• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.11
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• pp.131-140
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to investigate the dyeability, antibacterial activity and deodorization on cotton and silk fabrics dyed with extracted solution from gardenia. The results are as follows: 1. The K/S value of silk fabrics was higher than that of cotton fabrics, and the K/S value was slightly increased by mordanting with $SnCl_2.2H_2O$ and $K_2Cr_2O_{7}$ on cotton and silk fabrics. 2. Cotton fabrics showed yellow from GY to Y and silk fabrics showed yellow or reddish yellow from GY to Y-YR. 3. The fastness to washing of cotton fabrics was very poor and that of silk fabrics was middle or lower, excluding good fastness to wool contamination of both fabrics. The fastness to dry cleaning and rubbing of both fabrics was very good. The fastness to perspiration of cotton fabrics was middle or higher, but that of silk fabrics was much better than that of cotton fabrics. The fastness to the light of both fabrics showed very poor with 1 grade. Dyeing fastness was slightly improved by mordanting on both fabrics. 4. Silk and cotton fabrics did not show antibacterial activity, but the activity of silk fabrics was higher than that of cotton fabrics. The antibacterial activity was increased by mordanting. 5. The deodorization of dyed cotton and silk fabrics was excellent, and that of silk fabrics showed better than that of cotton fabrics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.466-475
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• 2011

The dyeing properties of protein fiber with pine needles colorants were studied through an investigation of the effect of dyeing conditions such as dye concentration, dyeing temperatures and time on dye uptakes, effect of mordants, and color change. In addition, the various colorfastness of dyed silk and wool fabrics were evaluated for practical use. The antimicrobial ability, ultraviolet-cut ability, and deodorant ability were also estimated. The dye uptake increased as the dyeing concentration increased and this enabled the obtainment of the Langmuir absorption isotherm. The dye uptake increased as the dyeing time and temperature increased. Pine needles colorants showed relatively good affinity to protein fiber and produced a yellow color. Post-mordanting was more effective than the pre-mordanting, and the dye uptake of fabrics improved by mordanting. Except for washing, the colorfastness of dyed fabrics showed a low rating. However, the colorfastness to light and the dry cleaning of fabrics mordanted with N.Cu, and the friction fastness of fabrics mordanted with Cu improved. The guide fabrics showed very good antimicrobial abilities of 99.9%; in addition, the ultraviolet-cut ability and deodorant ability improved in fabrics dyed with pine needles extracts.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.35-41
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• 2008

This study investigated the dyeing properties of silk fabrics with Annatto. The dye stuff was extracted by distilled water at $60^{\circ}C$, 10minutes, 1:100 of bath ratio. Dyeability(K/S) and color fastness of silk fabrics were tested under conditions of various concentrations, time, temperature, repeat-numbers of dyeing, pH, mordants variables and methods of mordanting. The highest absorbance was found in methanol extract of Annatto. The optimum dyeing concentration, time and temperature of silk fabrics with Annatto were 25%(o.w.f.), 60min and $60^{\circ}C$ respectively. The K/S value showed higher in post-mordanting than in pre-mordanting, and especially post-Fe mordant showed highest K/S value. In the case of colorfastness, Cu-mordanted fabrics were good washing fastness. Dry cleaning fastness appeared 4-5 grades and light fastness showed lowest grade.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.268-275
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• 2017

As the substitute of synthetic coloring materials for hair dyeing, we selected some natural ones of three primary colors such as sappan wood, logwood(red), gardenia blue(blue) and amur cork tree(yellow). Mixed colorants and metallic mordanting technique were used to widen the color space of dyed samples. In view of similarity in morphological and chemical structure, wool was adopted as the reference material for human hair to evaluate the color properties of hair dyeing. The color properties of the dyed samples were evaluated by using CIE $L^*a^*b^*$ and Munsell color systems. The addition of an alum or ferrous mordants was effective to expand the color space of hair and to increase the colorfastness to washing and light more than the rating of 1. Displaying the dyed samples by using Munsell color system, better linearity of hue values between the dyed samples of wool and human hair was shown when alum mordant was used.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.82-87
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• 2010

The Hanji dyed with persimmon juice were useful goods in the past, but they are not widely used nowadays despite of their many strong points such as antibacterial and water-resistant properties. The object of this study is to provide useful data for developing new products by using them. We dyed traditional Korean hand-made papers (Hanji) with colorants extracted from fruits of Diospyros kaki and investigated the effect of various dyeing factors (mordant, mordanting method, pH of dyeing solution, light exposure time etc.) on optical and mechanical properties of the dyed Hanji. Changing mordant affected the color of dyed Hanji. The dyed Hanji after-mordanted with Cu mordant had the highest K/S value and showed the deepest yellow and red shade. The best mordanting method was an after-mordanting. The K/S value of dyed Hanji increased with decreasing pH of dyeing solution. The tensile index and size degree values of the Hanji were increased after dyeing.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.817-824
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• 2016

