• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.860-864
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• 2005

Nowadays most of scholarship is based on the western model. Traditional Chinese Medical education system also follows the western medical education. In the views of medical sociology, it shows very interesting phenomenon that the modernization of traditional area follows the western model of modernization. Moreover, it provides a good chance to discuss whether modernization and westernization of tradition is real development or not. Traditional Chinese Medicine had been the only institutional medicine in China for a long time. But the status of Traditional Chinese Medicine has been changed very rapidly since modern era. Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medical School was established in 1916. But National Party government tried to abolish Traditional Chinese Medicine and it met a crisis of maintenance. But the situation has been dramatically changed when Communist Party got the power in 1949. The Communist Government needed a chief medical service. And Traditional Chinese Medicine could meet the condition. Traditional Chinese Medicine could provide also the ideology of national superiority. Therefore, Traditional Chinese Medicine has been protected and developed by the assistance of the Communist Party. In the process, Traditional Chinese Medical education has been professionalized.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.165-169
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• 2007

Influenced by the western science and experimental medicine of recent times, Kampo medicine had been founded characterized by experiment at the Edo age in japan. However, the government of japan pursued the scientificalness of medicine blindly, then Kampo medicine completely westernized and moved towards the decline. In our modernization of Chinese medicine, the historical lesson of japan should be learned.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.540-552
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• 2013

This study focuses on discussing several issues that we encounter when we 'modernize' the fundamental theories of Korean Medicine(KM): It is pertinent to set the boundaries of the "fundamental theories" of the KM. The boundaries can be set based on: a) setting the medicine and the philosophy of medicine apart and b) re-evaluating the traditional theories of KM based on the needs of the modern practitioners of KM. The fundamental theories of KM should focus on how effectively they can observe, explain, and predict the clinical cases. The clinical cases and observations should not be distorted in order to satisfy the theory. "The modernization of KM" can be defined as the change in traditional medicine to fit the needs of the contemporary world, while not losing the focus and the nature of the KM. The fundamental theories of KM will play a key role in modernizing the KM, as the focus and the inherent nature of the KM comes from these fundamental theories. The modernization of the fundamental theories of KM will be crucial to both possible models of future healthcare system-the plural healthcare system, or the western medicine-centric integrated healthcare system. The modernization will also help in advancing the future medical studies. The key to modernization of the fundamental theories of the KM is in translating the key terms of KM in modern light. As a solution, this study suggests paying attention to the 'scientific metaphors', and especially to the 'theory-constitute metaphors' among those. More in-depth studies need to be done on these.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.139-150
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• 2021

This paper examines whether the conceptual metaphor theory, which has been recently treated as important research topic in the field of cognitive linguistics, can be a new method that can promote the modernization of basic Korean medicine (KM) theory. In addition, the significance and potential of this study are reviewed by looking at Chinese research cases that applied this theory to Traditional Chinese Medicine theories and terminologies. The results are summarized as follows. From the viewpoint of metaphoric cognition, KM is a medicine that attempts to understand the human body (microcosm) through nature (great universe) by metaphorically projecting human experiences of nature on the human body based on the thought of correspondence between nature and human (天人相應). The language system of KM is based on a metaphor that extends our experience of nature to the human body, and an abundance of metaphors can be seen throughout the language of KM. Understanding and interpreting KM theories and terminologies from a metaphorical point of view allow us to understand the nature of KM theoretical key terms more deeply than now. And this understanding can help define and describe KM theoretical key terms and promote the modernization of KM theory research. In addition, various image schema that plays an important role in the metaphorical expansion of physical experience can be used for modeling KM theory. Research of KM theories and terminologies from a metaphorical point of view can serve as a bridge between traditional KM theory and modernization research, opening a new path to the modernization of basic KM theory in difficult situations.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.15-19
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• 2010

