• 성인간호학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.697-708
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was to develop, implement, and evaluate an e-learning education program for improving practical knowledge and preventing nursing errors and adverse events of nurses working in the operating room (OR). Method: The e-learning program was developed and evaluated according to the following processes: 1) preparation phase 2) implementation phase 3) evaluation phase. In evaluation phase, the effectiveness was analyzed based on the Kirkpatrick's model. Results: The e-learning program consisted of OR basic nursing skills and techniques and nursing activities' manual based on the categories of nursing errors: surgical operation preparation, nursing skills and techniques, environment management, patient safety and comfort, and patient monitoring. The program was provided through on-line, http://cafe.daum.net/pnuhorn, for 4 weeks. The mean score(percent) of participants' satisfaction was $21.24{\pm}1.71$(68.2%). Their total knowledge level was significantly improved(Z=-3.00, p=.003) and specifically in the category of environment management(Z=-3.77, p<.001) and patient monitoring(Z=-2.46, p=.014). The occurrence of nursing errors or adverse events was a little decreased, but not statistically significant(Z=-3.10, p=.756). Conclusion: E-learning for nurses is one way of effective and efficient teaching-learning strategies. For better e-learning, it is important to develop the vital content of the education and objective measures for detecting nursing errors and adverse events.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.515-523
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• 1990

Plasma progesterone concentrations in 44 suckling Korean native cows were determined to monitor ovarian activity postpartum by radioimmunoassay. Blood samples were collected in 3 day intervals from 15 to 80 days postpartum. The ovaries and uterus were examined in 6 day intervals by rectal palpation. Results are summaried as follows: 1. The cows were qualified into four categories; Type I(normal): cyclic changes in plasma progesterone concentrations appear within 45 days postpartum(35 cows, 79.5%), Type II(cycle delayed): delayed resumption of ovarian activity by 55 days postpartum(5 cows, 11. 4%), Type III(cycle ceased with low progesterone): plasma progesterone concentrations remained low(${\leq}1ng/ml$) until 80 days postpartum(3 cows, 6.8%), Type IV(cycle ceased with high progesterone): plasma progesterone concentrations after 30 days remained high(${\geq}4.0ng/ml$) until 80 days postpartum(1 cow, 2.3%). 2. Out of the cows classified Type II and III, 7 cows had inactive ovaries and a cow had follicular cyst by rectal palpation. The cow of Type IV was diagnosed as bearing persistent corpus luteum by rectal palpation. 3. About 82% of the cows showed significant rises in plasma progesterone concentrations prior to 50 days postpartum and the cows of Type II and III resumed cycles in 31. 6(range 17~55) days after calving. However, 43.2% resumed cycles in 50 days postpartum by estrus signs. These results indicated that plasma progesterone concentrations assessed by radioimmunoassay can be utilized for monitoring postpartum ovarian activity and would be helpful for the early detection of ovarian dysfunction in the Korean native cow.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

환경 친화적인 삶에 대한 중요성을 인식하기 시작하면서 친환경적 삶을 영위하기 위한 다양한 노력이 이뤄지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 스마트 기기의 장점을 활용한 교육용 애플리케이션 보급을 목적으로, 녹색생활지표와 연결하여 카테고리를 설계하고 환경 및 환경봉사활동 관련 분류를 통하여 카테고리 검색을 제공하는 모바일 기반의 환경지킴이 교육 서비스 시스템을 설계 구현하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 시스템은 단순이 환경지킴이 제도와 연계하여 신고 기능에 제한하지 않고, 환경모니터링 봉사제와 연계하여 청소년의 온라인 봉사활동을 인증 받을 수 있는 교육통합 시스템으로 구축하였다. 본 연구는 모바일 환경을 활용하여 청소년을 대상으로 한 접근성이 높은 환경 교육 콘텐츠 제공과 체계적인 환경 통합 감시가 가능한 시스템으로, 현재의 초중고학생에 대한 환경 교육에 대한 개선안 제시하고자 한다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.304-310
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• 2021