The introduction of natural dyes into modern dye houses is very promising green chemistry concept that should be popularized more to reduce the dependency of leather dyeing on some toxic and non-biodegradable synthetic dyes. In this study, the properties of dyeing of cochineal on cow leather were evaluated. The proper dyeing conditions were identified with dye uptake (K/S values) depending on the colorant concentration, dyeing duration, dyeing temperature, and dye bath pH. For the proper mordanting conditions, color changes for different mordants were observed as $La^{*}b^{*}$ and H V/C values. Color fastness (light, rubbing, and dry cleaning) was also examined. Additionally, antibacterial properties and UV protection were examined. The results were as follows: The optimized dyeing conditions were 300% o.w.f., $40^{\circ}C$, 40 min., and pH 5. The cow leather color was red in the absence of mordanting, while it was red purple after being mordanted with Al and Cu, and purple mordanted with Fe. The K/S value of cow leathers increased in the order of the dyeing using $AlK(SO_4)_2$ > $CuSO_4$ > $FeSO_4$. The colorfastness to light and rubbing were reduced compared to original (untreated) cow leather. However dry cleaning fastness was very satisfactory, with a 4~5 rating. The dyed and pre-mordanting dyed cow leather showed excellent antibacterial properties.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.119-129
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• 2020

Unlike synthetic dyes, natural dyes do not affect the human body or create atmosphere pollution that are also mothproof, antibiotic and sterilized. This study examined the changes in dye adsorption properties according to mordant types and mordanting method to qualify trends using sage and rosemary extracts. Dyeability of sage extract is often similar to rosemary extract regardless of dyeing conditions. Dyeing properties of herb colorants on cotton, silk and wool fiber and effect of dyeing conditions on dye uptake were also compared. Dyed fabric showed a yellowish color and the dyeing affinity was somewhat good with rosemary extract. The surface color of the dyed fabrics was darkened by mordant treatment. The K/S value of herb colorants of protein fiber was higher than cellulose fiber. The concentration of mordant having the highest dyeing affinity was different from the mordant type. Regardless of the type of fiber, the K/S value of premordanting was the highest in mordanting method, and the K/S value of simultaneous mordanting indicated no noticeable mordant effect. The fastness of washing of silk fabric was reduced the most by mordant treatment. The lightfastness was reduced in Al mordant treatment regardless of the type of fiber. The lightfastness of wool increased somewhat by mordant treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.336-346
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• 2011

Dyeing properties of protein fiber with bamboo colorants were studied by investigating the effect of dyeing conditions such as dye concentration, dyeing temperatures, times on dye uptakes, effect of mordants, and color change. The various colorfastness of dyed fabrics were evaluated for practical use. In addition, the antimicrobial ability, ultraviolet-cut ability, and deodorant ability were estimated. The dye uptake increased as the dyeing concentration increased. Bamboo colorants showed relatively good affinity to protein fiber and produced a yellow color. Dye uptake increased as the dyeing time and temperature increased. Post-mordanting was more effective than pre-mordanting. Mordants, Fe and N.Fe, were effective for increasing dye uptake. The color of fabric mordanted with Cu and N.Cu changed to GY. Colorfastness of dyed fabrics showed a relatively good rating, and mordanting had no significant effect on colorfastness. Dyed silk fabric showed very good antimicrobial abilities of 99.9%. Also, ultraviolet-cut ability and deodorant ability were improved in silk fabric dyed with bamboo extracts.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.242-253
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• 2014

Morinda citrifolia, commercially known as Noni, is a tree that grows widely throughout the Pacific, and is recognized as one of the most significant sources of traditional medicines among Pacific Island societies. All parts of the plant have traditional and/or modern uses, including roots and bark(dyes, medicine), trunks(firewood, tools), and leaves and fruits(food, medicine). The bark and the roots of the tree contain red and yellow pigments respectively, which are both used in the manufacture of dyes. Dyes from Noni are being used traditionally, to color clothing and fabrics. In this study, mordanting effects on the dyeing properties of Noni root extract on silk fabrics were investigated.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.18-26
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• 2006

In this study, the effects of chitosan pre-treatment on the mordanting effect and dyeability were investigated in the dyeing using Japanese pagoda tree. The chitosan treatment effects were evaluated mainly focused on the colors after dyeing of cotton and nylon fabrics which were treated with acidic aqueous solution of chitosan. In the case of chitosan untreated fabrics, the mordanting effects on the cotton and nylon were insignificant and the dyeability was very low. Regardless of the mordant types(Al, Sn, and Fe), the dyed fabrics exhibited almost identical yellowish colors. In the case of chitosan treated fabrics, dark colors were obtained compared to the case of chitosan untreated and ${\Delta}E$ values were increased significantly. In cotton fabrics, the most excellent result was obtained under the condition of unmordanted and chitosan treated fabrics. This verifies the fact that routin coloring matters establish direct linkages with the chitosan components, which exhibit cationic nature, easily. In nylon fabrics, the effects of mordanting treatment and chitosan treatment are so insignificant that the routin coloring matters are presumed to establish direct dyeing with the nylon molecular chains.