• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2011년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.364-369
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• 2011

Recently, the cases of BIPV(Building-integrated Photovoltaic) have been increased with interest in renewable energy application for buildings. PV System in building can perform a variety of roles as an energy supplier, exterior materials, aesthetic element and etc. To apply PV modules in buildings, various factors should be considered, such as the installation angle and orientation of PV module, shading, and temperature. The temperature of PV modules that are attached to building surfaces especially is one of the most important factors, as it affects both the electrical efficiency of a PV module and the energy load in a building. BIPV modules designed as finished material for spandrels are presented in this paper. The purpose of this study is to analysis on the thermal performance characteristics of BIPV modules. This study dealt with different types of BIPV modules depending on the backside material, such as clear glass and backsheet. The analysis of monitoring data shows that the PV module temperature was closely related to the solar radiation on the BIPV module surface, and the BIPV used at the backside also had an effect on the PV module temperature that in turn determines its thermal performance.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2004년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.5 No.2
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• pp.1125-1128
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• 2004

This paper presents the temperature characteristics with structure of 18 kV lightning arresters for distribution. Three types of polymer arresters were fabricated and ceramic type arrester was also ready to investigate. Below $100^{\circ}C$, three types of polymer arresters exhibited almost the same leakage current value, but above $100^{\circ}C$, polymer arrester that arrester module was injected into polymer housing with grease exhibited the highest leakage current and the arrester with the lowest leakage current was the arrester that silicon rubber was directly injected to arrester module. The rising of leakage current of polymer arrester with grease was because of existing grease between FRP winding and silicon housing, and reducing the insulation characteristics of the grease. All polymer arresters exhibited the same temperature characteristics but ceramic typr arrester was slower than polymer arrester in heat emission despite lowest leakage current. It was thought that the air layer between ZnO varistor blocks and ceramic housing prevented the heat emission. However, in spite of the difference of the structure, the variation of the surface temperature of all arresters exhibited the same result.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.62-69
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• 2004

Thermoelectric module is a device that can produce cooling in a direct manner using the electrical energy. The purpose of this study is to investigate the performance of thermoelectric module and cooling system equipped with the thermoelectric module. The performance of a thermoelectric module is estimated using two methods; theoretical analysis based on one-dimensional energy equations and experimental tests using heat source, heat sink and brass conduction extenders. For the thermoelectric cooling system, the temperatures in the chamber are recorded and then compared with those of lumped system analysis. The results show that the cooling capacity and COP of the thermoelectric module increases as the temperature difference between hot and cold surface decreases, and there is particular current at which cooling capacity reaches its maximum value. The experimental results for the thermoelectric cooling system are similar to those of lumped system analysis.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.780-788
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• 2004

This paper reports the fluid flow and heat transfer around a module cooled by forced air flow generated by a piezoelectric(PZT) cooling fan. The fluids are locally accelerated by a flexible PZT fan which deflects inside a fluid transport system of comparatively simple structure mounted on a PCB in a parallel-plate channel(450${\times}$80${\times}$700㎣). Input voltages of 20-100V and a resonance frequency of 23㎐ were used to vibrate the cooling fan. Input power to the module was 4W. The fluid flow around the module was visualized by using PIV system. The temperature distributions around a heated module were visualized by using liquid crystal film(LCF). The cooling effect using a PZT fan was independent of the vent area ratios at the channel inlet and was similar to the forced convection cooling. We found that the flow type was Y-shape and the cooling effect was increased by the wake generated by a piezoelectric cooling fan.

• 전기학회논문지P
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• 제67권1호
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• pp.33-36
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to improve the efficiency of anti-pollution film for PV module. The anti-pollution coating process was performed on a glass substrate, which is the same material as the glass substrate for the PV module. We coated the anti-pollution film on the glass substrate by spray coating. After coating process, annealing process was performed during 1 hour at $200^{\circ}C$, $300^{\circ}C$, and $400^{\circ}C$. And then we analyzed the surface characteristics according to the annealing temperature of the film. Annealing process can also improve the durability of the coated film. And then we analyzed the anti-pollution characteristics, particle size of anti-pollution film, light transmittance. The particle size of anti-pollution film was analyzed with FE-SEM. The light transmittance was analyzed with UV-Visible spectroscopy including integrating sphere.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.51-63
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• 2018

