• 제목/요약/키워드: Molecular Biology

검색결과 9,859건 처리시간 0.039초

Identification of 5-Hydroxy-3,6,7,8,3',4'-Hexamethoxyflavone from Hizikia fusiforme Involved in the Induction of the Apoptosis Mediators in Human AGS Carcinoma Cells

  • Kim, Min Jeong;Lee, Hye Hyeon;Seo, Min Jeong;Kang, Byoung Won;Park, Jeong Uck;Kim, Kyoung-Sook;Kim, Gi-Young;Joo, Woo Hong;Choi, Yung Hyun;Cho, Young-Su;Jeong, Yong Kee
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제22권12호
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    • pp.1665-1672
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    • 2012
  • An 80% ethanol extract of Hizikia fusiforme was obtained and followed by successive fractionation using the organic solvents n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol to identify the antioxidative substance. The aqueous part of the nbutanol fractionation step, showing high antioxidative activity, was subjected to reverse-phase liquid chromatography. As a result, a substance purified from a BB-2 fraction showed high antioxidative activity. The m/z 419 [M+H] molecular ion peak in the fraction was observed by the analysis of the ESI-LC/MS spectrum. By the analysis of 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-$d_6$) and $^{13}C$ NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-$d_6$) spectra, a unique compound of the fraction was biochemically identified as a 5-hydroxy-3,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone (5HHMF). We also investigated the effect of 5HHMF on human gastric AGS carcinoma cells. Western blot analysis suggested that the flavone substantially increased the levels of the death receptor-associated apoptosis mediators Fas, Fas L, FADD, TRADD, and DR4 in a concentration-dependent manner. The levels of Fas, Fas L, TRADD, and DR4 in the cells treated with 5HHMF ($5{\mu}g/ml$) were approximately 26.4-, 12.8-, 6.7-, and 9.8-times higher than those of non-treated cells, respectively. Of note, the level of FADD protein in the cells exposed to 5HHMF ($1{\mu}g/ml$) increased approximately 9.6-times. In addition, the cleavage of caspase-3, -8, and -9 in cultured AGS cells treated with 5HHMF was significantly confirmed. Therefore, our results suggest that 5HHMF from H. fusiforme is involved in the induction of death receptor-associated apoptosis mediators in human gastric AGS carcinoma cells.

형질전환 콩 재배가 근권 토양 미생물상에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Transgenic Soybean Cultivation on Soil Microbial Community in the Rhizosphere)

  • 이기종;손수인;이장용;이부영;오성덕;권순종;서석철;류태훈;김경환;박종석
    • 한국환경농학회지
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    • 제30권4호
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    • pp.466-472
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    • 2011
  • 본 연구는 국내에서 개발된 형질전환 콩 재배 시 토양 미생물 군집에 미치는 영향과 수평적 유전자 이동 여부를 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 성숙기 토양의 미생물 군집밀도의 경우 형질전환 콩 근권 토양 미생물 군집밀도가 비 형질전환 콩 근권 토양과 유사하여 형질전환 콩 재배가 근권 토양 미생물에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 근권 토양의 우점 미생물 분포 양상 분석 결과, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes와 Actinobacteria 순으로 나타났으며 점유율은 다소 차이를 보였으나 우점종은 거의 유사하였다. 근권 토양 DNA에 대한 DGGE 분석 결과, 형질전환 콩과 비 형질전환 콩의 근권 토양 미생물 군집의 변화는 보이지 않았다. 형질전환 콩 재배에 따른 토양의 화학성을 분석한 결과, 형질전환 콩과 비 형질전환 콩의 근권 미생물상의 명확한 차이가 나타날 정도로 토양간 화학성의 차이는 크지 않았다. 형질전환 작물에 도입된 유전자군을 대상으로 식물체와 근권 토양 DNA에 대한 PCR 분석을 수행한 결과 수평적 유전자 이동성은 일어나지 않은 것으로 추정되었다.

