• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.77-86
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• 2011

Objectives: With increased rate of chronic disease, concerns about preventive medicine has raised. Therefore questionnaire of subhealth status was developed and analysed in our previous study. A large number of chronic diseases is related to emotional issues. This study was to confirm a relationship between mood state and health status in terms of modern people's healthcare. Methods: Subhealth Questionnaire and Korean version of Profile of Mood States(k-POMS) were putted by 113 college students. And correlation and regression analysis was conducted. Results: Subhealth questionnaire and k-POMS proved a significant correlation. In particular, subhealth factor 3(mood) had a significant correlation with all factors of k-POMS. Subhealth factor 1(body), subhealth factor 2(life) and subhealth factor 6(society) had significant correlations with 5 factors of k-POMS. Subhealth factor 4(energy) and subhealth factor 5(heredity) did not show significant results. 'Fatigue' factor of k-POMS was proved to be the most important factor influencing the subhealth status and illness, indicating high correlations with all of subhealth status.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.77-83
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• 2012

Objectives: Recent studies have reported a correlation between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) and depression. In attempt to verify the suggestion that eveningness is related to depression, we examined the effect of morningness-eveningness on their depressive mood in patinets with OSA. Methods: The examination was based on the medical records and polysomnography reports of 211 OSA patients. Information was gathered from the patients who filled out the H$\ddot{o}$rne and Ostberg questionnaire (HOQ), profile of mood states-Korean version (K-POMS), and Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS). We compared mean values of K-POMS total, subscales of K-POMS, ESS, and OSA severity variables among the 3 morningness-eveningness groups (morningness, eveningness, and neither groups). Partial correlation analysis was performed between variables and ANCOVA was performed among the 3 groups after adjustment with age and weight. Results: There were significant negative correlations between HOQ and the followings : K-POMS total, POMS-T (tension-anxiety), POMS-D (depression-dejection), POMS-A (anger-hostility), POMS-F (fatigue-inertia), POMS-C (confusion-bewilderment), spontaneous arousal index, average O2 saturation. There were significant positive correlations between HOQ and the followings : POMS-V (vigor-activity), apnea-hypopnea index, respiratory arousal index, snore time. There were significant negative correlations between POMS-D and the followings : HOQ, POMS-V, stage 1 sleep (%), AHI, TAI (total arousal index), oxygen desaturation index, respiratory arousal index, neck circumference, average O2 desaturation, snore time (%). There were significant positive correlations between POMS-D and K-POMS total, POMS-T, POMS-A, POMS-F, POMS-C, sleep latency, stage 2 sleep (%), heart rate, spontaneous arousal index. There were significant differences in K-POMS total, POMS-T, POMS-D, POMS-F, POMS-C, spontaneous arousal index among the three HOQ groups in ANCOVA. Conclusion: The depressive correlates of OSA patients might be affected, not by excessive daytime sleepiness or OSA severity indexes, but by eveningness circadian characteristics. It would be important to take into account the morningness-eveningness tendency when we manage the depressive mood of OSA patients.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.1147-1154
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• 1999

The Profile of Mood States (POMS) is the most widely used self-report instrument for the measurement of affect or mood in clinical and nonclinical populations. This paper reports on the translation and testing of a Korean version of the POMS. The translation involved three steps: translation, checking agreement, and panel discussions to arrive at consensus. Then, the Korean version of the POMS was tested with a sample of 47 healthy Koreans who lived in the U.S.; they completed the instrument in the morning, at the beginning of work and in the evening, at the end of work. Internal consistencies for the total scale and subscales were high (alphas ＝ .93 and .94). Face and content validity and the cultural relevance of the Korean version of the POMS were tested through review by five bilingual Korean nursing scholars who were familiar with Korean culture and with the current literature on affect, feeling or mood in both English and Korean. The Korean version of the POMS was then compared with the Haeok Fatigue Behavior Check-list and demonstrated with concurrent validity (r ＝ .87, p ＜ .001). Construct validity was established by demonstrating significant differences between the scores on the Fatigue and Vigor subscales (p ＜ .001) at the beginning work and at the end of work.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.423-433
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• 2016

This study compared the effect of different types of sounds(no sounds, sounds of nature, music, and sounds of children playing) on profile of mood states(POMS) in a healing forest. Data were collected from 231 respondents selected from among visitors to the 'Healing Field' in 'Jangseong Chukryongsan Pyeonbaek Healing Forest' in October, 2012. Each respondent was exposed to one type of sound. The results showed that there were differences in POMS among the different sound treatment groups. Sounds of children playing showed negative effects on POMS. Unexpectedly, however, sounds of nature and musical sounds had no effects on POMS. These tendencies were consistently found not only for total mood disturbance score (TMDS) but also for POMS by factors (i. e. tension, anger, vigor, fatigue, confusion, depression). Perceived crowding level was positively correlated with TMDS(r=0.568) and POMS by factors (range: r=0.331 - 0.571). This paper discusses the research results and suggests several managerial implications.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.1213-1222
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• 2016

