• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.46-60
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• 2023

Slaughterhouse blood is a by-product of animal slaughter that can be a good source of animal protein. This research purposed to examine the functional qualities of the blood plasma from Hanwoo cattle, black goat, and their hydrolysates. Part of the plasma was hydrolyzed with proteolytic enzymes (Bacillus protease, papain, thermolysin, elastase, and α-chymotrypsin) to yield bioactive peptides under optimum conditions. The levels of hydrolysates were evaluated by 15% sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The antioxidant, metal-chelating, and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory properties of intact blood plasma and selected hydrolysates were investigated. Accordingly, two plasma hydrolysates by protease (pH 6.5/55℃/3 h) and thermolysin (pH 7.5/37℃/3-6 h) were selected for analysis of their functional properties. In the oil model system, only goat blood plasma had lower levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances than the control. The diphenyl picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity was higher in cattle and goat plasma than in proteolytic hydrolysates. Ironchelating activities increased after proteolytic degradation except for protease-treated cattle blood. Copper-chelating activity was excellent in all test samples except for the original bovine plasma. As for ACE inhibition, only non-hydrolyzed goat plasma and its hydrolysates by thermolysin showed ACE inhibitory activity (9.86±5.03% and 21.77±3.74%). In conclusion, goat plasma without hydrolyzation and its hydrolysates can be a good source of bioactive compounds with functional characteristics, whereas cattle plasma has a relatively low value. Further studies on the molecular structure of these compounds are needed with more suitable enzyme combinations.

• BMB Reports
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.258-264
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• 2023

As a high-grade soft-tissue sarcoma (STS), undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) is highly recurrent and malignant. UPS is categorized as a tumor of uncertain differentiation and has few options for treatment due to its lack of targetable genetic alterations. There are also few cell lines that provide a representative model for UPS, leading to a dearth of experimental research. Here, we established and characterized new cell lines derived from two recurrent UPS tissues. Cells were obtained from UPS tissues by mincing, followed by extraction or dissociation using enzymes and culture in a standard culture environment. Cells were maintained for several months without artificial treatment, and some cell clones were found to be tumorigenic in an immunodeficient mouse model. Interestingly, some cells formed tumors in vivo when injected after aggregation in a non-adherent culture system for 24 h. The tissues from in vivo study and tissues from patients shared common histological characteristics. Pathways related to the cell cycle, such as DNA replication, were enriched in both cell clones. Pathways related to cell-cell adhesion and cell-cell signaling were also enriched, suggesting a role of the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition for tumorigenicity in vivo. These new UPS cell lines may facilitate research to identify therapeutic strategies for UPS.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.505-511
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• 2023

This study investigated the effect of transglutaminase (TGase) and polysaccharide kappa carrageenan on the texture, chemical, and microbiological qualities of refrigerated unmarketable rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Gel strength increased substantially in TGase-treated samples, and was adding kappa carrageenan resulted in no significant difference. SDS-PAGE results confirmed that the myosin heavy chain band with a molecular weight of 205-250 kDa was weakened in trout meat treated with 1% TGase, which led to cross-linking reactions between proteins. The volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) increased in all samples during storage at 4℃ for 10 days; however, the samples treated with 0.5% and 1% kappa carrageenan had the lowest VBN. The viable cell count increased in all samples treated with TGase and kappa carrageenan; however, an increase in TGase enzyme and kappa carrageenan concentration successfully hindered total bacteria growth. Thus, adding 1% TGase and 1% kappa carrageenan to refrigerated unmarketable rainbow trout formulations can optimize quality characteristics.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2023

The overuse of pesticides in agricultural sectors exposes people to food contamination. Pesticides are toxic to humans and can have both acute and chronic health effects. To protect food consumers from the adverse effects of pesticides, a rapid monitoring system of the residues is in dire need. Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) on a screen-printed electrode (SPE) is a leading and promising electrochemical sensing approach for the detection of several residues including pesticides. Despite the huge development in analytical instrumentation developed for contaminant detection in recent years such as HPLC and GC/MS, these conventional techniques are time-consuming and labor-intensive. Additionally, the imprinted SPE detection system offers a simple portable setup where all electrodes are integrated into a single strip, and a more affordable approach compared to MIP attached to traditional rod electrodes. Recently, numerous reviews have been published on the production and sensing applications of MIPs however, the research field lacks reviews on the use of MIPs on electrochemical sensors utilizing the SPE technology. This paper presents a distinguished overview of the MIP technique used on bare and modified SPEs for the detection of pesticides from four recent publications which are malathion, chlorpyrifos, paraoxon and cyhexatin. Different molecular imprint routes were used to prepare these biomimetic sensors including solution polymerization, thermal polymerization, and electropolymerization. The unique characteristics of each MIP-modified SPE are discussed and the comparison among the findings of the papers is critically reviewed.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 2023

