• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1998.07c
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• pp.838-840
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• 1998

The power demand has increased the groth of industry and improvement of life. Otherwise the power supply is more difficult. because of regional egoism, reinforcement for environment, and investment of money. The load installation should be promoted to rational power management, according to the network, inteligent, and high-function. Therefore, this paper is made a study for the method of energy saving and for energy saving of medium-small type small type-below 500kW medium type-between $500{\sim}1.000kW$.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.38-44
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• 2011

The central issue in this particular research is the seemingly inadequate achievement of optimum performance in the construction process, either with respect to value for money for the client and the entire construction supply chain or value in terms of the utility derived from built assets in spite of efforts by government and governmental bodies such as the Construction Industry Development Board (cidb) to increase industry performance. Therefore, based upon an extensive review of related literature, the paper reports on effects and causes of non-value adding activities in the construction industry in general, and South African construction in particular. The research findings indicate that activities that can be referred to as non-value activities are not only prevalent, but they can also be held responsible for performance related issues in terms of cost, time, quality and health and safety (H&S) in construction; and the exploration of pluralism in the research methodology may result in a robust model based upon the system dynamics approach.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.141-153
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• 2006

According to supply of super high way internet service, importance of security becomes more emphasizing. Therefore, flawless security solution is needed for blocking information outflow when we send or receive data. large enterprise and public organizations can react to this problem, however, small organization with limited work force and capital can't. Therefore they need to elevate their level of information security by improving their information security system without additional money. No hackings can be done without passing invasion blocking system which installed at the very front of network. Therefore, if we manage.isolation log effective, we can recognize hacking trial at the step of pre-detection. In this paper, it supports information security manager to execute isolation log analysis very effectively. It also provides isolation log analysis module which notifies hacking attack by analyzing isolation log.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2016.10a
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• pp.489-492
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• 2016

Transportation in the logistics, many business organizations are engaged in monitoring and tracking the vehicles in order to improve logistics services, reduce expenses and secure security in cargo transportation. It is saving time and money by tracking and monitoring vehicles which transport cargo in supply chain of logistics. Therefore the main issue of delivery flow is to improve services, and ensure the safety in transportation system. This article suggests the tracking and monitoring model to keep safety transports on ICT network. It focuses on precise delivery control by monitoring and tracking vehicles to save time and costs. The status of product movement is analyzed for proper decision making. The vehicle embedded with RFID is automatically tracked in the movement process by tracking and monitoring model. The main role keeps safety tracking to reduce costs and to deliver products at proper time and location.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.127-146
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• 2016

This paper investigates that the Granger-causality between ODA FDI Trade, and economic growth in Senegal over the last 50 years and ODA, FDI, Trade have a impact on the Senegal's economic growth using the Vector Error Correction Model. The empirical results do confirm a directional causality between the variables considered. It also showed that an increase of ODA in the Senegal has positive effect on GDP growth and FDI, which are important factors of economic growth for poor country like Senegal. Underdeveloped nation has been suffered from insufficient savings or capital for economic growth; therefore, developed nations have to provide enough ODA to supply initial capital formation for growth, so-called, seed money. In a nutshell, ODA as a priming the pump is required and expanded continuously for Africa country's economic growth.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.73-84
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• 2018

PURPOSES : Most of the traffic surveys are carried out by an inspection method by the manpower. In some cases, the video equipment is used only in some regions when the traffic volume is surveyed. In this case, there is environmental restriction that the road equipment to fix the video equipment should exist. Also, in areas where information such as digital maps and satellite photographs is old or not provided, they are forced to rely on manpower research, but it is difficult to put huge amounts of time and money into the research in places where labor supply and demand is difficult. This difficulty is particularly pronounced in overseas business. METHODS : The purpose of this study is to improve the efficiency of business by using the drones in the traffic investigation through analysis of the cost reduction effect between the existing method and the proposed method in the overseas business traffic survey. The scope of the research is limited to the scope of research, and based on the case of overseas projects, the method of using drone for each research sector is suggested. RESULTS : In the traffic condition survey section, we propose the use of drone for traffic survey and queue length survey, and it is confirmed that there is a cost saving effect of 16% ~ 27% compared with the existing method. In the road condition survey, we propose the use of drones for road surface linear survey, geometry survey, and obstacle survey, and it was confirmed that the cost reduction effect is 39% ~ 93% compared to the existing method. CONCLUSIONS : In addition to overseas business, it is expected that it will have a positive effect on research time and cost reduction by using drone in traffic survey in domestic area where labor supply is not easy or basic data is insufficient.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.81 no.3
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• pp.255-262
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• 1992

