• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.427-440
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• 1993

The paucity of donor hearts for transplantation can be remedied by distant heart procurement. Prolonging donor heart preservation is essential for successful clinical cardiac transplantation. Thirty-two isolated rat hearts were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer solution for 15 minutes, arrested and preserved at 4 oC for 4 hours, and then reperfused for 25 minutes. The following three groups were prepared and hemodynamic changes, creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and ultrastructural changes of the myocardium were analysed before and after cardiac arrest. ; Group I : the heart was arrested with the cardioplegic solution [Plegisol, potassium : 16 mM, sodium : 120 mM] and then stored in a solution with ionic compositions of the extracellular fluid [Hartman, potassium : 4 mM, sodium : 130 mM] ; Group II : the heart was arrested with the cardioplegic solution and stored in a solution with ionic compositions of the intracellular fluid [Modified Euro-Collins, potassium : 108 mM, sodium : 10 mM] ; Group III : the heart was arrested with the cardioplegic solution containing adenosine 20 uM, and then stored in a solution with ionic compositions of the intracellular fluid [Modified University of Wisconsin solution, potassium : 119 mM, sodium: 23 mM]. Left ventricular developed pressure at 20 minutes of the reperfusion was significantly higher in group III [64.3 $\pm$ 3.12 mmHg, p<0.01] and group II [58.3 $\pm$ 1.55 mmHg, p<0.05] as compared with group I [51.4$\pm$ 2.78 mmHg]. The time to induce cardiac arrest after infusion of cardioplegic solution with adenosine 20 uM [5.3 $\pm$ 0.30 second, p<0.005] was significantly shorter than without adenosine [10.6$\pm$ 0.55 second]. Coronary flow at 20 minutes of the reperfusion was augmented significantly in group III [9.6$\pm$ 0.50 ml/min, p<0.05, p<0.05] as compared with group I [8.0 $\pm$ 0.41 ml/min] and group II [8.1$\pm$ 0.51 ml/min]. Percentage recovery of left ventricular developed pressure at 20 minutes of the reperfusion was significantly higher in group III [94.6$\pm$ 2.51 %, p<0.005] as compared with group II and in group II [83.1 $\pm$ 1.22 %, p<0.005] as compared with group I [69.9 $\pm$ 1.73 %], and also percentage recovery of coronary flow at 20 minutes of the reperfusion was significantly higher in group III [82.3 $\pm$ 3.86 %, p<0.05] as compared with group II [71.4 $\pm$ 3.46 %] but there was no significant difference between group I and group II. Measured level of creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme at 15 minutes of the reperfusion was significantly lower in group III [1.23 $\pm$ 0.16 ng/ml, p<0.025] and group II [1.42$\pm$ 0.10 ng/ml, p<0.05] as compared with group I [1.79 0.14 ng/ml]. In the semiquantitative evaluation of the ultrastructural changes of the myocardium, mitochondrial score was lower in group III [0.7 $\pm$ 0.21] than in group I [3.1$\pm$ 0.28] and group II [1.7 $\pm$ 0.19], and also the other structural score was lower in group III [2.7$\pm$ 0.99] than in group I [7.9 $\pm$ 0.89] and group II [5.0 $\pm$ 1.22]. In conclusion, the solution with ionic compositions of the intracellular fluid is appropriate for prolonged cardiac preservation, and it appears to be better preserving method for distant procurement when the donor heart is rapidly arrested with cardioplegic solution containing adenosine 20 uM, and then stored with Modified University of Wisconsin solution.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.488-493
