• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.477-492
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• 2000

The purposes of this study were 1) to identify incidence, severity and duration of morning sickness; 2) to explore the diet relieving nausea; and 3) the demographic factors related to morning sickness. The data were collected on 281 pregnant women by the questionnaire comprized of demographic variables, obstetric characteristics, and pattern of morning sickness from 6 weeks gestational period to 30 weeks, who visited prenatal clinic of three general hospitals and a public health center in Seoul. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and $x^2$ test, using the program of SPSS/WIN 8.0. The results were as follows; 1. Incidence of morning sickness comprised of 72.3% pregnant women. Occurrence of morning sickness was gestational mean of 5.93 weeks, and morning sickness ceased after gestational mean of 14.62 weeks. 2. Of those women who experienced morning sickness 27.9% had morning sickness in the morning and 19.7% in the afternoon, and 45.3% had morning sickness for 1 hour in duration and 19.2% throughout the entire day. 3. Of those pregnant women 51.2% had moderate discomfort and 33.5% had severe discomfort in morning sickness. The situations that triggered morning sickness were 'hunger' for 32.9%, 'smell' for 30.3%, and 'cooking' for 23.3%. 4. The affects of morning sickness to lifestyle were 'moderate change' for 39.9%, 'mild change' for 33.5%, and 'much change' for 23.6%. 5. To remedy morning sickness 34.6% of pregnant women tried to eat fruits, and 14.8% tried to drink carbonated beverage. The effective foods relieving morning sickness were fruits for 38.4%, carbonated beverage for 15.6% and dry carbohydrate for 12.0% of pregnant women. The ineffective foods relieving it were milk for 31.0% and dry carbohydrate for 23.7% of pregnant women. 6. The level of relieving of morning sickness by diet were 'mild' for 55.7%, 'no change' for 21.7%, and 'moderate' for 17.7% of pregnant women. 7. There was a significant association with morning sickness and age, but no significant associations with morning sickness and parity, educational level, occupation, type of marriage, and type of family.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.92-95
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• 2001

The Baghabarighat Milk Shed Area (BMSA), in Bangladesh belonging to the Bangladesh Milk Producers Cooperative Union Limited (BMPCUL) was selected to study the qualitative and quantitative aspects of dairy milk and to establish a trend throughout the year (July 1995 to June 1990) of milk collected at morning and evening, and daily. The average fat, solids-not-fat (SNF) and total solid (TS) contents of the morning milk were 4.58, 7.75 and 12.33%, respectively, and evening milk contained 5.41, 7.81 and 13.23%. The values for the quality varied (p<0.01) throughout the year without a specific trend. Higher milk collection occured at morning (52.77%) than evening (47.24%), but total yield of fat from morning milk was lower (48.74%) than evening milk (51.26%) due to a lower fat value (4.58%). Yield of SNF (52.57% morning, 47.37% evening) followed the values of the amount of milk collected due to their similar value at morning (7.75) and evening (7.81). Overall, TS yield was 51 and 49% from morning and evening. There was not a significant (p>0.01) relationship between fat and TS values of morning milk with those of evening milk, but there was a correlation (p<0.01) between milk yield at morning and all other parameters for evening. Solids-not-fat value of morning milk was related with yield and SNF value of milk from evening, but not with fat and TS evening milk. It may be concluded that evening milk contains higher amounts of fat, SNF and TS, but yields were higher at morning, except fat. Milk collected at morning showed a relationship with all the parameters found at evening.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.218-230
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• 2011

