• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.4
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• pp.357-362
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• 2008

We compared the morphological characters and stable isotopes of seeds of wild simulated ginseng with those of cultivated field ginseng. Seeds were collected from ten areas for wild simulated ginseng and two areas for cultivated field ginseng. The length, width, thickness and number of seeds per gram were measured and the ratio of stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen was analysed as well. There was a overlapping variation of morphological characters and the ratio of stable isotope of the wild simulated ginseng among study areas. In Geumsan area, compared with the seed of cultivated field ginseng, the seed of wild simulated ginseng was significantly small and light, and the ${\delta}^{15}N$(‰) of wild simulated ginseng was lower than that of cultivated field ginseng. However, it is somewhat impossible to compare the regional variation of the unique value of ${\delta}^{15}N$(‰) among study areas of wild simulated ginseng. We can suggest the value of ${\delta}^{15}N$(‰) can be used as detection factor for cultivation regime like chemical fertilization and organic farming.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.239-243
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• 2006

Orostachys japonicus, a monocarpic plant, is artificially grown in greenhouses. The study was carried out to examine the effect of shading (0, 35, 55, 75, 95%) on growth, morphological characters, and flowering. The treatments were done on August 25 and afterward samples were taken every 2 weeks until October 20, in which growth, morphological and flowering related characters were measured. With severer shading plant height, inflorescence length, number of leaves including bracts and stem diameter were decreased although severely declined in 95% shading treatment. Leaves and bracts, stem, root, shoot and total dry weights increasingly declined with severer shading. Florets formed on the inflorescence showed similar response to the shading treatment as plant height did. Flowering of the florets was not observed throughout all the sampling period, meaning that different light intensities by shading did not affect their flowering.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.105-115
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• 2001

These studies were conducted to compare the external radulae of seven species (Semisulcospira gottschei, S. coreana, S. forticosta, S. tegulata, S. ibertina, Koreanomelania nodifila and Koreoleptoxis globus ovalis) of freshwater snails in three genera of the family Pleuroceridae in Korea. Under a microscope of 100 magnifications, observation of seven species can be distinguished sharply between three genera of Semisuicospira, Koreanomelania and Koreoleptoxis, and the morphological characters of radulae can be used as taxonomic tool in genus level of Pleuroceridae. Besides SEM photograph of the radulae based on the morphological characters in seven species can be verified a new criteria for classification of genus' unit grade in accord with firsthand drawing sketch under a microscope of 100 magnifications. But it is difficult that all of the species can be detected sharply the difference of interspecies by comparisons of radulae in the family Pleuroceridae in Korea. Therefore, the morphological characters of radulae can not be set a criteria for classification of species level.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.64 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1984

Two fast-growing clones 65-29-19 and 66-6-8 and two less fast-growing clones 66-14-29 and 66-14-99 were compared at intensively cultured plots to identify what morphological characters are related to fast growth and high biomass yield of Populus alba ${\times}$ Populus glandulosa $F_1$. The plantations were established in the spring of 1982 and 1983 at the Seoul National University nursery in Suweon. Differences in dry matter production were found among two-year-old clones but not, among one-year-old clones. Highly significant correlations were found between total leaf area per tree and total dry weight per tree and between total branch length per tree and total dry weight per tree for two-year-old clones. This relation was more obvious during the late growing season. Morphological characters desirable for producing high biomass identified in fast-growing clones were as follows; high shoot-root ratio, high leaf surface area per tree, long leaf retention period, and many small leaves and compact crown architecture in the upper portion of true crown.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 2008

Traditionally mungbean(Vigna radiata L.) sprouts has been eaten soon after washing. The study was carried out to measure the effect of washing before packaging on morphological characters and color of mungbean sprouts. The seeds of cv. Zhong Lu 1 were soaked in 50 ppm BA solution immediately before 4 hour aeration and then cultured for 6 days. The sprouts were washed immediately before packaged with PE envelops or not, and then stored 5 days at $8^{\circ}C$. Their morphological characters, fresh and dry weights, and colors were measured everyday. Compared to washed, nonwashed sprouts had more lateral roots although the two sprouts did nearly same in hypocotyl and root lengths, hypocotyl diameter, fresh and dry weights. Non-washed sprouts, moreover, showed higher brightness in hypocotyl and root and cutting resistance in hypocotyl although there were not significant differences in color a and b, meaning that the latter ones were more rapidly changed during their storage. In non-washed sprouts, number of lateral roots, hypocotyl length and diameter, total fresh and dry weights were nearly same up to 3 days and afterward were declined. Brightness and color b of hypocotyl were decreased with increased storage period although cutting resistance of hypocotyl was since 3 days after storage.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.429-433
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• 2007

