• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.627-631
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• 2014

As an effective method for extraction of acrylic acid, aqueous two-phase systems based on morpholinium ionic liquids were used in this study. Effects of the alkyl chain length of cation in morpholinium ionic liquids on phase diagram and extraction efficiencies were investigated. Experimental results show that aqueous two phase systems can be formed by adding appropriate amount of morpholinium ionic liquids to aqueous $K_2HPO_4$ solutions. It can be found that the ability of morpholinium ionic liquids for phase separation followed the order [HMMor][Br]>[OMMor][Br]>[BMMor][Br]>[EMMor][Br]. There was little difference between binodal curves of imidazolium ionic liquids and those of morpholinium ionic liquids. 50~90% of the extraction efficiency was observed for acrylic acid by aqueous two phase extraction of acrylic acid with morpholinium ionic liquids. It can be concluded that morpholinium ionic liquids/$K_2HPO_4$ were effective for aqueous two phases extraction of acrylic acid comparing to imidazolium ionic liquids/$K_2HPO_4$ systems because of their lower cost.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.500-505
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• 2013

In this study, we investigated the kinetics of gas hydrate formation in the presence of ionic liquid (IL). Hydroxyethyl-methyl-morpholinium chloride (HEMM-Cl) was chosen as a material for the promotion effect test. Phase equilibrium curve for $CH_4$ hydrate with aqueous IL solution was obtained and its induction time and consumed amount of $CH_4$ gas were also measured. Aqueous solutions containing 20~20,000 ppm of HEMM-Cl was prepared and studied at 70 bar and 274.15 K. To compare the measured results to those of the conventional promoter, sodium dodecyl sulfate was also tested at the same condition. Result showed that the hydrate equilibrium curve was shifted toward higher pressure and lower temperature region. In addition, the induction time on $CH_4$ hydrate formation in the presence of IL was not shown. The amount of consumed $CH_4$ was increased with the whole range of tested concentration of IL and the highest consumption of $CH_4$ happened at 1,000 ppm of HEMM-Cl. HEMM-Cl induced and enhanced the $CH_4$ hydrate formation with a small amount of addition. Obtained result is expected to be applied for the development of technologies such as gas storage and transport using gas hydrates.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 1985

The preparation of 2-(2,2,2-trichloroethylidene)cyclohexanone(1), as a key compound for synthesizing 2-substituted 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3-cinnolinones, was attempted by the enamine condensation of cyclohexanone with chloral. However, the condensation of 1-morpholino-1-cyclohexene (2) with chloral afforded 2-(1-hydroxy-2,2,2-trichloroethyl) cyclohexanone (3), and its dehydration led to 2-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2-cyclohexenone (4). 2-Aryl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3-cinnolinones could be synthesized using morpholinium ${\alpha}$-(4-morpholinyl)-${\alpha}$-(2-oxocyclohexyl)-acetate (5) in place of 1 with arylhydrazines.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.702-707
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• 2012

During the last few decades, toxic chemicals used in various industries have caused global pollution and the side products such as carbon dioxide and methane gas have contributed to global warming. Thus, it is desirable to develop new alternative solvents. It is well known that ionic liquids display a variety of environmentally friendly physical properties: nonvolatile, nonflammable, wide electrochemical windows, high inherent conductivities, wide thermal operating ranges, chemically inert, and limited miscibilities with organic solvents. Because of these characteristics, ionic liquids are promising candidates as solvents for synthetic chemistries, catalysis, and gas separations. In this study, we synthesized morpholiunium salts as N-ethyl-N-methylmorpholine Bromide, N-butyl-N-methylmorpholine Bromide, N-octyl-N-methylmorpholine Bromide, N-ethyl-N-methylmorpholine Tetrafluoroborate, N-butyl-N-methylmorpholine Tetrafluoroborate, N-octyl-N-methylmorpholine Tetrafluoroborate, N-ethyl-N-methylmorpholine Hexafluorophosphate, N-butyl-N-methylmorpholine Hexafluorophosphate, and N-octyl-N-methylmorpholine Hexafluorophosphate. The melting points, decomposition temperatures and electrochemical stabilities of the salts were measured by DSC, TGA, and CV, respectively. The salts with halide anion showed high melting points ($150{\sim}200^{\circ}C$), low decomposition temperatures ($200{\sim}230^{\circ}C$), narrow electrochemical stabilities (3.4~3.6 V). The synthesized salts with inorganic anions, on the other hand, presented low melting point ($50{\sim}110^{\circ}C$), high decomposition temperatures ($250{\sim}380^{\circ}C$), wide electrochemical stabilities (6.1~6.3 V). We also found that the properties depend on the length of the carbon chain.