• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.471-501
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• 2022

This study was carried out on 455 forest wetlands of south Korea for which an inventory was established through value evaluation and grade. Correlation analysis was conducted to find out the correlation between the types and grades of forest wetlands and 23 evaluation factors in four categories: vegetation and landscape, material circulation and hydraulics·hydrology, humanities and social landscape, and disturbance level. Through the improvement of types and grades of forest wetlands, it is possible to secure basic data that can be used in setting up conservation measures by preparing standards necessary for future forest wetland conservation and restoration, and to found a systematic monitoring system. First, between the type of forest wetland and size and accessibility showed a positive correlation, but the remaining items were analyzed to have negative or no correlation. In particular, it was found that there was no negative correlation or no correlation with the grades of forest wetland. Moreover, it was found that there was a very strong negative correlation with the weighted four category items. Thus, it is judged that improvement is necessary because there is an error in the weight or adjust the evaluation criteria of the value evaluation item, add an item that can increase objectivity. Especially, in the case of forest wetlands, the ecosystem service function due to biodiversity is the largest, so evaluation items should be improved in consideration of this. Therefore, it can be divided into five categories: uniqueness and rarity (15%), wildlife habitat (15%), vegetation and landscape (35%), material cycle·hydraulic hydrology (30%), and humanities and social landscape (5%). It will be possible to propose weights that can increase effectiveness.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.279-293
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• 1993

In recent yeaes, the collapses of man made structures have been encountered from time to time due to the deformation of the ground in korea. Furthermore, the possibilities of casasters from the ground deformation suCh as landslide and active fault are atrracting our attention to the deformation monitoring. In this study, two-coordinate tilt which was monitored during six months in order to develop tediniques for prevention of disasters from the ground deformation. The two-coordinate tilt which was detected by a tilt-sensor installed in shallow depth on the slope with the sensitivity of 0.0001 arc.sec in every 10 minutes was recorded continously to PC through the interface with 200-m line coonection. The observed digital tilt data. together with the relevant meteorological data were analyzed in reference to engineering application. During the whole observation period of six months, the net tilt is 10.06 arc.sec to the west and 73.88 arc.sec to the south. Consequently the ground has a tilt of 74.56 arc.sec to the direction of $S7.75^{\circ}W$ with average tilting of 0.02 arc.sec/hour. In spite of such fast and large tilting, it is interpreted in view of engineering aspects that the site is much safe from danger, since both East-West and North-South components of tilt converge as time goes by. Two categories of deformational events are recognized ; one is toward the direction of surface slope and the other is to the direction of increased pore pressure. Tiks are acenain to have a close relation with precipitation of rain. The daily variation of two-coordinate tilt is delayed 4.3 hours in average after the variation of atmospheric temperature. A certain correlation between atmospheric pressure and deformation might be revealed.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.404-411
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of plant covering in the extensive green roof site. Eighteen herbaceous perennial grass such as Caryopteris incara and sedum species such as Sedum Kamtschaticum were planted on an experimental green roof with 10cm substrate depth in 2007. This study investigated vegetation change over 3 growing seasons 2007-2009. The covering rates of planted species mostly increased in 2008, but declined in 2009 except 6 species such as sedum specis and Thymus quinquecostatus var. japonica etc. There were four categories of covering characteristics generated from the results of this study. These include the type of sustain planting site, the type of encroach adjacent site, the type of creeps and spreads, and the type of scatters and spreads. The covering models of eight planted species were drawn by simple regression analysis. However more monitoring of various plants will be needed to establish the information for sustainable roof planting plan.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.748-751
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• 2003

Acrylamide is considered as potential carcinogen and genotoxicant. Swedish National Food Administration reported that acrylamide was detected in heat treated starch rich food products. Acrylamide formation during food processing was confirmed by researchers of other countries including UK, Norway, Japan, Switzerland, and United States. It is noticed that the formation of acrylamide in potato products was greater than other food products. It may be due to high concentration of asparagine and glucose in potato products comparing to those of other food products. Interaction between asparagine and glucose during heat treatment resulted in acrylamide formation via Maillard reaction. Analytical method (LC-MS/MS) adopted by FDA was performed to monitor acrylamide concentrations in domestic food products. Acrylamide quantitation in several food categories, such as raw materials, boiled foods, fried foods, hardtacks, breads, breakfast cereals, potato chips, french fries, biscuits, and others, were carried out.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.435-459
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• 2011

