• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2005

The compression strength of corrugated fiberboard container for packaging the agricultural products rapidly decreases because of various environmental conditions during distribution of unitized products. Among various environmental conditions, the main factors affecting the compression strength of corrugated fiberboard are absorption of moisture, long-term accumulative load, and fatigue caused by shock and vibration. An estimated rate of damage for fruit during distribution is about from 30 to 40 percent owing to the shock and vibration. This study was carried out to characterize the durability of corrugated fiberboard container for packaging the fruit and vegetables under simulated transportation environment. The vibration test system was constructed to simulate the land transportation using truck. After the package with corrugated fiberboard container was vibrated by vibration test system at various experimental conditions, the compression test for the package was performed. The compression strength of corrugated fiberboard container decreased with loading weight and vibrating time. The multiple nonlinear regression equation for predicting the decreasing rate of compression strength of corrugated fiberboard containers were developed using four independent variables such as input acceleration level, input frequency, loading weight and vibrating time. The influence of loading weight on the decreasing rate of corrugated fiberboard container was larger than other variables.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.91-96
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• 2002

This study was carried out to estimate the property of dimensional stability of heat compression of italian poplar wood with low density. Firstly, two levels of pressure conditions were applied using the closed and open-press system. The thermal treatment temperatures were 180℃ and 200℃, respectively. Water absorption tests were conducted in water bath at 25℃ and 100℃ for 35 hours and 1 hour, respectively. The compression rates of wood were 47 percent, 60 percent, and 73 percent, respectively. From these tests, it was found that the dimensional stability of the closed-press system was superior to that of the open-press system. Furthermore, the dimensional stability of compressed wood in the closed-press system was better at 200℃ than 180℃. In compression rate, dimensional stability of 73 percent compression rate was the best result. Considering these results, the best conditions for the dimensional stability of compressed wood were those of the closed-compressing system at high temperatures above 200℃ and larger compression rate. Therefore, it was concluded that the dimensional stability of wood is improved at higher temperature and larger deformation.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.142-149
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• 1999

Moisture absorption rate of rice according to the soaking time was higher at $25^{\circ}C$ than 4$^{\circ}C$ and the op-timum soaking time was 1hr at $25^{\circ}C$. When the ratios of added water for rice cooking were 1.3 in an elec-tric cooker and pressure cooker and 1.7 in an Dookbaeki sensory an mechanically evaluation of cooked rice were highly evaluated. The total number of peak on gas chromatography profile were 89 in an press-ure cooker 56 in an electric cooker and 83 in an Dookbaeki and major volatile compounds of cooked rice were aliphatic hydrocarbons cyclic hydrocarbons aromatic hydrocarbons aldehydes alcohols ketones and thiourea. Furan that is in sweety was not detected in volatile components of cooked rice of electric cooker.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.25-32
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• 1970

Ecological study on the reclaimed high saline soil was carried out throughout a year(1969) to elucidate the changes of the structure of halophytes communiteis and the possibilities of desalination from high saline soil by absorption of chloride ion. Results from this studies are summarized as followings; 1) The growth rates of halophytes showed a variation; maximum growth rate of Salicornia appeared on August, Chenopodium on July, Suaeda on July, Aster on August and Scirpus on June. 2) Changes of frequency of each halophyte were varied in accordance with species. Chenopodium and Salicornia have the highest frequency of all on May. However, frequency as well as density of halophytes decreased after on May due to competition for absorbing moisture in plant communities. 3) The terrestrial plants which were succeed into the reclaimed tidal land had herborized 25 species on the both side of irrigation route. 4) Each of the maximum chloride uptake by halophytes appeared on May(Salicornia and Aster), on June(Chenopodium and Scirpus), and on August(Suaeda), respectirecely 5) Among the halophytes, Salicornia was confirmed to absorb the highest amount of chloride. A possible amount of chloride uptake by all halophytes per 100 square cm reached about 24,629. ppm.

• 한국산학기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국산학기술학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.89-91
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• 2004

This study examines a regeneration process using hot air heated by solar radiation to recover absorption potential by evaporating moisture in liquid desiccant. More specifically, this study is aimed at finding the optimum operating condition of the regenerator by utilizing a well-established statistical tool, so-called design of experiment, and optimization techniques. It is demonstrated that an optimization model to find the optimum operating condition can be obtained using the functional relationship between regeneration rate and affecting factors which is approximated on the basis experimental results.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2004

Soil respiration rate was measured from March to November 2003 using the KOH absorption method in Pinus densiflora, Quercus variabilis, Platycarya strobilacea stands in Jinju, Gyeongnam Province. Throughout the study period, average soil temperature and moisture content were 16.2$^{\circ}C$, 25.1% for P. densiflora stand, 17.1$^{\circ}C$, 24.3% for Q. variabilis stand, and 17.6$^{\circ}C$, 25.1% for P. strobilacea stand, respectively. The seasonal fluctuations of soil respiration rate increasing in summer and decreasing in winter, which there were strong positive correlations of soil respiration and soil temperature in all study stands. However, there were no significant correlations between soil moisture and soil respiration. Soil respiration rates throughout the study period ranged from 0.12 to 0.77 for P. densiflora stand, 0.23 to 1.37 for Q. valiabilis stand, and 0.30 to 1.47 g $CO_2\cdotm^{-2}\cdothr^{ -1}$ for P. strobilacea stand, respectively. Mean soil respiration rates in P. densiflora, Q. variabilis, P. strobilacea stands were 0.43, 0.80, and 0.90 g $CO_2\cdotm^{-2}\cdothr^{ -1}$, respectively. The Q$_{10}$ values were 2.38 for P. densiflora stand, 2.11 for Q. variabilis stand, and 2.07 for P. strobilacea stand. Annual total soil respiration was 24 for P. densiflora stand, 49.3 for Q. variabilis stand, and 55.3 t $CO_2\cdotha^{-1}\cdotyr^{ -1}$ for P. strobilacea stand, respectively.y.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.601-605
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• 1989