Molecular Analysis of Growth Factor and Clock Gene Expression in the Livers of Rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes

  • Kim, Joo-Heon;Shim, Cheol-Soo;Won, Jin-Young;Park, Young-Ji;Park, Soo-Kyoung;Kang, Jae-Seon;Hong, Yong-Geun
    • Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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    • 제33권3호
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    • pp.163-169
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    • 2009
  • Many biological systems are regulated by an intricate set of feedback loops that oscillate with a circadian rhythm of roughly 24 h. This circadian clock mediates an increase in body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, and cortisol secretion early in the day. Recent studies have shown changes in the amplitude of the circadian clock in the hearts and livers of streptozotocin (STZ)-treated rats. It is therefore important to examine the relationships between circadian clock genes and growth factors and their effects on diabetic phenomena in animal models as well as in human patients. In this study, we sought to determine whether diurnal variation in organ development and the regulation of metabolism, including growth and development during the juvenile period in rats, exists as a mechanism for anticipating and responding to the environment. Also, we examined the relationship between changes in growth factor expression in the liver and clock-controlled protein synthesis and turnover, which are important in cellular growth. Specifically, we assessed the expression patterns of several clock genes, including Per1, Per2, Clock, Bmal1, Cry1 and Cry2 and growth factors such as insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and -2 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-${\beta}1$ in rats with STZ-induced diabetes. Growth factor and clock gene expression in the liver at 1 week post-induction was clearly increased compared to the level in control rats. In contrast, the expression patterns of the genes were similar to those observed after 5 weeks in the STZ-treated rats. The increase in gene expression is likely a compensatory change in response to the obstruction of insulin function during the initial phase of induction. However, as the period of induction was extended, the expression of the compensatory genes decreased to the control level. This is likely the result of decreased insulin secretion due to the destruction of beta cells in the pancreas by STZ.

Effects of Trichostatin A and 5-aza-2'deoxycytidine on Nuclear Reprogramming in Pig Cloned Embryos

  • Lee, Sung Hyun;Xu, Yong-Nan;Heo, Young-Tae;Cui, Xiang-Shun;Kim, Nam-Hyung
    • Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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    • 제37권4호
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    • pp.269-279
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    • 2013
  • Low efficiency of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is attributed to incomplete reprogramming of transfered nuclei into oocytes. Trichostatin A (TSA), histone deacetylase inhibitor and 5-aza-2'deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC), DNA methylation inhibitor has been used to enhance nuclear reprogramming following SCNT. However, it was not known molecular mechanism by which TSA and 5-aza-dC improve preimplantation embryo and fetal development following SCNT. The present study investigates embryo viability and gene expression of cloned porcine preimplantation embryos in the presence and absence of TSA and 5-aza-dC as compared to embryos produced by parthenogenetic activation. Our results indicated that TSA treatment significantly improved development. However 5-aza-dC did not improve development. Presence of TSA and 5-aza-dC significantly improved total cell number, and also decreased the apoptotic and autophagic index. Three apoptotic-related genes, Bak, Bcl-xL, and Caspase 3 (Casp3), and three autophagic-related genes, ATG6, ATG8, and lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2), were measured by real time RT-PCR. TSA and 5-aza-dC treatment resulted in high expression of anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-xL and low pro-apoptotic gene Bak expression compared to untreated NT embryos or parthenotes. Furthermore, LC3 protein expression was lower in NT-TSA and NT-5-aza-dC embryos than those of NT and parthenotes. In addition, TSA and 5-aza-dC treated embryos displayed a global acetylated histone H3 at lysine 9 and methylated DNA H3 at lysine 9 profile similar to the parthenogenetic blastocysts. Finally, we determined that several DNA methyltransferase genes Dnmt1, Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b. NT blastocysts showed higher levels Dnmt1 than those of the TSA and 5-aza-dC blastocysts. Dnmt3a is lower in 5-aza-dC than NT, NTTSA and parthenotes. However, Dnmt3b is higher in 5-aza-dC than NT and NTTSA. These results suggest that TSA and 5-aza-dC positively regulates nuclear reprogramming which result in modulation of apoptosis and autophagy related gene expression and then reduce apoptosis and autophagy. In addition, TSA and 5-aza-dC affects the acetylated and methylated status of the H3K9.