Background: Healthcare settings have been recognized among the most hazardous places to work. Based on the five categories of occupational hazards that were identified by the ILO and WHO, this study aimed to analyze policy framework relevant to occupational health protection of health workers (HWs) in public health service in China, then discussed how to share the experience of the National Health Service (NHS) England for improvement. Methods: Based on policy learning theories, policy analysis and qualitative interview were used in this study. Results: In the Chinese public health service, at least five laws related to the regulation of occupational health protection for HWs; however, enforcement of relevant laws was separated and multi-centered; the national monitoring system, which targeted to occupational hazards and health outcome for HWs in China, had yet to be developed; the top three priorities were workplace violence, bloodborne pathogens, and musculoskeletal disorders; national strategies included Security Hospital, and Healthy China 2030. In NHS England, three laws were fundamental; several monitoring systems had been set up, including NHS Staff Survey, Commissioning for Quality and Innovation incentive scheme; mental health, musculoskeletal problem, and nutrition disorder and overweight were raised great concern; Health and Safety, and NHS Healthy Workforce Program were critical nationwide strategies. Conclusion: There were several similarities as well as differences between the Chinese public health system and NHS England, which laid foundation of learning by China. Recommendations of improving occupational health policies in China were provided, based on the lessons learned from the NHS England.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.135-145
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• 2002

능동 네트워크는 네트워크 구조에 대한 새로운 접근 방식이다. 노드(라우터 또는 스위치)들이 사용자 데이터에 대한 계산을 수행할 수 있는 반면, 패킷이 노드 상에서 실행될 프로그램을 운반하고 잠재적으로 해당 노드들의 상태를 변화시킬 수도 있다. 능동 네트워크는 매우 강력한 융통성을 갖는 반면, 기존의 네트워크보다 복잡할 뿐 아니라 보안상의 많은 문제점을 가지고 있다. 노드들은 공개된 자원이고 많은 중요 시스템들을 정확하게 실행시켜야 하므로, 패킷의 코드가 실행될 수 있는 계산 환경에서의 보안 요구 사항들은 매우 엄격하게 정의되어야 한다. 능동 네트워크의 보안 관련 연구는 크게 능동 노드 보호와 능동 패킷 보호로 나누어 볼 수 있다. 패킷 인증(authentication)이나 모니터링/제어(monitoring/control) 등이 전자에 속하는 반면, 암호화 기술(cryptographic techniques)을 이용하는 방법이 후자에 속한다. 본 논문은 암호화 기술을 이용한 안전한 능동 패킷 전송에 관한 것으로, 능동 패킷들을 이웃한 능동 노드들에게 안전하게 전송하고 해당 패킷들에 포함된 실행 코드들을 각 능동 노드 상에서 실행시킬 수 있는 새로운 방법을 제안한다. 여기서 제안하는 시스템은 공개키 암호 방식과 관용 암호 방식을 함께 사용한다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2023

본 연구는 대학생들이 디지털 도서관 검색 행태에 대한 메타인지를 분석하고, 보다 최적의 검색결과를 찾기 위한 사용자 중심의 온라인 정보검색시스템 설계를 위한 기초자료를 제공하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 본 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 메타인지를 스키마-트레이닝(schema-training), 계획(planning), 모니터링(monitoring), 평가(evaluation), 전이(transfer)의 5가지 주요 범주로 분류하였으며, 총 20개의 하위 범주를 포함하였다. 총 112명의 학생들이 온라인 설문지에 참여했고, 수집된 데이터는 SPSS 버전 26을 이용하여 분석하였으며, 대학생들의 메타인지와 디지털 도서관 탐색 행위 간에 유의미한 상관관계가 발견되었다. 특히 디지털 도서관 탐색경험은 이용자 메타인지 측면을 고려한 디지털 도서관 설계에서 가장 중요한 요소로 밝혀졌다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.325-334
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• 2023

Computer vision-based damage detection enables non-contact, efficient and low-cost bridge health monitoring, which reduces the need for labor-intensive manual inspection or that for a large number of on-site sensing instruments. By leveraging recent semantic segmentation approaches, we can detect regions of critical structural components and identify damages at pixel level on images. However, existing methods perform poorly when detecting small and thin damages (e.g., cracks); the problem is exacerbated by imbalanced samples. To this end, we incorporate domain knowledge to introduce a hierarchical semantic segmentation framework that imposes a hierarchical semantic relationship between component categories and damage types. For instance, certain types of concrete cracks are only present on bridge columns, and therefore the noncolumn region may be masked out when detecting such damages. In this way, the damage detection model focuses on extracting features from relevant structural components and avoid those from irrelevant regions. We also utilize multi-scale augmentation to preserve contextual information of each image, without losing the ability to handle small and/or thin damages. In addition, our framework employs an importance sampling, where images with rare components are sampled more often, to address sample imbalance. We evaluated our framework on a public synthetic dataset that consists of 2,000 railway bridges. Our framework achieves a 0.836 mean intersection over union (IoU) for structural component segmentation and a 0.483 mean IoU for damage segmentation. Our results have in total 5% and 18% improvements for the structural component segmentation and damage segmentation tasks, respectively, compared to the best-performing baseline model.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.148-157
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• 2019