본 연구는 식이섬유가 풍부한 고아미 소비를 증가하고자 밀가루 대신 고아미 쌀가루로 모닝빵을 제조하고자 하였다. 고아미 가루의 입도는 5분, 10분, 15분, 20분 분쇄기에 갈아 달리하였으며, 밀가루반죽과 같은 경도를 찾기 위해 물의 양을 달리하여 고아미 반죽의 경도를 측정한 결과 최적의 물의 양은 119 mL~218 mL 이었다. GB4는 60분경과 발효율이 가장 좋았으며, 모닝빵의 부피는 밀가루 모닝빵이 가장 컸고, 경도는 밀가루 모닝빵과 GB4가 비슷하였으며, 명도는 밀가루빵이 가장 밝았다. 관능검사결과 밀가루빵이 가장 선호되었고, 고아미 모닝빵 중에서는 15분 분쇄한 가루로 만든 GB3와 GB4가 선호되었다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.633-638
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to assess the physicochemical characteristics of morning rolls containing various levels (0, 2, and 4%) of Makgeolli lees extract powder, which has nutritional and health effects. The results demonstrated that pH, moisture content, volume, weight, and baking loss rate of morning rolls were not significantly different among the groups. In the morning rolls with 4% Makgeolli lees extract powder, the Hunter's color 'a' (redness), but not L (lightness) or b (yellowness), was significantly higher than that in the other two groups. After estimating the texture quality of morning rolls, hardness, chewiness, and gumminess decreased significantly with added Makgeolli lees extract powder, but springiness was not significantly different. The results of the sensory test showed that appearance and texture increased as more Makgeolli lees extract powder was added, and that the overall acceptability score and air cell uniformity score for 2% and 4% Makgeolli lees extract powder morning rolls were significantly higher than those of controls. These results indicate that the texture and sensitivity of morning rolls can be increased by adding Makgeolli lees extract powder without affecting the overall quality.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제57권9호
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• pp.403-409
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• 2014

Purpose: Although high morning blood pressure (BP) is known to be associated with the onset of cardiovascular events in adults, data on its effects in children with hypertension are limited. Our retrospective study aimed to define the clinical characteristics of children with morning hypertension (MH) and to determine its associated factors. Methods: We reviewed 31 consecutive patients with hypertension, confirmed by the ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). We divided these patients into 2 groups: the MH group (n=21, 67.7%), morning BP above the 95th percentile for age and height (2 hours on average after waking up) and the normal morning BP group (n=10, 32.3%). We compared the clinical manifestations, laboratory results, and echocardiographic findings including left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) between the groups. Results: The early/atrial (E/A) mitral flow velocity ratio in the MH group was significantly lower than that in the normal morning BP group. In addition, LV mass was higher in the MH group than in the normal morning BP group, although the difference was not statistically significant. The age at the time of hypertension diagnosis was significantly higher in the MH group than in the normal morning BP group (P =0.003). The incidence of hyperuricemia was significantly higher in the MH group than in the normal morning BP group. Conclusion: Older patients and those with hyperuricemia are at higher risk for MH. The rise in BP in the morning is an important factor influencing the development of abnormal relaxation, as assessed by echocardiography. Clinical trials with longer follow-up periods and larger sample sizes are needed to clarify the clinical significance of MH.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.138-148
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• 2003

Morning sickness during pregnancy is a very common functional problem with different kinds of symptom, but little data are available concerning the nutrition intervention program fur pregnant women in local area. A total of 152 pregnant women who had experienced morning sickness were surveyed to investigate the relationships between morning sickness, nutrient intakes and pregnancy outcome. The results showed that prevalent symptoms were nausea (68.4%), heartburn (59.2%), morning sickness (48.7%), vomiting (42.1%), and constipation (44.7%). The onset of the symptom occurred during the first 3 months (9.3 $\pm$ 2.3 weeks) ; 21.1% of the subjects was experienced two symptom at the same time. This significantly correlated with vomiting (p < 0.01), nausea (p < 0.001), morning sickness (p < 0.001), and heartburn (p < 0.01) with pregnancy weight. There were also correlations between the four symptoms and nutrient intakes. Mean birth weight of 21 newborns was 3.06 $\pm$ 0.42 kg, and the one and five minutes of Apgar scores were 7.74 $\pm$ 0.99 and 8.84 $\pm$ 0.69, respectively. There were negative correlations between vomiting and pregnancy outcomes (p < 0.05). Our data support that morning sickness, especially vomiting during pregnancy is associated with Apgar score and body weight of newborn. (Korean J Community Nutrition 8(2) : 138~148, 2003)

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.102-114
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• 2014