The present study explored Korean parents' perceptions of and behavior toward game use among teenagers in Korea. A total of 600 Korean mothers of teenagers residing in Seoul and five other metropolitan areas participated in the survey. The survey was constructed based on five categories of variables, including the overall perception of games and game use, specific attitudes toward game use, cognitions about and attitudes toward game addiction, factors predicting parental monitoring of children's game use, and views and opinions about what needs to be done to promote healthy game cultures as well as to prevent problematic game use among teenagers in Korea. Results indicate that the respondents' overall perceptions of and attitudes toward games and game use are negative. In contrast, attitudes toward game use of the respondent's own child are contingent upon various comparison standards. Results also indicate that the respondents tend to overestimate the possibility that their own child is addicted to games, and their perceptions of game addiction are based on a narrow range of behavioral symptoms. Additional analyses indicate that parental monitoring of teenagers' game use can be predicted by the theoretical model driven from Ajzen(1991)'s theory of planned behavior. Finally, results also indicate that, in order to deal with the problems associated with teenagers' game use, proactive approaches to promote healthy game cultures as well as various initiatives to prevent problematic game use are necessary. Implications of the findings and future direction were discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.582-594
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• 2008

This study aimed at evaluating current sanitation management performances in Korean-Food restaurants by their operation types and to develop sanitary training posters based on the risk factors, in an attempt to improve the level of sanitation management in Korean food service facilities. Eighteen Korean-food restaurants that are managed by franchisor, franchisees as well as self-managed with large-scale and small-scale restaurants in Seoul and Gyeonggi-Do, were evaluated by on-the-spot inspectors with an auditing tool consisting of three dimensions, nine categories and thirty four items. Data were analyzed using SPSS. The total score of each group showed that restaurants managed by franchisees ranked the highest (59 out of 100 points), while self-managed, small-scale restaurants ranked the lowest (44 out of 100 points). In the categorization of sanitation management compliance, the dimensions of food hygiene during production recorded the lowest compliance rate of 47.7% (22.89/48.0 points) followed by the dimension of environmental hygiene 59.3% (20.17/34.0 points) and personal hygiene 60.5% (10.89/18.0 points). This indicated the need for urgent improvement. The items which showed the lowest compliance rates were 'proper thawing of frozen foods' (0%), 'notifying and observing heating/reheating temperature' (6%), 'using of hand-washing facility and proper hand-washing' (33%), 'monitoring temperature of frozen-foods and cold-foods' (35%), and 'prevention of cross-contamination' (36%) among thirty four items. Self-managed, small-scale restaurants, in particular, needed to improve sanitary practices such as 'sanitation education for employee', 'verifying the employee health inspection reports', 'storing food on the shelves 15 cm distance away from the wall', 'suitability of ventilation capacity of hoods' and 'cleanliness of drainage'. On the basis of the findings of this study, we developed sanitary training posters, especially for small-scale restaurant operators. This could be an effective tool to educate food service employees on sanitary knowledge and principles and could be used to improve the existing sanitary conditions in Korean food service facilities.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.1732-1737
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• 2004

This paper proposes Internet-based checking technique for machine-tools with variant CNC (Computerized Numerical Controller). According to the architecture of CNC, CNC is classified into two types such as CAC (Closed Architecture Controller) which is conventional CNC, and OAC (Open Architecture Controller) which is a recently introduced PC-based controller. CAC has a closed architecture and it is dependent on CNC vender specification. Because of this, it has been very difficult for users to implement an application programs in CNC domain. Therefore, an additionally special module is required for Internet-based application such as remote checking. In this case, web I/O embedded module can be efficiently applied for Internet-based checking. The module is directly attached to TCP/IP network for communication. In order to obtain the monitoring data of CNC machines, the I/O signals of the module are assigned to PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) input and output (I/O) signals within CNC domain. On the other hand, OAC has a PC-based open architecture and an additional module is not necessary for the connection with external site. Because of this, a simple DAU is just used for signal sensing and data acquisition without additional communication modules. For Internet-based remote checking of machine-tools with OAC, a user-defined daemon and application programs are implemented as the form of internal function within the PC-based controller. Internet communication is performed between the daemon program in CNC domain and web script programs in external server. Checking points defined in this research are classified into two categories such as structured point and operational point. The formal includes the vibration of bearing, temperature of spindle unit and another periodical management. And the latter includes oil checking, clamp locking/unlocking and machining on/off status.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.17-22
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• 2009