Objective: To evaluate the current status of managing adverse reactions to iodinated contrast media (ICM) for computed tomography in referral hospitals in South Korea compared with hospitals in other countries. Materials and Methods: This survey investigation involved 59 Korean and 15 overseas hospitals using guideline-based questionnaires consisting of 24 items in 7 main categories related to managing adverse reactions to ICM. Results: Informed written consent with risk factor evaluation was appropriately performed in most of the Korean hospitals. There was considerable variability in assessing renal function across the hospitals; serum creatinine level was used as a reference in 76.4% of Korean hospitals. The Korean hospitals preferred a more stringent approach to determining normal renal function (p = 0.01), withholding metformin (p = 0.01), and fasting before ICM exposure (p < 0.001) compared with overseas hospitals. All the Korean hospitals had an emergency protocol and in-hospital system for adverse reactions to ICM. The Korean (87.7%) and overseas hospitals (100%) were similarly equipped with epinephrine (p = 0.332), but only 38.6% of Korean hospitals were equipped with a bronchodilator (p = 0.004). For patients with a previous hypersensitivity reaction to ICM, 62.3% of Korean hospitals pre-medicated with anti-histamine and corticosteroid according to the severity of the previous reaction, and changed the culprit ICM in 52.8%, while skin test was performed in 17%. Conclusion: In general, Korean referral hospitals were well-prepared regarding informed consent, protocol, and an in-hospital system for managing adverse reactions to ICM. Nevertheless, there was considerable variability in details and management, thus requiring standardization by reflecting current guidelines.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1390-1411
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• 2024

Underwater Wireless Sensors Networks (UWSNs) are deployed in remotely monitored environment such as water level monitoring, ocean current identification, oil detection, habitat monitoring and numerous military applications. Providing scalable and efficient routing is very challenging in UWSNs due to the harsh underwater environment. The biggest difficulties are the nodes inherent movement due to water current, long delay in data transmission, low bandwidth of the acoustic signal, high error rate and energy scarcity in battery powered nodes. Many routing protocols have been proposed to solve the aforementioned problems. There are three broad categories of routing protocols namely depth based, energy based and vector-based routing. Vector Based Forwarding protocols perform routing through virtual pipeline by defining their radius which give proper direction to packets communication. We proposed a routing protocol termed as Path-Oriented Energy Scaled Expanded Vector Based Forwarding (PESEVBF). PESEVBF takes into account all parameters; holding time, the source nodes packets routing path and void holes creation on the second hop; PESEVBF not only considers the packet upward advancement but also focus on density of the forwarded nodes in terms of number of potential forwarding and suppressed nodes for path selection. Node selection in resultant holding time is based on minimum Path Factor (PF) value. Moreover, the suppressed node will be selected for packet forwarding to avoid the void holes occurrences on the second hop. Performance of PESEVBF is compared with other routing protocols using matrices such as energy consumption, packet delivery ratio, packets dropping ratio and duplicate packets creation indicating considerable performance improvement.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.411-418
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• 1992

Recently, onset of bacterial disease, especially infiltration of chronic respiratory diseases have been increasing at high rate. The main cause of these diseases are originated from inappropriate sanitary management and slow progress in introducing system and herd free system, which are the base of productivity improvement in bigger pig management, Methods for the prevention and removal of these diseases, are divided into four categories. The first category includes prevention and removal of infectious diseases by organizing strict animal quarantine, enforcing vaccination, and legal regulation and disposal at the time of outbreak. The second category includes improvement of production systems. This purpose can be achieved by discontinuing the open herd system, which brings on the invasion of foreign pathogens and replacing the system by the closed type of farm. To Continue eradication process step-wisely by performing the all-in all-out system at every pig pen or herd level is also effective for this purpose. The third category includes introduction of herd free system can be achieved by repopulating conventional pigs with SPF pigs. If these means are unrealizable from economic or technical viewpoint, medicated early weaning system is perfomed. This system consists of disinfection of pigsty at pre-postpartum stage, application of drugs to pregnant sows and newborn piglets in accordance with the medication program, and early weaning and rearing of newborn piglets in isolation. The fourth category is sanital leading by veterinarians, aimed to eliminating incentives for diseases through diagnoses. Their main activities include periodical monitoring and improvement leading on each responsible subject.