Given the growing attention to nature and health in modern society, this study considered the role of a waterscape facility as a key element in a landscape's influence on users' physiological and psychological responses. The subjects were 28 university students, and the collected data included systolic and diastolic blood pressure, salivary amylase concentration, semantic differential (SD) scales, and profile of mood states (POMS). As compared to a space without any waterscape element (Type G), relaxation in a space with a waterscape element (Type W) was found to significantly reduce of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and salivary amylase concentration. The SD scale and POMS findings showed that Type W evoked active, bright, dynamic, free, vital, interesting, and cheerful images and improved mood states by enhancing vigor while inhibiting depressive feelings. These findings indicate waterscape facilities can improves users' mood states and may enhance their health.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.21-32
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was to identify the effects of the hand acupressure therapy on sleep quality and mood state of adults having insomnia. Methods: The study was a one group pretest-posttest design. The subjects for this study were 15 insomniac adults. All the subjects were assessed for their sleep quality and mood state using PSQI(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) and POMS(Profile of Mood States). The pellet stimulating hand acupressure therapy was applied using New Seoam Press Pellets 1 Ho for 4 weeks. Data were analyzed by the SPSS 12.0 version program with descriptive statistics and wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: The mean total score of PSQI was 6.67 and the POMS was 6.68. There were significant decreases in subject's total PSQI score(p=.000) and in total POMS score(p=.008) after the therapy. Conclusion: These results suggest that pellet stimulating hand acupressure therapy is effective for sleep quality and mood state of adults having insomnia.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.67-75
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• 2016

Objectives There was a correlation between respiratory index and Profile of Mood States (POMS). However, no study has examined the relationship between hyperventilation and POMS. Therefore, this study showed differences in POMS subscales and respiratory patterns between hyperventilation group and normal group. Methods 20 healthy men and women were to complete Nijmegen and Korean-Profile of Mood States(K-POMS) questionnaire aimed at subjects (13 men, 12 women). By attaching a capnometer to the nasal cavity portion, end-tidal $PCO_2$ was measured. Also, marker was attached at Zhangmen, Juque, Shuifen. The movement of the marker was taken as a web cam. Statistical analysis Mann Whitney U test was used for the nonparametric methods. Results In the subscale of K-POMS were significant differences(Tension-0.001, Anger-0.007, Fatigue-0.002, Depression -0.004) between the normal group and the group with the hyperventilation. In addition, between the two groups were obtained a significant result(0.046) in the movement of the Shuifen acupoint. Conclusions Nijmegen questionnaire score is higher, the higher negative subscale scores of K-POMS. Also, differences in Nijmegen questionnaire score may help to determine the presence or absence of the abdominal breathing.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.39-51
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• 2003

Objectives: The Profile of Mood States (POMS) has been used broadly and frequently in various medical studies with various subjects. For the development and application of the Korean edition of POMS, called K-POMS, we translated POMS into Korean and then evaluated the reliability and validity of K-POMS. Methods: The subjects were 161 male students with a mean age of 18.1 years (15-30) and 244 female students with a mean age of 16.6 years (14-23). They were requested to perform K-POMS and SCL-90-R (Korean version) at the same time. Means, reliability coefficients, and test-retest correlations of K-POMS were calculated. Content validities, correlations with SCL-90-R, and discrimination validities in comparison with 76 depressive patients were obtained, and factor analyses were carried out. Results: Mean scores of Total Mood Disturbance (TMD) and some subscales (T, F, C, V factor) showed a significant difference between male and female students. The internal consistency coefficient ($\alpha$) of the total 65 items was 0.93, and ranged from 0.67 to 0.90 for subscales. Test-retest correlations of 43 subjects ranged from 0.27 to 0.63. Seven psychiatrists rated the properness of the content of each item as more than moderate degree (mean scale points=2.66, in the range of 0 to 4). Every subscale of KPOMS exhibited significant correlation with the matching subscale of SCL-90-R. Mean scores of K-POMS of the total 405 subjects were significantly different from those of the 76 depressive subjects after age correction. Six factors were extracted, accounting for 51.2% of total variance. Factor 6 consisted of 6 items which came from various subscales of POMS and represented "uncertainty and helplessness," which may be somewhat different to depression or sadness proper. Conclusion: The validity and reliability of K-POMS could be confirmed. The significant difference in K-POMS scores between depressive subjects and normal subjects suggests that K-POMS can be used clinically for the evaluation and screening of depression. The main structure of K-POMS is very similar to that of POMS, except the Confusion-Bewilderment factor which shows weak factor consistency in K-POMS. This may reflect some emotional characteristic of Koreans such as an undifferentiated aspect of cognitive efficiency. The sixth factor newly extracted from K-POMS also may be indicative of an unique emotional aspect of young Koreans.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.84-95
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• 2008

Background and purpose: Health is characterized by variability and a loss variability is associated with aging and disease. Normal healthy respiratory patterns are characterized by breath to breath variability. The aim of this study is to analyze Correlation Analysis of 10 respiratory indices(include breath to breath variability) and K-POMS factors score. Method: Respiratory data were measured during 15 minutes and transferred to text file. We calculated 10 respiratory parameters in use of MATLAB7.1. After then do correlation analysis of 10 respiratory indices and K-POMS factors score. Result and conclusion: Respiratory variability is showed significant correlation with vigor factor. Respiratory rate is showed significant correlation with depression factor.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.287-295
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• 2002

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess social support, mood, and commitment to a plan for exercise of Korean adults with chronic diseases. Further, the relationships between social support, mood, and commitment to a plan for exercise were assessed. Method: The participants in this study were 230 Korean adults over 18 years of age with chronic diseases who were recruited in hospitals or health centers. The instruments used in this study were Exercise Social Support Scale, POMS (Profile of Mood States), and Commitment to a Plan for Exercise Scale. Result: The results of descriptive analysis showed that Korean adults with chronic diseases were perceived with relatively low commitment to a plan for exercise while they were perceived with moderate social support and mood states. Pearson's correlation coefficient showed significant relationship between these three variables. Stepwise regression indicated that 37% of the variance in commitment to a plan for exercise was explained by social support and vigor factor of the POMS. Conclusion: Health professionals can use this information for planning a targeted strategy to increase regular exercise among Korean adults with chronic diseases in order to improve their quality of life and control disease-related symptoms.