• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.597-607
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• 2016

Personalized medicine is tailored medical treatment that targets the individual characteristics of each patient. Theragnosis, combining diagnosis and therapy, plays an important role in selecting appropriate patients. Noninvasive in vivo imaging can trace small molecules, antibodies, peptides, nanoparticles, and cells in the body. Recently, imaging methods have been able to reveal molecular events in cells and tissues. Molecular imaging is useful not only for clinical studies but also for developing new drugs and new treatment modalities. Preclinical and early clinical molecular imaging shows biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, mechanisms of action, and efficacy. When therapeutic materials are labeled using radioisotopes, nuclear imaging with positron emission tomography or gamma camera can be used to treat diseases and monitor therapy simultaneously. Such nuclear medicine technology is defined as radiation theragnosis. We review the current development of drugs and technology for radiation theragnosis using peptides, albumin, nanoparticles, and cells.

• BMB Reports
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.251-254
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• 2002

The genetic factors that contribute to the development of coronary artery disease (CAD) are poorly understood. It is likely that multiple genes that act independently or synergistically contribute to the development of CAD and the outcome. Recently, an insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the human angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) gene, a major component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), was identified. The association of the ACE gene D allele with essential hypertension and CAD has been reported in the African-American, Chinese, and Japanese populations. However, other studies have failed to detect such an association. It has been suggested that these inconsistencies may be due to the difference in backgrounds of the population characteristics. In the present study, we investigated the I/D polymorphism of the ACE gene in 103 subjects of both sexes, consisting of 59 normal controls and 44 patients with hypertension. The allele and genotype frequency were significantly different between the hypertensive and control groups (p < 0.01). Among the three ACE I/D variants, the DD genotype was associated with the highest value of the mean systolic blood pressure [SBP] and mean diastolic blood pressure [DBP] (p = < 0.05) in men, but not in women. In the overall population, the mean SBP and DBP was highest in DD subjects, intermediate in I/D subjects, and the least in II subjects.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.207-213
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• 2005

Molecular structures and functional properties of starches isolated from normal, waxy, and zero amylose barleys were examined. Amylopectins from zero amylose starch had the largest molecular weight $(M_w)$, whereas those from high amylose starch, the smallest. A good correlation between the $(M_w)$ and the radius of gyration $(R_g)$ was observed among amylopectins from various starches, indicating similar polymeric conformation in solution even with the differences in the $(M_w)$. The debranched amylopectin molecules from different types of barley starches exhibited similar profiles, implying that the packing geometry of double helices in the different types of barley starches may be similar. Zero amylose starch showed the highest peak viscosity (326 RVU) in RV A viscograms at lower pasting temperature $(67.6^{\circ}C)$, compared to normal and high amylose starches. Relationship between RVA peak viscosity and amylose content suggested that the presence of amylose inhibited the development of granular swelling of barley starches during cooking. A rapid retrogradation, traced by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and strain-controlled rheometry, occurred in the high amylose starch sample during storage, while zero amylose starch showed a very good resistance to retrogradation, indicating excellent storage stability.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.314-317
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• 2007

A soft stem rot disease was observed on Chamaecereus silvestrii (Korean name: Sanchui), a scion of graft-cactus, in major growing areas of Suwon (National Horticulture Research Institute), Anseong, Eumseong, Cheonan, Daegu, and Goyang, Korea during 2000 and 2001. Typical symptoms were soft rots characterized by moist and watery decay of the whole cactus stem, which initiated as small water-soaked lesions and enlarged rapidly to the entire stem. The causal organism isolated from the infected stems was identified as Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora) based on its physiological and biochemical characteristics and confirmed by the cellular fatty acid composition and Biolog analyses. Artificial inoculation of the bacterium produced the same soft rot symptoms on the cactus stems, from which the same bacterium was isolated and identified. This is the first report of the P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum in the graft-cactus C. silvestrii in Korea.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2005

Research and development of nano fiber products is very active over the world. Physical characteristics and dyeing properties of nylon 66 nano fiber were investigated in this study. X-ray diffraction, DSC, analysis of amino end group, and water absorption were performed to get information concerning physical properties of nano fiber. Nylon 66 nano fiber was dyed with high molecular mass acid dyes. Effects of dyeing temperature, pH of dyeing solution, and concentration of acid dyes on dyeing properties such as rate of dyeing and the extent of exhaustion, were examined and compared to those of regu­lar fiber. It was found that nano fiber adsorbed acid dyes at lower temperature, got rapidly dyed, and its extents of exhaustion at specific dyeing temperature were higher than regular fiber. It was also observed that nano fiber could adsorb a large amount of acid dye without a significant loss in the extent of exhaustion. Washing fastness of the dyed nano fiber was lower by $1/2\~1$ grade, light fastness by 1 grade than the dyed regular fiber.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.251-258
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• 2011