The Effect of Lidocaine.HCl on the Fluidity of Native and Model Membrane Lipid Bilayers

  • Park, Jun-Seop;Jung, Tae-Sang;Noh, Yang-Ho;Kim, Woo-Sung;Park, Won-Ick;Kim, Young-Soo;Chung, In-Kyo;Sohn, Uy Dong;Bae, Soo-Kyung;Bae, Moon-Kyoung;Jang, Hye-Ock;Yun, Il
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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    • 제16권6호
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    • pp.413-422
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    • 2012
  • The purpose of this study is to investigated the mechanism of pharmacological action of local anesthetic and provide the basic information about the development of new effective local anesthetics. Fluorescent probe techniques were used to evaluate the effect of lidocaine HCl on the physical properties (transbilayer asymmetric lateral and rotational mobility, annular lipid fluidity and protein distribution) of synaptosomal plasma membrane vesicles (SPMV) isolated from bovine cerebral cortex, and liposomes of total lipids (SPMVTL) and phospholipids (SPMVPL) extracted from the SPMV. An experimental procedure was used based on selective quenching of 1,3-di(1-pyrenyl)propane (Py-3-Py) and 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) by trinitrophenyl groups, and radiationless energy transfer from the tryptophans of membrane proteins to Py-3-Py. Lidocaine HCl increased the bulk lateral and rotational mobility of neuronal and model membrane lipid bilayes, and had a greater fluidizing effect on the inner monolayer than the outer monolayer. Lidocaine HCl increased annular lipid fluidity in SPMV lipid bilayers. It also caused membrane proteins to cluster. The most important finding of this study is that there is far greater increase in annular lipid fluidity than that in lateral and rotational mobilities by lidocaine HCl. Lidocaine HCl alters the stereo or dynamics of the proteins in the lipid bilayers by combining with lipids, especially with the annular lipids. In conclusion, the present data suggest that lidocaine, in addition to its direct interaction with proteins, concurrently interacts with membrane lipids, fluidizing the membrane, and thus inducing conformational changes of proteins known to be intimately associated with membrane lipid.

Nobiletin attenuates neurotoxic mitochondrial calcium overload through K+ influx and ∆Ψm across mitochondrial inner membrane

  • Lee, Ji Hyung;Amarsanaa, Khulan;Wu, Jinji;Jeon, Sang-Chan;Cui, Yanji;Jung, Sung-Cherl;Park, Deok-Bae;Kim, Se-Jae;Han, Sang-Heon;Kim, Hyun-Wook;Rhyu, Im Joo;Eun, Su-Yong
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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    • 제22권3호
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    • pp.311-319
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    • 2018
  • Mitochondrial calcium overload is a crucial event in determining the fate of neuronal cell survival and death, implicated in pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. One of the driving forces of calcium influx into mitochondria is mitochondria membrane potential (${\Delta}{\psi}_m$). Therefore, pharmacological manipulation of ${\Delta}{\psi}_m$ can be a promising strategy to prevent neuronal cell death against brain insults. Based on these issues, we investigated here whether nobiletin, a Citrus polymethoxylated flavone, prevents neurotoxic neuronal calcium overload and cell death via regulating basal ${\Delta}{\psi}_m$ against neuronal insult in primary cortical neurons and pure brain mitochondria isolated from rat cortices. Results demonstrated that nobiletin treatment significantly increased cell viability against glutamate toxicity ($100{\mu}M$, 20 min) in primary cortical neurons. Real-time imaging-based fluorometry data reveal that nobiletin evokes partial mitochondrial depolarization in these neurons. Nobiletin markedly attenuated mitochondrial calcium overload and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in glutamate ($100{\mu}M$)-stimulated cortical neurons and isolated pure mitochondria exposed to high concentration of $Ca^{2+}$ ($5{\mu}M$). Nobiletin-induced partial mitochondrial depolarization in intact neurons was confirmed in isolated brain mitochondria using a fluorescence microplate reader. Nobiletin effects on basal ${\Delta}{\psi}_m$ were completely abolished in $K^+-free$ medium on pure isolated mitochondria. Taken together, results demonstrate that $K^+$ influx into mitochondria is critically involved in partial mitochondrial depolarization-related neuroprotective effect of nobiletin. Nobiletin-induced mitochondrial $K^+$ influx is probably mediated, at least in part, by activation of mitochondrial $K^+$ channels. However, further detailed studies should be conducted to determine exact molecular targets of nobiletin in mitochondria.