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate spirometric lung pattern, respiratory function and degree of fatigue by lung function tests and fatigue tests of 39 elderly people in a care facility aged 65 and over. The respiratory function tests were used to the Spirovit SP-1 and fatigue tests were used modified Piper fatigue scale(mPFS). Regarding the respiratory function, the FVC was $1.41{\pm}0.36$l, the FVC % predicted was $69.10{\pm}14.98$%, the $FEV_1$ was $1.02{\pm}0.31$l, the $FEV_1$ % predicted was $63.27{\pm}16.05$%, the $FEV_1$/FVC was $72.77{\pm}13.40$%, and the fatigue score was $5.83{\pm}1.09$. As for the spirometric lung pattern, 19 patients had a restrictive pattern(48.7%), followed by 11 with a mixed pattern(28.2%), 5 with an obstructive pattern( 12.8%), and 4 with a normal pattern(10.3%). Regarding the respiratory function and fatigue by spirometric lung pattern, the FVC and the FVC % predicted of patients with a normal pattern or an obstructive pattern were greater than other groups at a statistically significant level. As for the $FEV_1$, that of patients with a normal pattern was significantly higher than others, and for the $FEV_1$ % predicted, that of patients with a normal pattern or a restrictive pattern was significantly higher(p<.001). Fatigue score by patients with a normal pattern was significantly less than patients of other patterns(p<.001). Therefore, pulmonary physical therapy is considered necessary to improve respiratory function and fatigue degradation of elderly in a facility.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2015

목적: 본 연구는 성인 남녀의 근거리 입체시와 근거리 사위의 관계를 알아보고, 근거리 입체시와 사위 및 굴절이상과의 상관성을 조사하였다. 방법: 성인 83명(남자 36명, 여자 47명, 평균 연령 $21.09{\pm}1.74$(19~29)세)을 대상으로 굴절이상자는 완전교정 후, 검사거리 40 cm에서 근거리 입체시는 Titmus-fly Stereotest(Stereo Optical Co., Inc., Chicago, IL, USA)와 RANDOT Stereotest(Stereo Optical Co., Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), 사위는 수정토링톤법(modified torrington method)으로 측정하였다. 결과: 근거리 입체시는 남자가 여자보다 더 좋았고 남녀 간에 차이는 없었으나, 근거리 사위는 여자가 남자보다 더 높았으며 남녀 간에 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 근거리 입체시는 Titmus-fly Stereotest와 RANDOT Stereotest 결과 각각 내사위에서 $262.17{\pm}562.43$초, $243.08{\pm}68.04$초, 정위에서 $148.42{\pm}269.54$초, $107.40{\pm}263.74$초, 외사위에서 $113.94{\pm}152.46$초, $79.70{\pm}136.83$초로 사위 세 그룹 간에는 차이가 없었으나(p>0.05), 내사위와 근거리 입체시는 높은 상관성이 있었다(r=0.68). 또한 근거리 입체시가 굴절이상에서는 각각 정시에서 $80.00{\pm}571.43$초, $68.75{\pm}36.82$초, 근시에서 $133.57{\pm}224.15$초, $93.14{\pm}214.95$초 원시에서 $511.20{\pm}855.00$초, $511.4{\pm}855.60$초로 세 그룹 간에 유의한 차이를 나타냈다(p<0.05). 근거리 입체시를 굴절이상도로 분류했을 때, 정시에서 가장 좋고 고도 근시, 고도원시로 굴절이상도가 높았을 때 감소하였다. 결론: Titmus-fly Stereotest와 RANDOT Stereotest 결과, 성인의 근거리 입체시는 내사위일 때, 굴절이상이 높을 때 감소되어 사위 및 굴절이상과 관계가 있었고, 이 두 입체시 검사에서 근거리 입체시가 나쁠 경우에 사위 또는 굴절이상을 예상할 수 있다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.182-192
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to validate an experimental model for assessing tissue integration of titanium and zirconia implants with and without buccal dehiscence defects. Methods: In 3 dogs, 5 implants were randomly placed on both sides of the mandibles: 1) Z1: a zirconia implant (modified surface) within the bony housing, 2) Z2: a zirconia implant (standard surface) within the bony housing, 3) T: a titanium implant within the bony housing, 4) Z1_D: a Z1 implant placed with a buccal bone dehiscence defect (3 mm), and 5) T_D: a titanium implant placed with a buccal bone dehiscence defect (3 mm). The healing times were 2 weeks (one side of the mandible) and 6 weeks (the opposite side). Results: The dimensions of the peri-implant soft tissue varied depending on the implant and the healing time. The level of the mucosal margin was located more apically at 6 weeks than at 2 weeks in all groups, except group T. The presence of a buccal dehiscence defect did not result in a decrease in the overall soft tissue dimensions between 2 and 6 weeks ($4.80{\pm}1.31$ and 4.3 mm in group Z1_D, and $4.47{\pm}1.06$ and $4.5{\pm}1.37mm$ in group T_D, respectively). The bone-to-implant contact (BIC) values were highest in group Z1 at both time points ($34.15%{\pm}21.23%$ at 2 weeks, $84.08%{\pm}1.33%$ at 6 weeks). The buccal dehiscence defects in groups Z1_D and T_D showed no further bone loss at 6 weeks compared to 2 weeks. Conclusions: The modified surface of Z1 demonstrated higher BIC values than the surface of Z2. There were minimal differences in the mucosal margin between 2 and 6 weeks in the presence of a dehiscence defect. The present model can serve as a useful tool for studying peri-implant dehiscence defects at the hard and soft tissue levels.