쌀보리(새쌀보리)의 주된 입자(7과 10mesh 크기)를 무게비로 5%씩 30%까지 정맥하고 $20-50^{\circ}C$에 침지시키면서 수분흡수속도를 분석하였다. 침지온도 $40^{\circ}C$에서 평형수분함량에 도달하는 시간은 정맥율이 5-15%인 쌀보리의 경우에는 37% 정도 감소하였으며 정맥율이 20-30%인 경우에는 50%가 감소되었다. 정맥수율 95%인 쌀보리의 $40^{\circ}C$에서의 수분흡수속도와 확산계수는 정맥하지 않은 시료보다 각각 1.5배와 2.8배 정도 빨랐다. 수분흡수의 활성화 에너지 값은 정맥수율이 5%씩 감소됨에 따라 약 0.4kcal/mole 정도씩 감소되었다.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.139-147
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• 2019

본 연구는 최근 방사능 물질의 위험성에 대한 관심이 커지며 원전사고 등의 대규모 인명 피해와 위험지역 선정 등의 이유로 인체의 방사능 안전성에 대한 관심이 커지면서 요구되는 실내 건축용 마감재에 대한 것이다. 일상에서 방사능에 노출되는 여러 가능성 중 실내 공기 중 라돈가스에 대한 관심이 커지면서 라돈가스 흡착형 경화체에 대한 기초연구 자료를 제시한다. 본 연구에 흡착재로 활용된 재료는 규조토와 실리카겔로, 천연 흡착재인 규조토와 인공 흡착재인 실리카겔의 기초 성능 및 흡착 성능을 평가하였다. 향후 실내 공기 중 라돈가스 농도 저감에 대한 정밀한 추가 실험에 대한 연구결과가 필요할 것으로 예상되고, 실험결과에 따른 인공 흡착재인 실리카겔의 라돈가스 흡착 가능성을 기대한다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.292-298
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• 1980

대두식품(大豆食品)으로 단백질(蛋白質)이 주성분(主成分)인 두부의 저장성(貯藏性)을 높이기 위(爲)한 기초연구(基礎硏究)로서, 두부를 열풍건조(熱風乾燥) 및 냉동(冷凍) 건조분말(乾燥粉末)로 하여 일정(一定)한 상대습도(相對濕度)에 방치(放置)하였을 때의 수분흡착특성(水分吸着特性)과 곰팡이 발생(發生) 등(等)에 관(關)해 구명(究明)한 바, 그 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 수분함량(水分含量)이 85%인 생(生)두부를 열풍건조기(熱風乾燥機)를 이용(利用)하여 $55^{\circ}C$에서 2cm 두께로, 건조(乾燥)할 때에 수분함량(水分含量)을 건물중(乾物重) 8.8%까지 내리는데 18시간(時間)소요(所要)됐으며, 수분함량(水分含量) 감소율(減少率)은 5시간(時間)까지는 급속(急速)히 감소(減少)되다가 차츰 완만(緩慢)하였다. 2. 수분흡착시(水分吸着時) 온도(溫度)가 높을수록 평형수분함량(平衡水分含量)은 낮았고, 냉동건조(冷凍乾燥) 분말(粉末)두부의 경우(境遇) 열풍건조(熱風乾燥) 분말(粉末)두부보다 높았으며 입자(粒子)의 크기는 수분흡착(水分吸着)에 큰 영향(影響)을 미치지 않았다. 3. 단분자층(單分子層) 수분함량(水分含量)은 평형수분함량(平衡水分含量)이 큰 냉동건조(冷凍乾燥) 분말(粉末)두부가 8.3%로 가장 높았다. 4. 수분흡착(水分吸着)에 요(要)하는 자유(自由)에너지는 상대습도(相對濕度) 11%, $15^{\circ}C$에서 1,285.1 cal/mole, $30^{\circ}C$에서 1,323.5 cal/mole로 38.4 cal/mole이 낮았으며 냉동건조(冷凍乾燥) 분말(粉末)두부의 흡착(吸着)에 필요(必要)로 하는 자유(自由)에너지가 열풍건조(熱風乾燥)에 의(依)한 것보다 낮았다. 5. 입자(粒子)의 크기가 흡습속도(吸濕速度)에서는 영향(影響)을 주지 않았고 온도(溫度)가 높을수록 상수(常數)가 낮아지는 경향(傾向)을 나타냈으며, 냉동건조(冷凍乾燥) 분말(粉末)두부의 경우(境遇), $15^{\circ}C$에서 0.00804, $30^{\circ}C$에서 0.00696이었다.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 2010

The compression strength of corrugated fiberboard containers for packaging the agricultural products rapidly decreases because of various environmental conditions during distribution of unitized products. Among various environmental conditions, the main factors affecting the compression strength of corrugated fiberboard are absorption of moisture, long-term accumulative load, and fatigue caused by shock and vibration. An estimated rate of damage for fruit during distribution is about 30~40% owing to the shock and vibration. This study was carried out to characterize the durability of corrugated fiberboard containers for packaging the fruits and vegetables under simulated transportation environment. After the packaging freight was vibrated at various experimental conditions, the compression test for the packaging was performed. The compression strength of corrugated fiberboard containers decreased with loading weight and vibration time. The multiple nonlinear regression equation ($R^2$ = 0.9198) for predicting the decreasing rate of compression strength of corrugated fiberboard containers were developed using four independent variables such as input acceleration level, input frequency, loading weight and vibration time.