A vibration response-based detection system was used to investigate the adhesive areas of single-lap joints using a nonlinear transformation approach for deep learning. In industry or engineering fields, it is difficult to know the condition of an invisible part within a structure that cannot easily be disassembled and the conditions of adhesive areas of adhesively bonded structures. To address these issues, a detection method was devised that uses nonlinear transformation to determine the adhesive areas of various single-lap-jointed specimens from the vibration response of the reference specimen. In this study, a frequency response function with nonlinear transformation was employed to identify the vibration characteristics, and a virtual spectrogram was used for classification in convolutional neural network based deep learning. Moreover, a vibration experiment, an analytical solution, and a finite-element analysis were performed to verify the developed method with aluminum, carbon fiber composite, and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene specimens.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.32-43
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• 2023

The worldwide use of polyurethane foam products generates large amounts of waste, which in turn has detrimental effects on the surroundings. Hence, finding an economical and environmentally friendly way to dispose of or recycle foam waste is an utmost priority for researchers to overcome this problem. In that sense, the glycolysis of waste flexible polyurethane foam (WFPF) from automotive seat cushions using different industrial-grade glycols and potassium hydroxide as a catalyst to produce recovered polyol was investigated. The effect of different molecular weight polyols, catalyst concentration, and material ratio (PU foam: Glycols) on the reaction conversion and viscosity of the recovered polyols was determined. The obtained recovered polyols are obtained as single or split-phase reaction products. Besides, the foaming characteristics and physical properties such as cell morphology, thermal stability, and compressive stress-strain nature of the regenerated flexible foams based on the recovered polyols were discussed. It was observed that the regenerated flexible foams displayed good seating comfort properties as a function of hardness, sag factor, and hysteresis loss compared to the reference virgin foam. With the growing demand for a sustainable and circular economy, a global valorization of glycolysis products from polyurethane scraps can be realized by transforming them into profitable substances.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.397-402
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• 1989

A new extracellular biopolymer was produced by Methylobacterium organophilum from methanol as a sole carbon and energy source. The purified biopolymer was found to have a high molecular weight of about 4-5$\times$10$^6$ dalton and contained 66% (w/w) of carbohydrate but no polyhydro xybutyrate. Other organic constituents were consisted of protein, pyruvic acid, uronic acid, and acetic acid, whereas content of inorganic ash was 22%. Based on the chemical analysis of the biopolymer by TLC method, the polymer was consisted of glucose, galactose, and mannose with an approximate molar ratio of 2:3:2. The biopolymer solution showed a characteristics of pseudoplastic non-Newtonian fluid. The viscosity of the 1%-biopolymer solution was found to be 18,000 cp at a shear rate, 1 sec$^{-1}$, which was almost 10 times higher than that of a commercial xanthan gum.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.65-72
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• 2006

This study is about the estimation of the mechanical properties of cement grout material using a magnetic field treated water instead of tap water. The water that passed through a magnetic system is called MFTW. Similar research indicates that 5% of cement dosage can be saved by decreasing bleeding of concrete and improving resistance to freezing. The reason why MFTW can improve characteristics of concrete can be explained by molecular structure of water. Magnetic force makes water clusters into single molecule or small ones. Hence, the activity of water is improved by the magnetic force. While hydration of cement particles is on progress, the MFTW can penetrate the core region of cement particles more easily. Therefore, the hydration can be carried out more efficiently and the compression strength of concrete is highly improved. The sample of the sodium silicate cement grout's homogel using the MFTW results in highly compressive strength increases in compressive strength approximately from 20% to 50%.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 2023

Dendropanax trifidus belonging to the family Araliaceae, is a warm-temperate evergreen tree distributed in Jeju Island, Bogil Island, Geomun Island, Geoje Island, Wando, and Haenam in Korea. In June 2021, a root rot disease in which branches of Dendropanax trifidus seedlings turned brown and shrunk was discovered at the seedling cultivation facility in Naju-si, Republic of Korea. To identify the root rot fungus, three strains were isolated from the diseased tissues of seedlings and their mycological characteristics were investigated on potato dextrose agar. In addition, a molecular phylogenetic analysis was performed using sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and translation elongation factor 1-α (EF1-α) gene. The fungus was identified as Fusarium oxysporum. For pathogenicity test, the roots of seedlings were immersed in the conidia suspension of the strains and planted. After 20 days inoculation, root rot and browning symptoms were confirmed in the inoculated plants. This is the first report of F. oxysporum on D. trifidus in Korea.

• Composites Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 2009

The mechanical characteristics of gamma-ray irradiated UHMWPE specimens were investigated under various heat treatment conditions. The heat treatment was performed in the range of annealing and remelting temperatures. The annealing treatment below the temperature of $130^{\circ}C$ hardly induced changes in the tensile strength, the strain at the failure and the hardness. However the remelting treatment above $140^{\circ}C$ deteriorated those mechanical properties. It was shown in an FTIR analysis that the annealing treatment caused some oxidation of free radicals created by the pretreatment of the irradiation. These quantitative data represented by the behavior of mechanical properties might be used as basic informations for the design and analysis of various artificial joints.