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.151-155
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• 1995

Whatman carboxymethyl cellulose CM 32와 CM 70으로 부터 색소단으로서 trinitrophenyl를 함유하는 섬유소 유도체를 합성하였다. 먼저 diaminoethyl기를 부가하여 DAE-CM-celulose를 얻고 다시 DAE-CM기 부위를 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl기로 치환시켜 TNP-cellulose를 조제하였다. CM 32로 부터 얻은 TNP-cellulose는 입자의 평균 크기가 $44.6{\pm}9.6{\mu}mD{\times}127.9{\pm}22.5{\mu}mL$로서 CM 70의 것에 비하여 3분의 1 수준으로 길이가 짧은 반면 폭은 보다 팽윤된 상태이었으며, ${\varepsilon}$-TNP-lysine의 molar extinction coefficient $1.33{\times}10^4$을 적용하여 측정한 그램당 TNP의 몰분율은 0.68 millimole로서 CM 70의 것보다 5.6배 높았다. 섬유소 분해효소에 의한 TNP-cellulose의 분해산물인 TNP-oligosaccharide의 최대 흡수 파장 ${\lambda}_{max}$는 344 nm이었다. 이들 TNP-cellulose를 기질로 하여 Onozuka R-10 효소액을 반응시킨 결과 반응 생성물의 흡광도가 효소의 농도에 비례하는 관계를 나타내었으며 CM 32의 것을 사용한 경우에 그 기울기가 현저히 커서 낮은 효소 농도 범위에서도 감도가 높음을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.438-443
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• 2004

배경 : 비디오 흉강경의 발전으로 원발성 자연기흉에 대한 치료방침은 기관이나 술자에 따라 다양하게 변화하고 있다. 최근 본 교실에서는 원발성 자연기흉의 치료지침을 변경하였는데, 기흉의 정도가 심하지 않고, 즉각적인 흉관 처치를 필요치 않을 경우 먼저 국소마취하에서 2 mm 흉강경을 이용하여 폐실질을 살핀 후 폐기포가 없으면 흉강 내 공기를 음압을 이용해 완전 제거 후 귀가 조치하였으며, 폐기포 발견 시 즉각 전신마취로 전환하여 흉강경하 폐기포절제술을 시행하였다. 또한 흉강경 수술시 기계적 흉막유착술 대신 폐기포 절단면에 fibrin glue를 도포하여 수술을 마쳤다. 이에 새로운 치료방침에 따른 효용성을 확인하기 위해 기존의 치료법과 비교 연구하였다. 대상 및 방법: 원발성 자연기흉으로 진단받고 2 mm 흉강경 검사를 시행한 21예를 I군, 흉관삽관치료만 시행한 68예를 II군, fibrin glue 도포를 시행한 56예를 III군, 기계적 흉막유착술을 시행한 87예를 IV군으로 술 후 흉관 삽입기간, 재원일수, 재발의 빈도를 조사하여 I군과 II군, III군과 IV군을 비교하였다. 걸か: 모든 군에서 나이, 성별과 기흉의 위치에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. I군에서 12예는 기포가 발견되어 기포제거술을 시행하였고, 나머지 9예에서는 기포가 발견되지 않아 흉관 삽관 없이 단순 흡입만 시행하였다. 단순 흡입만 시행한 환자의 경우 재원일수는 2.1$\pm$1.0일로 II군의 3.9$\pm$2.1일보다 짧았다(p=0.014). I군의 1예에서 7일 후 기흉이 재발하였고, II군의 26예에서 재발을 하였으나 두 군 간에 유의한 차이는 없었다(p=0.149). III군에서는 흉관삽입기간은 2.8$\pm$1.8일로 IV군의 3.0$\pm$2.5일보다 짧았으나 유의한 차이는 없었으며(p=0.516), 재원일수는 III군에서 5.6$\pm$2.7일, IV군에서 7.3$\pm$3.3일로 III군의 재원일수가 짧았다(p=0.002). III군에서는 재발이 없었고, IV군에서는 7명에서 재발을 하였다(p=0.043). 결론: 원발성 자연 기흉 환자에서 2 mm 흉강경 검사 후 수술적응을 결정하고 기포제거술 시 fibrin glue를 사용한다면 빠른 임상 경과와 재발률을 낮추는 데 도움이 될 것이라고 생각된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제36권12호
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• pp.937-942
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• 2003

흉강경을 이용한 기흉의 수술은 우수한 미용 효과, 낮은 이환율, 짧은 재원기간, 빠른 일상생활로의 복귀 등의 많은 장점이 있으나, 5∼10%에 이르는 재발률이 단점으로 지적되며, 이러한 단점을 극복하기 위한 액와부소개흉술은 절개창이 큰 단점이 있어 본 저자들은 고식적인 흉강경을 이용한 수술법과 액와부소개흉술의 장점을 합친 흉강경하 기낭절제술의 변형 술식(Modified Thoracoscopic Bullectomy)을 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2002년 1월 1일부터 2002년 12월 31일까지 총 66예의 기흉에 대하여 수술을 시행하였으며 이 중 액와부소개흉술군은 27예, 고식적인 흉강경을 이용한 기낭절제술군이 13예, 변형된 흉강경하 기낭절제술군이 18예였다. 각 군에서 환자의 평균 나이는 액와부소개흉술군이 21.9세(16∼35세), 고식적 흉강경 수술군이 20.6세(17∼28세), 흉강경하 기낭절제술의 변형술식군이 22.6세(16∼39세)였으며, 각 군에서 남녀의 성비는 액와부소개흉술군과 흉강경하 기낭절제술의 변형 술식군에서는 모두 남자 환자였으며, 고식적인 흉강경수술군에서만 1명이 여자 환자였다. 평균 추적관찰기간은 소개흉술군이 11.4개월, 고식적 흉강경 수술군이 9.5개월이었으며, 흉강경하 기낭절제술의 변형 술식군은 4.7개월이었다 결과: 수술시간을 보면 고식적 흉강경 수술군이 평균 44.23$\pm$19.24분으로 액와부소개흉술군의 67.04$\pm$21.04분보다 통계적으로 유의하게 짧았으며(p=0.010), 수술시 사용된 스테플러의 개수를 보면, 고식적 흉강경수술군이 평균 2.92$\pm$1.19개, 흉강경하 기낭절제술의 변형 술식군이 평균 1.63$\pm$0.76개로 적게 사용되었다(p<0.001). 수술 후 흉관 거치기간은 액와부소개흉술군이 굉균 4.07$\pm$1.41일, 고식적 흉강경수술군이 4.46$\pm$2.33일 그리고 흉강경하 기낭절제술의 변형 술식군이 1.63$\pm$0.76일로 유의하게 짧았으며(각각p<0.001), 술후 평균재원기간 역시 흉강경하 기낭절제술의 변형 술식군이 3.26$\pm$0.81일로 액와부소개흉술군의 6.04$\pm$2.21일이나 고식적인 흉강경수술군의 6.69$\pm$3.33일보다 유의하게 ？았다(각각p<0.001). 수술 중 및 수술 후 합병증은 모두 8예에서 발생되었는데, 소개흉술군에서 2예(7.4%), 전통적인 흉강경을 이용한 기낭절제술군에서 5예(38.5%), 흉강경을 이용한 기낭절제술의 변형술식군에서 1예(5.6%)에서 발생되었다. 결론: 흉강경하 기낭절제술의 변형 술식은 매우 효과적인 술식으로 생각된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.2759-2763
