• 대한한의학방제학회지
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.77-93
• /
• 2004

Depression is a sort of mental disorder which is very common. To treat depression, many drugs such as TCA, MAOI are developed and used. But they have a lot of side effects, so it needs to develop drugs without side effects or with less side effects. Herbal medicines have been used to treat diseases not only physical but also mental and have less side effects. therefore, it has been thoght the need to develop herbal medicine with antidepressant effect. The purpose of this study was to reseach antidepressant effect and influence on monoamines of chunwangboshimdan thought to have antidepressant according to ancient medical book- donguibogam- and recent reports. We used 'forced swimming test(FST)' to know antidepressant effect of chunwangboshimdan and HPLC to check the influence on monoamines and their metabolites(norepinephrine, dopamine, DOPAC, HVA, serotonin, 5-HIAA) of chunwangboshimdan after divided into cerebral cortex, striatum, hypothalamus and hippocampus. The results were obtained as follows: In the study of antidepressant effect by 'forced swimming test(FST)'method, chunwang boshimdan had a significant antidepressant effect. In the study of influence on monoamines by HPLC, chunwangboshimdan mainly increased dopamine among monoamines and their metabolites(norepinephrine, dopamine, DOPAC, HVA, serotonin, 5-HIAA) significantly in 4 parts of rat's brain above-mentioned. Calculated by turnover ratio formulae of monoamine, chunwangboshimdan has more results than Imipramine. These results suggest that chunwangboshimdan has antidepressant effect that is related with the increase of monoamines by suppressing their metabolism as its mechanism.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제20권5호
• /
• pp.482-486
• /
• 2012

Cerebral monoamines play important roles as neurotransmitters that are associated with various stressful stimuli. Some components such as ginsenosides (triterpenoidal glycosides derived from the Ginseng Radix) may interact with monoamine systems. The aim of this study was to determine whether ginsenoside Rb1 can modulate levels of the monoamines such as dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (EP), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), 5-hydorxytryptamine (5-HT), 5-hydroxindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA), and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) in mice frontal cortex and cerebellum in response to immobilization stress. Mice were treated with ginsenoside Rb1 (10 mg/kg, oral) before a single 30 min immobilization stress. Acute immobilization stress resulted in elevation of monoamine levels in frontal cortex and cerebellum. Pretreatment with ginsenoside Rb1 attenuated the stress-induced changes in the levels of monoamines in each region. The present findings showed the anti-stress potential of ginsenoside Rb1 in relation to regulation effects on the cerebral monoaminergic systems. Therefore, the ginsenoside Rb1 may be a useful candidate for treating several brain symptoms related with stress.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
• /
• 제12궈1호
• /
• pp.111-122
• /
• 2001

Objectives : This study aimed to evaluate the anti-stress effects of Guibi-tang and Yisiungyojae-dan on the contents of monoamines in the regional brain of mice immobilized stress. Methods : The experimental animals were immobilized in stress cylinder(height: 15cm, diameter: 3cm) for 15 minutes, and administered of Guibi-tang(6.0mg/10g) and Yishingyojae-dan(9.3mg/10g) water extracts for 7 days before stress. The monoamines contents were measured by HPLC method in various part(frontal cortex, hypothalamus, corpus striatum and hippocampus) of mice brain. Results: 1. In frontal cortex, the contents of norepinephrine were decreased with statistical significantly in Yishingyojae-dan administered group compared to control group. The contents of serotonin were decreased with statistical significance in all of the administered group compared to control group. 2. In hypothalamus, the contents of norepinephrine were decreased with statistical significantly in Yishingyojae-dan administered group compared to control group. The contents of serotonin were decreased with statistical significance in all of the administered group compared to control group. 3. In corpus striatum, the contents of dopamine were decreased with statistical significantly in Yishingyojae-dan administered group compared to control group. The contents of serotonin were decreased with statistical significance in all of the administered group compared to control group. 4. In hippocampus, the contents of serotonin decreased with statistical significantly in Yishingyojae-dan administered group compared to control group. Conclusions: This study shows that Guibitang and Yishingyojae-don are significantly effective on reducing and preventing stress in mice. In addition, Yishingyojae-dan is more clear effective than Guibi-tang on the monoamines change in the mice brain.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
• /
• 제12궈1호
• /
• pp.97-109
• /
• 2001