Nowadays the bifacial PV system market and its applications are increasing rapidly. The performance of the bifacial PV system take advantage of its rear surface irradiance. Also, the ground albedo, PV module tilt and azimuth, PV module installation height, shading effect and module temperature are factors of bifacial PV system performance. This paper investigates how the performance of bifacial PV system is influenced by above factors. First, we analyzed the energy yield depending on PV module installation by simulation. Secondly, we compare energy performance evaluation of monofacial and bifacial module on different weather condition by experiment. Thirdly, we tested the albedo effect and checked operating characteristics using Dupont Tyvek material for the bifacial PV module. Fourthly, we check the shading effect of bifacial PV module on bypass diode operating. Finally, we applied the bifacial PV module in the nearby subway station for the noise reduction barrier using a qualified simulation program. In summary, we confirm that the energy performance superiority of the bifacial PV module has a lot of application use including road. Also, we have confirmed the bifacial module and inverter design should be considered by rear surface irradiance.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.760-765
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• 2013

PID (potential induced degradation) of PV module is the degradation of module due to the high potential difference between the front surface of solar cells and ground when PV modules operate under high humidity and temperature conditions. PID is generally derived from the positive sodium ions in front glass that are accumulated on P-type solar cells. Therefore, some papers for the electrical characteristic of only front components as glass, EVA sheet, solar cell under PID generation condition were revealed. In this paper, we analyzed the different outputs of module with PID by considering the all parts of module including the back side elements such as glass, back sheet. Mini modules with one solar cell were fabricated with the various parts on front and back sided of module. To generate PID of module in a short time, the all modules were applied.1,000 V in $85^{\circ}C$, 85% RH. The outputs, dark IV curves and EL images of all modules before and after experiments were also measured to confirm the main components of module for PID generation. From the measured results, the outputs of all modules with front glass were remarkably reduced and the performances of modules with back and front glass were greatly deteriorated. We suggest that the obtained data could be used to reduce the PID phenomenon of diverse modules such as conventional module and BIPV (building integrated photovoltaic) module.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2010

To guarantee life time more than 20 years for manufacturer without stopping photovoltaic(PV) system, it is really important to test the module in realistic time and condition compared to outside weather. In here, we tested PV modules in highly stressed condition compared to IEC standards. In IEC 61215 and IEC 61646 standards, damp-heat, thermal cycle(TC200) and mechanical test are main test items for evaluating long-term durability of PV module in controlled temperature and humidity condition. So in this paper, we have lengthened the test time for TC200 and damp-heat test and increased the loading stress on surface of module. Through this test, we can get some clue of proper the method for measuring realistic life cycle of PV modules and suggested the minimum time for PV test method. The detail description is specified as the following paper.

• 정보과학회 논문지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.411-416
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• 2017

적외선 표적의 정밀한 모델링을 위해서는 정확한 표면온도 계산이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 전도, 대류, 복사를 고려한 복합 열해석 모듈을 소프트웨어로 구현하고, 이를 통하여 표적 재질 및 자세, 환경 요건에 따른 표적의 표면온도 해석을 수행 하였다. 구현된 결과는 상용 소프트웨어인 OKTAL-SE 와의 비교를 통하여 결과의 신뢰성을 검증하였다. 그 결과 자체 검증이 완료된 상용 소프트웨어인 OKTAL-SE 와 약 1% 이내의 오차를 보였다. 계산된 온도 결과를 바탕으로 적외선 표적 모델링을 수행하였으며 OKTAL-SE와의 연동을 통해 적외선 신호 해석을 수행하였다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.284-300
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• 1998

A new thermosyphon cooling module (TSCM) has designed, fabricated and tested to cool the multi-chip module consists of a cold plate and an integrated condenser. With an allowable temperature rise of $56^{\circ}C$ on the surface of the heater, the cooling module TSCM can handle a heat flux of about 2.7 $W/cm^2$ using R11 as working fluid. The transient characteristics of the cooling module have been proved to be excellent: that is, when a heat load is applied inside of the system, steady state can be achieved within 10 to 15 minutes. It has been found that the length of the vapor channel between the cold plate and the condenser in addition to the ambient and the condenser temperatures affect the system performance.