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• 2013

Background: Impaired oxidative/antioxidative status plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many diseases like cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of the novel marker ischemia modified albumin (IMA) and albumin adjusted-IMA (Adj-IMA) in patients with bladder cancer (BC) as well as its association with total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI). Materials and Methods: Forty male patients with BC (mean age, $67.4{\pm}12$ years) and forty age-sex matched healthy persons (mean age $56.0{\pm}1.7$ years) were included in this study. Serum levels of IMA, TAS, TOS were analyzed and Adj- IMA and OSI was calculated. Results: Serum IMA, TOS and OSI values were significantly higher in patients with BC compared to controls (p<0.0001, p=0.01 and p=0.01, respectively), whereas TAS was significantly lower in BC patients (p=0.04). There was no significant difference for serum albumin-adjusted IMA levels between groups (p=0.4). Conclusions: In this study, it was found that there was an impaired oxidative/antioxidant status in favor of oxidative stress in BC patients. This observation was not confirmed by Adj-IMA calculation. There is no published report about serum concentrations of IMA in patients with BC. Further studies are needed to establish the relationship of IMA and oxidative stress parameters in BC and the significance of IMA to other cancers.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.63-77
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• 1988

This study was carried out to investigate relationships between maximal running time (MRT) and glycogen supercompensation in fast twitch white fibers (white vastus, WV), fast twitch red fibers (red vastus, RV) and slow twitch red fibers (soleus muscle, SM) of endurance-trained rats. Male rats of a Sprague-Dawley strain were divided into the trained groups and untrained groups. Untrained groups were acquired to run on the treadmill 10 minutes for 3 days and remained rest and maintained with mixed diet for 4 weeks. For last 10 days of resting period, the untrained rats were divided into 3 groups i.e. mixed diet (untrained control), high and low carbohydrate (CHO) diet groups. And each group was subdivided into 2 groups, one group was tested for the MRT and the other was sacrificed to measure the blood glucose, blood lactate, glycogen contents of liver and muscles. The experimental groups were trained on treadmill by a modified method of Constable et al. (1984) maintained with mixed diet for 4 weeks. After measurement of MRT of this group, they were also divided into high and low CHO groups and fed with these diet for 2 days and MRT of each group was measured again to see the effect of high or low CHO feeding on the MRT. Each group was maintained with the same diet for next 2 days during which some of the rats were sacrificed at given time intervals for the measurements of blood glucose and lactate, liver and the muscles glycogen. The results were summarized as follows; 1) In the untrained group, there were no significant differences between subgroups in MRT, glycogen conent of SM, RV and WV. But blood glucose concentration and glycogen content of liver of low CHO group were significantly lower than those of mixed diet group. 2) The MRT and glycogen content of SM, RV and WV of trained mixed diet group were significantly increased compared to those of untrained mixed diet group, but there was no significant difference in glycogen content of liver. 