• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.342-351
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• 1999

A jet injected normally into a cross flow has been found to have the cross section of a horseshoe shape. It occurs by a twin vortex motion in the region downstream of the jet injection. Such a flow is inherently and highly three-dimensional and numerical calculations should play an important role. The three-dimensional momentum equations with buoyancy effect and energy equation are solved to obtain the velocity distributions, center-line trajectories, cross sectional shape and entrainment. The density difference is sufficiently small, so that the Boussinesq approximation is considered to be valid. The SIMPLE algorithm is applied in a staggered grid system of a calculational domain for the numerical method.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.165-176
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• 2015

A numerical analysis was conducted to investigate the inlet buzz and combustion oscillation in an axisymmetric ramjet engine with wedge-type flame holders. The physical model of concern includes the entire engine flow path, extending from the leading edge of the inlet center-body through the exhaust nozzle. The theoretical formulation is based on the Farve-averaged conservation equations of mass, momentum, energy, and species concentration, and accommodates finite-rate chemical kinetics and variable thermo-physical properties. Turbulence closure is achieved using a combined scheme comprising of a low-Reynolds number k-${\varepsilon}$ two-equation model and Sarkar's compressible turbulence model. Detailed flow phenomena such as inlet flow aerodynamics, flame evolution, and acoustic excitation as well as their interactions, are investigated. Mechanisms responsible for driving the inlet buzz are identified and quantified for the engine operating at subcritical conditions.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.02a
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• pp.181-185
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• 2007

A free-surface correction(FSC) method is presented to solve the 3-D shallow water equations. Using the mode splitting process, FSC method can simulate shallow water flows under the hydrostatic assumption. For the hydrostatic pressure calculation, the momentum equations are firstly discretized using a semi-implicit scheme over the vertical direction leading to the tri-diagonal matrix systems. A semi-implicit scheme has been adopted to reduce the numerical instability caused by relatively small vertical length scale compare to horizontal one. and, as the free surface correction step the final horizontal velocity fields are corrected after the final surface elevations are obtained. Finally, the vertical final velocity fields can be calculated from the continuity equation. The numerical model is applied to the calculation of the simulation of flow fields in a rectangular open channel with the tidal influence. The comparisons with the analytical solutions show overall good agreements between the numerical results and analytical solutions.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.835-842
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• 2000

Film boiling heat transfer of the subcooled turbulent liquid film flow on a horizontal plate was investigated by theoretical and experimental studies. In the theoretical analysis, by solving the integral energy and momentum equations analytically, some generalized expressions for Nusselt number was deduced. Next, by comparing the deduced equations with the experimental data on the turbulent film boiling heat transfer of the subcooled thin liquid film flow, the semi-empirical relation between the Nusselt number based on the modified heat transfer coefficient and the Reynolds number was obtained. The correlating equation was very similar to that of the turbulent heat transfer in a single phase flow, and it was found that the heat transfer was dissipated to increase the liquid temperature.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.324-330
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• 2014

In this study, the numerical model developed by Hong et al.(2008) was improved to be applied to rapidly varying flows such as the inundation of dry land or flow transitions due to large gradients of the bathymetry. A numerical approximation was applied that was consistent with the conservation of momentum in flow expansions and with the Bernoulli equation in flow contractions. The approximation was second order, but the accuracy reduced to first order near extreme values by the use of a minmod limiter. The modified model was verified by acomparison with the theoretical critical depth of weir, and for sufficiently smooth conditions and a fine grid size, both approximations converged to the same solution. In terms of the grid size, it was more effective at obtaining solutions than the previous model and reproduced the inundation of dry land.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2002

The particles velocity in the instantaneous flow field and velocity change of particles along the jet centerline for various particle diameter in a circular turbulent impingement jet are investigated by using particle image velocimetry(PIV) and an equation of particle motion simplified by terms of inertia forces, drag and gravitational force. The jet Reynolds number was 3300 and 8700, and glass beads of 30,58 and 100$\mu$m in diameter were used. The PIV results show that the direction and size of velocity depends not only on the number density of particle but also on the particle momentum. The results obtained form calculation suggest that the particle velocity near the first impingement region deviated from local air velocity, which accords well with the PIV results. The rebound height of particle increase with the particle diameter. In the second-impingement, particle velocities increased sluggishly with Re=3300 but particle velocities uniformed with Re=8700 in stagnation region.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 1989.07a
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• pp.133-143
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• 1989

An analytical equation was formulated using the continuity, momentum, and energy equatoins for the trensients generated in an initially empty piping with a sudden contraction subject to rapid filling with liquid. Also, two mathmatical models, "MOC" and "RCT", were applied to this particular pipping to reveal that the rigid column method is less applicable than the method of characteristics to the piping.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.84-95
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• 1994

In recent years Jin-Beach and Hyeya River mouth have experienced severe erosion phenomena. The cause of erosion is examined using a 3-dimensional nunumerical sediment transport model. The model is composed of three components : wave model, wave-induced current model and 3-dimensional sediment transport model. In the wave analysis component we consider refraction, diffraction and reflection based on Maruyama and Kajima method. For the wave-induced current model we use depth-integrated continuty equation and momentum equations. For the 3-dimensional sediment transport model we consider bed load and suspended load simutaneously. Model results obtained for Jin-ha Beach and Hyeya River mouth agreed well with experimental results.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.331-338
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• 2004

We present a three-dimensional average flow model considering elastic deformation of pad asperities for chemical mechanical planarization. To consider the contact deformation of pad asperities in the calculation of the flow factor, three-dimensional contact analysis of a semi-infinite solid based on the use of influence functions is conducted from computer generated three dimensional roughness data. The average Reynolds equation and the boundary condition of both force and momentum balance are used to investigate the effect of pad roughness and external pressure conditions on film thickness and wafer position angle.

• Journal of the korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.54-64
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• 1992

During combustion process in a diesel engine radiation heat transfer is the same order of magnitude as the convection heat transfer. An approximation of heat and momentum source distributions is applied at a level consistent with those used in modelling the soot distribution and the turbulence instead of modelling the fuel spray and the chemical kinetics. This paper illustrates a use of the third order spherical harmonics approximation to the radiative transfer equation and delta-Eddington approximation to the scattering phase function for droplets in the flow. Results are obtained numerically by a time marching finite difference scheme. This study aims to compare heat transfer with convection heat transfer and to investigate the importance of scattering by fuel droplets and of accounting for spatial variations in the extinction coefficient on the radiative heat flux distributions at the walls of a disc shaped diesel engine.