This research was conducted to investigate methods to strengthen the apartment community from the territoriality point of view. In order to achieve this goal, first of all the concept and the structure of territoriality are studied through articles and literature reviews to ensure a full understanding of the community strengthening-related plan elements suggested in the previous research. The study is then divided into the categories of semi-private territory and semi-public territory to pursue analysis based on the issues related to strengthening community such as possession, proximity, defense, boundary-regulation, and personalization in case by case studies. The results of case studies are as follows: in the case of possession with psychological concept of possession, the extension of private space and exclusive space are suggested. And for the concept of proximity, that is, the physical and psychological distance for sense of the same nature, increased opportunity of meeting the residents in the same building or same area are suggested And for the psychological proximity, familiar design and facilities for meeting and exchange-related methods are shown. For the case of indirect defense in defense concept, the methods related to monitoring and supervising facilities for protection are found. For the boundary-regulations, it is based on the concepts of physical and psychological borderlines; walls either vertical or horizontal, or such obstacle-related methods are suggested for the physical borderline, and space structure and symbols-related methods are found for psychological borderline. Finally, for the case of personalization which is related to the expression of identity, design-related methods are suggested.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.91-97
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• 2012

The primary aim of this study was to compare responsiveness of self-report by worker and therapist-scored functional capacity instrument. Self-report and therapist-scored interval-level person measures and item difficulties were compared at admission and discharge. Therapist and worker ratings were collected on 230 clients from 27 rehabilitation sites using the newly developed Occupational Rehabilitation Data Base (ORDB) functional capacity instrument. ORDB comprises several subscales measuring relevant variables of "a return-to-work model" in work-related rehabilitation clinics. The functional capacity scale deals with 10 DOT job factors. The rating scale categories were 1-severely impaired, 2-moderately impaired, 3-mildly impaired, and 4-not impaired. Only data from clients with low back pain (n=98) with complete data (both admission and discharge scores) were used for the present study. Therapists and workers completed the functional capacity instrument at admission and discharge. Rasch analysis [1-parameter item response theory model (IRT)] was applied to calibrate item difficulty and person ability measure of therapist and workers ratings. Effect sizes for therapist and self-report ratings were slightly different, .69 and .30, respectively. Therapist and worker ratings were more consistent at discharge (r=.54) than at admission (r=.32). Workers have a tendency to be more severe in their ratings (show higher item difficulties) than therapists at admission and discharge. Therapists and workers report similar magnitudes of improvement following treatment program. These findings challenge the belief that injured workers may unreliable source for monitoring therapeutic outcomes. Self-report measures have the advantage of conserving therapist time for treatment (versus evaluation). While the therapist and self-report ratings are comparable at discharge, there is less consistency at admission. Comparable therapist-worker ratings may be achieved by controlling for rating severity using IRT methodologies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.105-119
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• 2011

In order to develop the indicators which evaluate the management effectiveness for the protected forest areas in Korea, candidate indicators were listed based on literature and experts interviews, then questionnaire survey on the experts were conducted. 5 elements of context, planning, input, process, output and outcome and 32 indicators were selected. Context element includes 6 indicators of 1) documentation and assessment of values; 2) documentation and assessment of threats, 3) influence of government policy, 4) related regulations, 5) community cooperation and 6) the structure of management organization. 6 indicators of Planning element were 1) the management objective, 2) protected area design, 3) protected area size and number, 4) representation, 5) standards and categories and 6) management planning. Input element of 3 indicators were 1) management staff, 2) funding, 3) establishment and application of information. Process element were consisted of 1) governance, 2) management guidelines, 3) human resource management, 4) law enforcement, 5) eco-management, 6) disaster management, 7) education program and 8) research and monitoring. The element of outputs and outcomes were 1) accomplishment of plan, 2) accomplishment of program, 3) private land management, 4) threats change, 5) biodiversity change, 6) ecosystem health and vitality, 7) impact on community, 8) international management level and 9) visitors' satisfaction and variation in civil compliant. It is recommended to have further research on evaluation methods development by applying those above developed indicators for the protected forest areas to ensure the practicality of the indicators.