Ciliates are considered one of the most diverse protozoa and play significant roles in ecology. For successful taxonomic study of these microscopic eukaryotes, a staining procedure is necessary, due mainly to intrinsic difficulties in recognizing characteristics from living cells. Although molecular taxonomy has been used to resolve the ambiguities associated with traditional morphology-based taxonomy, extraction of genomic DNA from stained ciliate cells is not available yet. In the present study, we describe a method to extract genomic DNA from a single protargol-impregnated euplotid cell. By using $HgCl_2$ as a fixative and modulating the exposure time of bleach solution in the protargol impregnation, high-quality genomic DNA can successfully be extracted from a stained single cell with minimal loss of morphological integrity. This technique will contribute to the effectiveness of combined approaches of molecular and morphological taxonomy from single ciliate cells.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.15-28
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between the concept of heat and that of temperature for elementary students. Eight multiple choice type questions with explanation of reasons for selection were developed based on previous researches and the analysis of science curriculum for elementary students. The students of 9, 10, 11 years(n=292) were selected from two elementary schools in Taegu City. The responses of students' multiple choice and their explanations were analysed in each items χ² test used for the relationships between types of heat and temperature conceptions Half of elementary student could discriminate the two terms of heat and temperature, majority of them thought that heat is likely to be hot and temperature is the quantity of heat, which is not based on scientific conception. Elementary students thinkings about heat could be classified with material type of heat and molecular kinematics type. Material type of heat were more popular than with molecular kinematics type, although the latter is increased. Majority of students answered correctly in qualitative questions of mixing of hot and cold water, but about only one third of them answers in quantitative questions. Subtraction of cold temperature from hot temperature was the most popular explanation, even though one-quarter of students summed up the two temperature in quantitative situation of mixing hot and cold waters. Those who thought heat as the molecular kinetic responded more correctly in most difficult questions than those who as the material. Therefore, we concluded that the types of heat conceptions affected the concept formation of temperature.

• BMB Reports
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.130-134
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• 2014

The combination of a high-affinity antibody to a hapten, and hapten-conjugated compounds, can provide an alternative to the direct chemical cross-linking of the antibody and compounds. An optimal hapten for in vitro use is one that is absent in biological systems. For in vivo applications, additional characteristics such as pharmacological safety and physiological inertness would be beneficial. Additionally, methods for cross-linking the hapten to various chemical compounds should be available. Cotinine, a major metabolite of nicotine, is considered advantageous in these aspects. A high-affinity anti-cotinine recombinant antibody has recently become available, and can be converted into various formats, including a bispecific antibody. The bispecific anti-cotinine antibody was successfully applied to immunoblot, enzyme immunoassay, immunoaffinity purification, and pre-targeted in vivo radioimmunoimaging. The anti-cotinine IgG molecule could be complexed with aptamers to form a novel affinity unit, and extended the in vivo half-life of aptamers, opening up the possibility of applying the same strategy to therapeutic peptides and chemical compounds.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.33-42
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• 2018

Myosin X is one of myosin superfamily members having unique cellular functions on cytoskeletal reorganization. One of the most important cellular functions of myosin X is to facilitate the formation of membrane protrusions. Since membrane protrusions are important factors for diverse cellular motile processes including cell migration, cell invasion, path-finding of the cells, intercellular communications and so on, it has been thought that myosin X plays an important role in various processes that involve cytoskeletal reorganization including cancer progression and development of neuronal diseases. Recent studies have revealed that the unique cellular function of myosin X is closely correlated with its unique structural characteristics and motor properties. Moreover, it is found that the molecular and cellular activities of myosin X are controlled by its specific binding partner. Since recent studies have revealed the presence of various specific binding partners of myosin X, it is anticipated that the structural, biochemical and cell biological understanding of the binding partner dependent regulation of myosin X function can uncover the role of myosin X in diverse cell biological processes and diseases.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.905-910
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• 2006

In order to evaluate the optimum operation condition of ozonation to minimize bromate formation, based on the NOM characteristics of raw waters, the pathway of bromate formation by ozonation in domestic raw waters was investigated. Considering the bromate formation reactions, the fractions of bromate formation from bromide by OH radical and molecular ozone were calculated with measured values of ozone decay rate ($k_c$) and Rct. The results showed that molecular ozone is more important role in the formation of bromate in domestic raw waters than OH radical. The ratio of bromide oxidation reaction by molecular ozone ranged 73~88%. Fractions of $HOBr/OBr^-$ reaction with both molecular ozone and OH radical were also determined. OH radical reaction with $HOBr/OBr^-$ was dominant. The differential equations based on the stoichiometry of bromate formation were established to predict the formation rate of bromate by ozonation. The results shows good correlation with experimental results.