본 연구는 쌀의 소비를 촉진하고자 섬유소가 풍부한 곡류(현미, 보리, 귀리, 고아미 2호)로 파베이크 모닝빵을 제조하여 밀가루 모닝빵과 품질 특성을 측정하였다. 반죽의 발효율을 75분간 측정한 결과, 밀가루로 만든 반죽이 가장 컸고, 빵의 부피도 밀가루로 만든 모닝빵이 유의적으로 가장 컸다. 무게는 귀리와 고아미 가루로 만든 빵의 무게가 가장 무거웠고, 비용적은 고아미로 만든 빵이 가장 높았으며, 오븐 스프링은 대조군이 가장 높았다. 텍스처의 경도 측정 결과, 고아미로 제조한 모닝빵과 밀가루빵의 경도가 비슷하였으며, 색 측정 결과 명도는 밀가루로 만든 빵이 가장 밝았고, 그 다음이 고아미 모닝빵이었다. 영상 측정 결과, 빵의 껍질의 두께는 보리와 고아미로 만든 빵이 유의적으로 얇았고, 기공의 조밀도는 모든 곡류빵이 대조군에 비해 조밀하였다. 관능검사 결과, 밀가루로 만든 빵이 가장 선호되었고, 곡류로 제조한 빵 중에서는 고아미로 만든 것이 가장 선호되었다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.204-221
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• 2021

The morning ritual was a rite whereby a morning audience with the emperor was held for feudal lords sovereigns and subjects living in the precincts, monarchs or foreign envoys of the outskirts of the capital, and other ethnic group. Distinction between the main and subordinate rituals, changes in the ceremony according to the times, and the position or rank of those participating in the rite, were factors that directly affected the costumes worn for ritual. Accordingly, in this paper, the costumes worn by members of the Ming dynasty (emperor, prince imperial, prince) were examined in terms of the period and detailed ceremonies with a focus on the morning ritual and costume systems presented in the official historical records. Through this study, only Mian-fu (冕服) and Pi-bian-fu (皮弁服) were defined by the costume system ase costumes worn in the morning ritual. However, through comparative analysis with the morning ritual system, it was confirmed that Tongtian-guan-fu (通天冠服), Yishan-guan-fu (翼善冠服), and Bianfu (便服: slightly casual wear) were also worn. It is worth noting that the color of Gunlong-pao (袞龍袍) was differentiated according to status; the Emperor wore yellow, the Prince Imperial and lower levels wore red, which was the traditional perception of academia. However, following confirmation of the custom costume for the morning ritual, it was confirmed that the color of this differentiation appeared during the 3rd year of Emperor Yongle of Ming (1305). Previously five traditional colors (blue, red, yellow, white, and black) were used for the season.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.70-76
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• 2005

It is known that natural awakening of us in the morning is due to stimulation of the reticular activation system through biological clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of hypothalamus by the morning sunlight. If we sleep at dark rooms without windows and so without morning sunlight, thus, it is not easy fur us to get up refreshingly in the morning. In this paper, we propose an automatic sunrise household lighting system that helps us fer getting up cheerfully in the morning even if we sleep in dark rooms without morning sunlight. The proposed lighting system is an embedded system that turns automatically on the electric lamp and makes it brighter and brighter coincidently with the actual sunrise. The proposed system is composed of a PIC microcontroller with flash memory, a real-time clock IC, a D/A converter, an amplifier, a dimmer unit, a light bulb, a display panel and a keyboard. The validity of the proposed intelligent lighting system is demonstrated via a prototype production and experimentation.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
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• 한국우주과학회 2010년도 한국우주과학회보 제19권1호
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• pp.40.2-40.2
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• 2010

It has been reported that geosynchronous magnetopause crossings are more frequently observed in the prenoon sector than in the postnoon sector, indicating a dawn-dusk magnetopause asymmetry during extreme solar wind conditions. Motivated by these observations, we investigate geosynchronous magnetic field variations normalized to SYM-H when sudden commencements (SC) are observed on the ground. From a statistical analysis of the geosynchronous magnetic field responses to SC events from 1997 to 2006, we found that the normalized SC amplitude at geosynchronous orbit is larger in the morning sector than in the afternoon sector. In order to examine if this morning-afternoon asymmetry at geosynchronous orbit occurs only during disturbed geomagnetic conditions, we compared the geosynchronous magnetic field strength obtained in the morning and afternoon during undisturbed intervals (Kp < 3). We found that the asymmetry appears under undisturbed geomagnetic conditions and it is not due to solar wind aberration. This indicates that the morning-afternoon asymmetry was not strongly affected by changes in solar wind condition. Using solar wind data, we discuss what causes the morning-afternoon asymmetry at geosynchronous orbit.