국내 자생식물의 항균활성 (Screening of Domestic Plants with Antibacterial Activity)

  • 양민석;하영래;남상해;최상욱;장대식
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • 제38권6호
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    • pp.584-589
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    • 1995
  • 새로운 유용식물자원개발의 일환으로 80종류(95 시료)의 국내자생식물을 채집하여, 이들 methanol 추출물의 Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli 및 Vibrio parahaemolyticus에 대한 항균력을 검토하였다. 실험대상 4가지 균주 모두에 항균성을 보인 것은 사철쑥, 지칭개, 뽀리뱅이, 꿀풀, 광대나물 그리고 향나무였으며, 씀바귀, 떡쑥, 애기똥풀, 조팝나무, 냉이 전초 및 동백나무 잎 가지 등을 포함한 8 종류는 적어도 3가지 균주에 대해 항균성을 보였다. 반면에, 라일락 잎은 그람 음성균인 E. coli와 V. parahaemolyticus에서, 꽃다지는 V. parahaemolyticus에서, 얼레지의 인경은 B. subtilis에 대해 선택적인 항균성을 보였다. 특정균주에 대한 항균력을 살펴보면, B. subtilis에 대해서는 얼레지의 인경(18mm)이, S. aureus에 대해서는 조팝나무(16 mm), E. coli에 대해서는 라일락의 잎(18mm) 그리고 V. parahaemolyticus에 대해서는 꽃다지(23mm)가 각각 가장 높은 항균성을 나타내었다. 한편, 비교적 강한 항균활성을 보여준 9종류의 methanol 추출물을 극성에 따라 용매분획하여 얻은 n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate와 물분획물의 B. subtilis와 V. parahaemolyticus에 대한 항균성 실험을 실시한 결과, 실험한 모든 분획물중에서 지칭개의 chloroform 분획물이 가장 높은 항균력 (각각 17mm, 29mm)을 보였다. 뽀리뱅이는 chloroform 분획물에서, 사철쑥, 씀바귀 및 꿀풀은 hexane 분획물에서, 그리고 동백 잎 줄기는 ethyl acetate 분획물에서 각각 상대적으로 강한 항균성을 보였으나, 향나무와 쇠뜨기는 물분획물을 제외한 모든 분획물에서 비교적 고른 항균성을 보였다.

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물억새 뿌리로부터 Agrobacterium sp. BE516 균주의 분리 및 식물생육촉진활성 (Isolation of Agrobacterium sp. BE516 from the Root of Miscanthus sacchariflorus and Its Plant Growth Promoting Activity)

  • 강혜영;박동진;이재찬;권미경;김승범;김창진
    • Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • 제55권2호
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    • pp.129-133
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    • 2012
  • 비식량 바이오매스 대상작물인 억새의 생육을 촉진하는 균주를 선발하기 위하여 충북 청원군 대청호 주변에서 서식하는 물억새 뿌리로부터 64균주를 분리하였다. 분리균의 식물생육촉진 활성을 확인하기 위하여 옥신, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase 생선능 및 기타 배양조건에 따른 생육 특성을 조사한 결과, 8균주가 선발되었으며 Agrobacterium sp. BE516 균주가 억새 줄기의 생육을 2배 이상 증가시켜 가장 활성이 뛰어난 균주로 선발되었다. Agrobacterium sp. BE516 균주는 식물호르몬 indole acetic acid를 64 ${\mu}g/mL$ 생산하고, 염 및 건조 등의 환경 스트레스 저항성 ACC deaminase 를 생산하며, $4-15^{\circ}C$, pH 4.0 및 4% NaCl 농도에서 생육하였다. 따라서, Agrobacterium sp. BE516 균주가 간척지와 같은 조건불리지역에서 비식용 바이오매스 대상작물인 억새의 생육을 촉진시키기 위한 미생물비료제 개발에 유용한 균주임을 확인하였다.