Urguay Round(UR) has lots of implication in the forest product market as well as the other sectors of the economy. Chestnut, one of the major forest product in Korea, would be affected by free trade resulting from the agreement on UR. To establish effective policy measures dealing with negative effects of free trade, if any, the effect of UR on producers should be figured out. In this contest, the purposes of this study are (1) estimating the demand, supply and its price functions of this market and (2) forecasting the effect of UR on growers. Using econometric method, demand, supply and price function of this market are estimated. The total amount of yearly money loss of growers due to free trade from 1992 to 2001 are estimated for four different scenarios. In each scenario, it is assumed that the tariffication reduction is 30%, 40%, 50% and 90%. Yearly money loss of chestnut growers at the year 2001 are forecasted such as 14 billion won, 18 billion won, 24 billion won and 25 billion won for the rate of tariffication reduction of 30%, 40%, 50%, and 90%, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.12-21
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• 2017

From 1960, the government decided to build apartment houses on a large scale in order to resolve the rising housing problems. However, the maintenance issues that have arisen from the deterioration of housing has not received adequate attention. The policy focuses only on the supply of housing. By passing new laws, the durable period during which buildings allowed reconstruction was increased, and long term maintenance plans were treated as important issues. The government was then obligated to establish certain long term maintenance plans and costs by legislating a Housing Act and requiring it be adjusted every three years. However, when planning long-term repair costs, doing so without considering the time value of money would become a problem. In addition, if differences between the planned repair costs and actual costs occur, it becomes necessary to adjust the long-term repair costs but, as of yet, the criteria to adjust such things does not exist. For these reasons, if there is lack of money to execute large-scale repair work, a building is unlikely to respond to deterioration of housing; on the other hand, an unnecessary reserve or pool of money can lead to conflict among residents. Therefore, this paper will propose estimation and adjustment models considering the time value of money for long term maintenance costs of apartment houses.

• Economic Analysis
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.70-119
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• 2021

This paper analyzes the changes in financial reform during the Kim Jong-un era based on North Korean literature. We find that North Korea has systematically and functionally separated the central bank from commercial banks since the Kim Jong-un era began. In addition, enterprises have been allowed to withdraw cash from bank accounts and make inter-enterprise cash payments. In other words, nowadays non-cash currencies with passive money can partially serve as active money with purchasing power. With the systematic and functional separation of the central bank and the commercial bank, the issuance of the central bank changed to a money supply method through the commercial bank, and changes in the currency distribution structure have allowed commercial bank's credit creation function to be implemented. This means that the banking system and the monetary·payment system of the socialist planned economy are changing in the way of the market economy. Reforms in the financial sector are believed to have been necessary to support changes in the economic system and to restore the function of the public financial sector. These changes have progressed in terms of the level of reform, but they are still considered similar to the period of the former Soviet Union's Perestroika or to the early period of China's reform and opening. Although North Korea's financial reform is superior in terms of enacting the banking law, it is insufficient in terms of realizing the functions of commercial banks. In addition, it is assessed that institutional constraints such as maintaining a planned economy, and the lack of confidence in public finances limit the effectiveness and development of the financial system. It should be noted that these results are based on literature published in North Korea. In other words, there is a limit in the fact that such recent changes have been carried out on a trial basis in some areas, or have been carried out in a full-scale manner with a blueprint, since Kim Jong-un's inauguration.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.37-60
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• 1992

This paper applies a Structural VAR approach to a 4 variable system in real GNP, M2, GNP deflator and nominal monthly earnings, disentangling 4 structural shocks, i.e., aggregate demand and supply shocks, wage pushes and various forms of regulations reinforced especially during stabilization process. Preliminary diagnostic tests confirm that the log level of each time series has at least one unit root, though the evidence is somewhat ambiguous for real GNP. One co-integration relationship is found among 4 variables, while no co-integration is found in a subsystem consisting of nomina) variables. The absence of co-integration among nominal variables strongly suggested that money is not neutral even in the long-run. The reduced form is estimated and the structural form is recovered using 6 additional identifying restrictions. Recovered structural shocks are able to capture main episodes of past 20 years, ranging from first and second oil shocks, to strong stabilization policy of early 80's and rapid wage hikes of late 80's. Overall responses of the economy to each structural shock are usually consistent with the standard Keynesian predictions, though some responses seem to be specific to Korean economic environment.