Objectives : This study aimed to evaluate the anti-stress effects of Ansymondam-tang and Gamiondam-tang on the contents of monoamines in the regional brain of mice forced cold swimming stress in $4^{\circ}C$ water. Methods : The experimental animals were forced cold swimming stress for 3 minutes, and administered of Ansymondam-tang(2.2mg/10g) and Gamiondam-tang(0.83mg/10g) extract for 7 days before stress. The monoamines contents were measured by HPLC method in various part(frontal cortex, hypothalamus, corpus striatum and hippocampus) of mice brain. Results: 1. In frontal cortex, the contents of norepinephrine were increased with statistical significantly in all of the administered group compared to control group. The contents of dopamine and serotonin were increased in Gamiondam-tang administered group has a statistical significance. 2. In hypothalamus, the contents of dopamine were increased with statistical significance in all of the administered group compared to control group. 3. In corpus striatum the contents of norepinephrine were decreased and the contents of dopamine were increased with statistical significance in all of the administered group compared to control group. The contents of serotonin were increased in Gamiondam-tang administered group has a statistical significance. 4. In hippocampus the contents of norepinephrine were decreased with statistical significance in Gamiondam-tang administered group compared to control group. The contents of dopamine were increased in Ansymondam-tang administered group has a statistical significance. Conclusion : This study reaches a conclusion that Ansymondam-tang and Gamiondam-tang has significant effects .on reducing and preventing stress in mice. Especially Gamiondam-tang is more effective in the statistical significance than Ansymondam-tang on the monoamines change in the mice brain.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.79-94
• /
• 2003

This study aimed to evaluate the anti-stress effects of Palmuljungjiwon and Gamipalmuljungjiwon on the contents of monoamines in the regional brain of mice immobilized stress. The experimental animals were immobilized in stress cylinder(height: 15cm, diameter: 3cm) for 15 minutes, and administered of Palmuljungjiwon(1.14mg/l0g) and Gamipalmuljungjiwon(1.17mg/10g) water extract for 7 days before stress. The monoamines contents were measured by HPLC method in various part(frontal cortex, hypothalamus, corpus striatum and hippocampus) of mice brain. The following results were obtained : 1. In frontal cortex, the contents of norepinephrine a little decreased in all of the administered group, but the statistical significance was not recognized. The contents of dopamine were decreased with statistical significantly in Gamipalmuljungjiwon administered group compared to control group. The contents of serotonin were decreased with statistical significance in PalmulJungjiwon administered group compared to control group. 2. In hypothalamus, the contents of norepinephrine were decreased with statistical significantly in all of the administered group compared to control group. The contents of dopamine were decreased in all of the administered group compared to control group, but the statistical significance was not recognized. The contents of serotonin were decreased with statistical significantly in Gamipalmuljungjiwon administered group compared to control group. 3. In corpus striatum, the contents of norepinephrine were decreased with statistical significantly in Gamipalmuljungjiwon administered group compared to control group. The contents of dopamine were decreased in all of the administered group compared to control group, but the statistical significance was not recognized. The contents of serotonin were decreased with statistical significance in all of the administered group compared to control group 4. In hippocampus, the content of norepinephrine and dopamine a little decreased in all of the administered group, but the statistical significance was not recognized. The contents of serotonin were decreased with statistical significance in all of the administered group compared to control group. In conclusion, this study shows that Palmuljungjiwon and Gamipalmuljungjiwon are significantly effective on reducing and preventing stress in mice.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.179-182
• /
• 1991

The relationship between the brain monoamines and morphine tolerance was examined in ginseng total saponins treated mice. Ginseng total saponins (100 mg/kg, i.p.) did not antagonize morphine (10 mg/kg, s.c.) analgesia in mice. Daily treatment with ginseng total saponins (100 mg/kg) did not affect the brain levels of noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin for 5 days but inhibited the development of morphine tolerance. This inhibition of the development of morphine tolerance was not attributed to the reductions of brain noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin in mice treated with ginseng total saponins (100 mg/kg) daily. This result suggest that a newly equilibrated state of neurologic function may involve an underlying mechanism in mice treated with ginseng total saponins.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.1-18
• /
• 1998