멸종위기 식물인 갯봄맞이 최남단 군락의 식생구조 (Vegetation Structure and Management Strategies of Glaux maritima var. obtusifolia Community on the Southernmost Distribution Area in Korea)

  • 임정철;이철호;김의주;최병기
    • 한국습지학회지
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.1-13
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    • 2018
  • 갯봄맞이는 한국에서 매우 제한적인 분포를 보여 멸종위기종으로 지정 보호되고 있다. 본 연구는 갯봄맞이의 남방한계지역에 해당하는 당사해안습지의 식생 다양성을 확인하고 식생결정 요인과 서식처 중요성을 평가하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 식생분류를 위해 Z.-M. 학파의 식물사회학적 방법을 활용하였으며, 환경요인과 식생과의 관계 분석을 위해 수리통계분석을 수행하였다. 연구결과 당사해안습지는 갯봄맞이-지채군락 (3개 하위군락), 갯꾸러미풀s.l.군락, 기장대 풀군락, 갈대-꼬마부들군락의 4개 단위식생으로 구성되어 있었다. 이들 식생의 주요 결정요인은 수분환경과 토심, 수위교란정도, 식생고, 군락구조 등인 것으로 확인되었다. 갯봄맞이는 갯봄맞이-지채군락의 전형아군집에서 가장 우세하게 생육하는 것으로 확인되었으며, 인접한 일본의 남방한계지역과도 유사한 종조성 및 우점상황을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 당사해안습지는 식물지리 및 식생지리학적 측면에서 큰 의미를 지니는 입지이며, 다양한 종의 피난처로서 기여하고 있는 것으로 평가되었다. 당사해안습지의 가치를 다양한 관점에서 정밀하게 파악하고 보호 및 관리하기 위한 보전전략의 수립이 요구된다.

수화와 시안세균(Anabaena cylindrica) 생장 억제 미생물 분포도의 상관관계 (The Relationship between Water-Bloom and Distribution of Microorganisms That Inhibit the Growth of Cyanobacterium (Anabaena cylindrica))

  • 김철호;이정호;최영길
    • 미생물학회지
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    • 제34권4호
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    • pp.188-193
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    • 1998
  • 대청호의 주요 정점에서 수화의 발생 및 소멸에 따른 환경요인의 변화와 시안세균, 종속영양세균, 그리고 Anabaena cylindrica 생장억제미생물 분포도의 상관관계를 확인하였다. 수온은 온대지역 수계에서 확인할 수 있는 전형적인 변화 양상을 나타내었다. pH와 용존산소량, 클로로필 a는 수화 발생기에 높고, 수화의 소멸과 함께 그 농도가 낮아졌다. 조사정점에서는 인이 1차 생산력의 제한요인으로 작용하며, 수화발생기에는 수중생물에 의해 질소고정이 이루어짐으로써 총질소의 농도가 상승하였다. 조사정점에서 시안세균은 6월 17일부터 분포하기 시작하여 11월 10일까지 Anabaena sp., Aphanizomenon spp., Microcystis spp., Oscillatoria spp., Phormidium spp. 등이 관찰되었다. Anabaena spp.는 7월 23일부터 9월 22일까지 비교적 높은 분포도를 보였고, 9월 29일 이후에는 완전히 소멸하였다. 수화발생기에 종속영양세균과 시안세균 군집은 서로 반비례적으로 변화하였다. Anabaena spp.의 개체군이 증가 또는 사멸하는 시기에 A. cylindrica 생장억제미생물의 분포도가 높았고, A. cylindrica 생장억제미생물 개체수가 감소하면서 종속영양세균의 개체수가 증가함으로써 세가지 생물군의 군집 사이에는 일정한 연관성이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과는 자연수계 분포하는 미생물은 시안세균의 생장 조절자 역할을 하며, 특히 수화의 소멸 과정에는 이들 미생물이 지대한 역할을 한다는 사실을 의미한다.

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