and high risk populations (45-50-year-olds).

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.127-135
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• 2005

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the trend of tuberculosis mortality rate by years and by areas. Methods: We calculated raw and age-adjusted mortality rate of tuberculosis from 1995 to 2002. The calculation was based on the data from resident registration data and death certification registration data gathered by 232 basic local authority. We used direct age standardization method for calculating age-adjusted mortality rate. We compared patterns of change in tuberculosis mortality rate of metropolitan areas, cities, and countryside by determinating the comparability of medels to explore linear relationship. We also analyzed the data of mortality rate between urban and rural area by comparing ANOVA and post-hoc by two periods: one from 1995 to 1998, and the other from 1999 to 2002. Results: In national mortality rate, both raw and age-adjusted mortality rate showed negative linear relationship. However, the graph become more horizontal: the slope line is close to zero. From 1995 to 1998, countryside showed significantly higher age-adjusted mortality rate than in metropolitan areas and cities. Ever after considering more horizontal graph in national mortality rate, the data shows that the countryside still have significantly higher mortality rate from 1999 to 2002. In model diagnostic checking, metropolitan areas and cities showed apparently linear pattern on the decrease of age-adjusted mortality rate. Pattern of mortality rate in countryside was decreased initially, but became flat. Conclusions: Further research is necessary to explore the characteristics of quality of tuberculosis control program in rural area. Different approach and strategies should be considered to decrease tuberculosis mortality rate in rural areas.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.463-468
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• 2000

Ther effect of UV on the mortality rate of toxic dinoflagellate Amphidinium Carterae causing a red tide in the coastal area of korea was investigated in the batch and continuous-scale reactor equipped with ultraviolet irradiation-apparatus. Degussa P(sub)25 titanium oxide, a photocatalyst proved to be effective of the mortality of Amphidinium Carterae supplied with photocatalyst and UV radiation were greater than 95% in 2 minutes of UV radiation and the rate were higher than that by UV-radiation without titanium dioxide in the batch and continuous-flow scale reactor, The mortality time of Amphidinium Carterae increased with the cell density under UV-illumination in the batch scale reactor. The mortality rate in the density of $5.0$\times$10^4$ cell/mL at the same experimental condition was more than 90% in 4 minutes in the continuous flow scale reactor. The percentage of 99.9$\pm$0.1% of Amphidinium Carterae in the density of $0.5$\times$10^4$ cells/mL was died in 20 minutes when the phytoplankton was illuminated with UV-radiation without photocatalyst.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.18 no.1_2
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• pp.311-320
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• 2005

Studies in the evolutionary biology of aging require good estimates of the age-dependent mortality rate coefficient (one of the Gompertz parameters). In this paper we introduce an alternative algorithm for estimating this parameter. And we discuss the sensitivity of the estimates to changes in the other model parameters.

• Journal of Bone Metabolism
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.227-233
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• 2018

Background: Few studies have investigated the effects of sarcopenia on postoperative outcomes including mortality rates following surgery for osteoporotic hip fractures. The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia and the relationship between sarcopenia and 1- and 5-year mortality rates in a consecutive series of patients with osteoporotic hip fractures. Methods: Among patients who underwent hip surgery for osteoporotic hip fractures, this study included 91 patients subjected to abdominal computed tomography within 1 year of hip surgery. We defined sarcopenia using sex-specific cut-off points for the skeletal muscle index at the level of the third lumbar vertebra. All patients were divided into 2 groups according to the presence or absence of sarcopenia and the 1- and 5-year mortality rates were compared. To confirm factors affecting mortality in addition to sarcopenia, we examined patient age, sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, location of fracture, type of surgery, and bone mineral density. Results: The 1- and 5-year mortality rates were 20.9% and 67.2%, respectively. Among the 45 patients with sarcopenia, the 1- and 5-year mortality rates were 22.2% and 82.7%, respectively. Of the 46 patients without sarcopenia, the 1- and 5-year mortality rates were 19.6% and 52.7%, respectively. Results of the Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that sarcopenia did not affect the 1-year mortality rate (P=0.793), but had a significant effect on the 5-year mortality rate (P=0.028). Both perioperative sarcopenia (P=0.018) and osteoporosis (P=0.000) affected the 5-year mortality rate. Conclusions: Sarcopenia increases the risk of 5-year mortality in patients with osteoporotic hip fractures.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5525-5528
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• 2012

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Improvements of early diagnosis modalities have led to longer survival rates. This study aimed to determine the 5, 10 and 15 year mortality rates of breast cancer patients compared to the normal female population. Materials and Methods: The follow up data of a cohort of 615 breast cancer patients referred to Iranian Breast Cancer Research Center (BCRC) from 1986 to 1996 was considered as reference breast cancer dataset. The dataset was divided into 5 year age groups and the 5, 10 and 15 year probability of death for each group was estimated. The annual mortality rate of Iranian women was obtained from the Death Registry system. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) of breast cancer patients were calculated using the ratio of the mortality rate in breast cancer patients over the general female population. Results: The mean age of breast cancer patients at diagnosis time was 45.9 (${\pm}10.5$) years ranging from 24-74. A total of 73, 32 and 2 deaths were recorded at 5, 10 and 15 years, respectively, after diagnosis. The SMRs for breast cancer patients at 5, 10 and 15 year intervals after diagnosis were 6.74 (95% CI, 5.5-8.2), 6.55 (95%CI, 5-8.1) and 1.26 (95%CI, 0.65-2.9), respectively. Conclusion: Results showed that the observed mortality rate of breast cancer patients after 15 years from diagnosis was very similar to expected rates in general female population. This finding would be useful for clinicians and health policy makers to adopt a beneficial strategy to improve breast cancer survival. Further follow-up time with larger sample size and a pooled analysis of survival rates of different centres may shed more light on mortality patterns of breast cancer.