Shoot weight of Orostachys japonicus should determine its profitability. The study was carried out to measure the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilization level (0, 5, 10, 20kg/10a) on its growth, morphological characters, and flowering. Night-break treatment of 2 hours at midnight were done since Aug. 25 when afterward samples were taken every 4 weeks to Nov. 16. Growth, morphological and flowering related characters were measured from each sample. Plant height, inflorescence length, number of leaves including bracts and stem diameter were decreased with increased N levels. Leaf and bract, floret, shoot and total dry weights as well as withering rate showed similar response to the above morphological characters. Florets were less formed with increased N levels but were not flowered due to the night-break treatment, meaning that N fertilization had little effect on its growth and anthesis of the florets.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.507-512
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• 2012

One leptocephalus (TL 59.9 mm) from the family Ophichthidae collected from Jeju Island, Korea, was identified using morphological and molecular methods. Our ophichthid leptocephalus was identified as belonging to the genus Muraenichthys based on morphological characters: 157 myomeres; the origin of the dorsal fin located a little in front of the anus; a distinct melanophore present on the opercle; and six gut swellings present. An analysis of 886 base pairs of the 12S rRNA mtDNA sequences showed that our leptocephalus must be Muraenichthys gymnopterus, because its sequences were concordant with those of an adult M. gymnopterus (d=0.001) and next to those of Muraenichthys sp. leptocephalus (d=0.034). Here, we are the first to describe the morphological characteristics of the M. gymnopterus leptocephalus.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.153-158
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• 2014

A natural intergeneric hybrid between Rhodeus pseudosericeus and Acheilognathus signifer was collected in their sympatric area, the Jucheongang (stream), the Namhangang (river), Korea. Morphological characters as well as mitochondrial cytochrome b (mt-cyb) gene were investigated to confirm the natural hybrid origin. In the comparison of morphological characters, the natural hybrid appeared to have intermediate characters between two parental species in several key characters such as the band of dorsal fins, the color pattern of body, and the body spot and stripe. Also, the collected specimen had an incomplete lateral line with a large number of pored scales. In analysis of mt-cyb gene, it revealed that the maternal species of the natural hybrid appeared to be R. pseudosericeus due to their 100% sequence identity. Thus, such results gave convincing evidence for the occurrence of a natural intergeneric hybrid between Rhodeus pseudosericeus and Acheilognathus signifer.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.117-137
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• 1990

The morphological characters of the family Bagridae living in the river systems flowing into the south and western seas of Korea were reviewed and a taxonomic revision was made. The family Bagridae was classified into two genera: Pseudobagrus and Leiocassis. Species corresponding to genus Pseudobagrus were P. fulvidraco, P. koreanus Uchida, sp. nov., P. brevicorpus, and genus Leiocassis were L. nitidus, L. ussuriensis, and L. longirostris. Among them Pseudobagrus koreanus Uchida, sp. nov. and P. brevicorpus are endemic species of Korea. As the intergeneric taxonomic characters, the outstanding morphological differences between genera Pseudobagrus and Leiocassis were distinguished in following characters; the serrated structure of pectoral spine, the length of barbels, the number of pectoral fin rays, the structure of cranial lateral line system and the fused state of 3-4 hypurals. Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and Coreobagrus brevicorpus recorded previously in Korea were classified as Pseudobagrus fulvidraco and P. brevicorpus, respectively. Pelteobagrus nitidus and Pseudobagrus ussuriensis are also changed to genus Leiocassis. The characters of interspecific classification belonging to genera Pseudobagrus and Leiocasis were the shape of caudal fin, the form of body, the length of body, the number of anal fin ray and the number of gill rakers. Pseudobagrus sp. was named into Pseudobagrus koreanus Uchida, sp. nov..

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.199-204
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• 2015

A natural hybrid between Acheilognathus signifer and A. lanceolatus was collected in their sympatric area, the Gimhwanamdaecheon of Hangang (River), Korea. Morphological characters, mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (cyt b), and recombination-activating gene 1 (RAG-1) were investigated to confirm the natural hybrid origin. As a result of morphological characters, the natural hybrid was appeared to have intermediate characters between two parental species in three characters; the band of dorsal fin, the color patterns of anal fin membrane, and the body color. In analysis of cyt b, it was revealed that the maternal species of the natural hybrid was appeared to be A. signifer due to their 99.9% sequence identity. Also, in analysis of RAG-1, an electropherogram of the hybrid individual displayed double peaks, strongly indicating its hybrid state.