This study aimed to evaluate the anti-stress effects of soyosan and chyengansoyosan on the contents cold swimming stress.The experimental animals were forced cold swimming stress for 3 minutes, and administered 4㎎/10g of soyosan and chyengansoyosan extract for 7 days before stress. The monoamines contents were measured by HPLC method in various part of mouse brain. The following results were obtained :1. In frontal cortex, the contenrs of norepinephrine ans dopamine increased significantly in the group administered chyrngansoyosan compared with in the group administered non chyengansoyosan and soyosan(control group) of mice stressed by cold swiming.2. In hypothalamus, the content of norepinephrine increased with statistical significance in the group administered soyosan compared with control group of mice stressed by cold swimming. 3. The content of dopamine increased with statistical significance on the group administered chyenfansoyosan and compared with control group of mice stressed by cold swimming in hypothlaamus and hippocampus.4. The content of serotonin increased with statistical significance in the group administered soyosan and compared with control group of mice stressed by cold swimming in hippocampus and corpus striatum.5. In corpus striatum and hippocampus, the content of norepineohrine decreased with statistical significance in the group administered soyosan and chyengandoyosan compared with control group of mice stressed by cold swimming.Judgding from the above results, this sthdy reaches a conclusion that soyosan or chyengansoyosas has significant effects in reducing stress.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.495-500
• /
• 1998

The effect of acute toluene exposure on behaviour and monoamine concentrations in the various brain regions were investigated in the rat. Toluene was adminstered via inhalation to rats at concentrations of 0, 1000, 10000, 40000 ppm for 20 min. During exposure to toluene, spontaneous locomotor activity was counted. After exposure, animals were sacrificed instantly and brains were separated. Regional concentratons of brain monoamines (norepinephrine, NE; dopamine, DA; 5- hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and its metabolites (3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, DOPAC; homovanillic acid, HVA; 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid, 5-HIAA) were determined. The changes in locomotor activity during toluene exposure depended on the toluene concentration. At 1000 ppm concentration, spontaneous locomotor activity increased initially and thereafter decreased. At higher concentrations (10000 ppm and 40000 ppm), spontaneous locomotor activity decreased and eventually ceased. A regional analysis of VA, NE, 5-HT, VOPAC, HVA, and 5-HIAA indicated a significant decrease in VA concentrations in cerebellum and striatum while NE and 5-HT concentrations were significantly increased in the cerebellum and cortex. 5-HIAA concentrations were significantly increased in all brain regions. DOPAC concentrations were significantly increased in cerebellum and cortex while decreased in striatum. These results especially indicated that metabolic conversion of DA to HVA in striatum was highly increased by toluene inhalation. However, It remains to elucidate between behavioural responses and monoamine changes.

• 대한약리학회지
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 1992

최근에 개발된 생체내 미세투석법을 이용하여 정상혈압 흰쥐(WKY)와 자연발생성 고혈압 흰쥐(SHR)의 후 시상하부에서 세포외액의 모노아민과 그 대사체들을 측정하였다. 뇌정위 고정장치에 의해서 미세투석관을 후 시상하부에 위치시킨후 링거액으로 관류하였다. 모노아민과 그 대사체들은 고속액체 크로마토그라피와 전기화학 검출기를 이용하여 정량하였다. 미세투석관의 시험관내 회수율 검사 결과, 관류액의 유속과 신경화학물질의 상대적 회수율 사이에는 역비례 관계가 있음이 확인되었다. 정상 혈압 흰쥐에서 후 사상하부의 관류액으로 부터 축정한 각종 신경화학물질의 세포외액 농도는 도파민 32nM, 노르에피네프린 50nM, 에피네프린 50nM, 세로토닌 73nM, 3.4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid(DOPAC) 281 nM, homovanillic acid(HVA) 181 nM, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid(5HIAA) 3767nM이었다. 후 시상하부에서 측정된 신경전달물질의 기준치는 WHY와 SHR사이에 차이가 없었으나, DOPAC, HVA, 5HIAA의 기준치는 WKY에 비해서 SHR에서 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 본 연구는 중추 신경화학물질들의 생체내 측정에 미세투석법을 이용할 수 있음을 보여주었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.183-189
• /
• 1992

Effect of the standardized ginseng extract(G115) on the central monoaminergic systems were investigated in comparison with that of halcperidol in rats. Immediately after sacrificed by decapitation, the strlata and frontal cortex were removerl. Concentations of the monoamines dopamine and serctorLin and their metabolites were deterinintd by HPLC-EC. G115 increased the concentration of 5-HIAA and DOPAC/UA ratio in striatum. However, dopaminrrgic neuronal activities were not affected by G115 that decreased the concentratio,Is of 5-HT and 5-HIAA in frontal cortex. G115 in combination with apomorphine significantly irlcreased the concentration of DA and S-HT but decreased the DO PAC/DA ratio and 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio only in frontal cortex. These results suggest that G115 like HPD inhibits the activity of nigrostriatal dopamine neuron in striatum. However, unlike HPD it activates central monoaminergic neuron activity in frontal cortex.