3) MRT of trained mixed, high CHO and low CHO groups were $137{\pm}9.8,\;176{\pm}9.8\;and\;129{\pm}7.3\;min$ respectively with the significant difference between them. 4) There were no differences in blood lactate concentrations between the trained high and low CHO groups immediately after maximal running and during recovery period. 5) Glycogen contents in RV and SM of trained high CHO group were significantly increased, and glycogen contents in RV, WV and liver of trained low CHO group were significantly decreased compared to those of trained mixed diet group. 6) Immediately after maximal running, the blood glucose concentrations of trained high CHO and low CHO groups were $73{\pm}4.0\;and\;67{\pm}6.9mg%$ respecitively. The blood glucose of the trained high CHO group was fully recovered within one hour by feeding. But blood glucose concentration of low CHO group was slowly recovered up to $114{\pm}4.1mg%$ after two hours of feeding and maintained. Those values were still significantly lower than that of trained mixed diet group. The synthetic rates of glycogen in liver and muscles during the recovery period followed the similar time course of the blood glucose recoveries in each group. These results suggest that an increase in MRT of trained high CHO group was attributed to the glycogen supercompensation in slow twitch muscle fibers. And a decrease in MRT of trained low CHO may be due to decreased glycogen contents of liver and muscles. The results also suggest that glycogen supercompensation was more evident in slow twitch red fibers of endurance-trained rats and blood glucose is one of the limiting factors of glycogen synthesis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.3209-3212
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• 2012

Introduction: Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the most common gastrointestinal malignancy in the older population, but it is also quite frequent among young adults in developing countries. The aim of this study was to update the trends of clinicopathological features of CRC in young Nepalese. Methods: A retrospective comparative study on the data retrieved from the surgical records of all patients between 20 to 39 years of age with CRC was carried out for periods of 5 years each from 1999 to 2003 (early) and 2004 to 2008 (recent), treated at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. Results: The number of young adults with CRC increased from 28 to 34. However, the proportion of young patients in both groups was 28% of all CRC patients. The mean ages were $34{\pm}4.7$ and $31.8{\pm}5.1$ years in early and recent 5 years, respectively, and the male female ratio changed from 2:3 to 4:3. Abdominal pain as the most common presenting symptom was replaced by bleeding per rectum in recent years. The mean duration from onset of symptoms to seeking medical advice decreased from 7.8 months to 5.6 months in recent years. More patients (85.3%) were subjected to endoscopic examination in recent years than early years (60.7%) and right colonic cancer increased from 10.7% to 26.5%. However, the rectum was the commonest site in both early (71.4%) and recent (50%) groups. CRC was detected significantly at an earlier stage (7.1% vs 32.4%) in recent years with large proportion of modified Dukes B stage. Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma was the predominant histology in both groups (50% vs 60.7%). Curative resection had risen in recent years (39.3% vs 73.6%). Conclusion: CRC among Nepalese young adults accounts for a high incidence (28%) of all CRC cases. Although right sided colonic cancer has been increasing, rectum is the commonest site. There is also an increasing trend for diagnosis at earlier stages of the disease which can be treated with curative intent.