Five phase theory has significant effect on Traditional Chinese Medicine, which puts its emphasis on correlation and integrity. However, the five phase theory itself has a limitation that it cannot reflect the general correlation and special features of affairs. Traditional Chinese Medicine pertains the five organs to five elements, absorbing the essence of the five phase theory, and transcending the limitation of the five phase theory in practice. Therefore, Traditional Chinese Medicine and other traditional medicine theories can be called as "five viscera correlation theory". On the course of modernization of traditional medicine, the effects among the five viscera can be concluded to 3 correlations of promotion, coordination and inhibition, to illustrate the integrity and correlation theory of traditional medicine from different approaches.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.13 no.2 s.20
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• pp.37-45
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• 2007

Background : The 'Korean Medicine' is the traditional medicine in Korea, which has preserved its homogeneous quality in the long historic period. But since 1945 when Korea was divided, the Korean Medicine has also been independently developed in South and North Korea. As a Result, it has lost its national homogeneity. Objective : In order to illuminate the past and an actuality of the transition and medical system of traditional medicine in North Korea. Method : Overview a preceding research paper and the various data of traditional medicine in North Korea. Result : 1. The name of North Korea traditional medicine from 'East medicine' was changed history with 'Korean medicine', It with the method which combines a traditional medicine and a Western medicine is endeavoring to modernization. 2. The administrative systems which take charge of the traditional medicine of North Korea are the organization which manages the Korean medicine and the Bureau of The Korean medicine production control. Also there is relation of the Bureau of the treatment prevention. 3. There are 8 medical colleges other than P'yongyang medical college. There is 6 years 6 months and 7 years 7 month follows in curriculum. Conclusions : It evaluated the past and an actuality of the transition and medical system of traditional medicine in North Korea.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.758-769
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• 2010

This is a preliminary study for examining the identity issue of the current Traditional Korean Medicine(TKM). In order to examine the identity issue, it is necessary to understand "what" current TKM is. The current TKM has been formed in the complicated historical settings and the newly formed academic geography of modern times, completely different from those of the traditional era. This paper took diachronic and synchronic approaches in order to understand the current TKM. In the process of modernization and scientization of the TKM-which had begun in the early twentieth century-the western medical knowledge merged into the TKM. Also, as the College education of the TKM began after the Liberation from the Japanese colonial rule, the TKM scholars accepted the western medical department system to develop the TKM into professional knowledge. Meanwhile, since the late 1970s, the TKM has been influenced by the modern Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), and the TCM knowledge also merged into the TKM. And recently, the research methodology of the complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), and the clinical research technique of the western medicine-like Evidence based Medicine (EBM)-are affecting the scientization and clinical study of the TKM. The current TKM has been formed as a result of the hybridization of these different knowledges. These changes in the TKM were inevitable for the survival of it in the fast changing world. But these changes brought with them problems. Among those, the identity issue is the most important and crucial.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.57-75
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• 2001

This study was conducted to improve the current regulation guidelines for developing traditional Korean medicines with effectiveness and productivity, in order to cope with the upcoming ICH on specifications on oriental herbal drugs. Also, major purposes of this study are to motivate R&D and to pioneer foreign markets for domestic herbal drug companies. First, after examining concepts of traditional Korean medicines and comparing the numbers and differentiation of herbal drugs registered on Pharmacopeia among Korea, China, and Japan, the current new drug development requirements for traditional Korean medicines were reviewed in detail, followed by comparison of foreign regulation systems including USA, EU, China, and Japan. Second, empirical cases on failure of development for new traditional Korean medicines under the current regulation system in the domestic companies including Dong-A, Kwangdong, and Samchondang, were collected and analyzed. As a result, hanbangsaengyak, the new category for traditional Korean medicines was newly developed on the basis of scientification of data between saengyak and hanyak, from the perspectives of harmonization between oriental medicine and western medicine and of balance between food and drug, in terms of industrialization, publicity, modernization, and effectiveness of administration. In addition, the new regulation requirements for the new hanbangsaengyak preparations were discussed by establishing principles of reinforcing preclinical test and of simplifying clinical trials in Korea. Finally, the further researches to articulate the complete specifications for pre-clinical and clinical requirements for traditional Korean medicines were strongly suggested.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.229-234
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• 2001

This article summarizes the present developing conditions and achievements in pediatrics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) at basic medicine, clinical medicine and preventive medicine in recent fifty years. The author thinks that the strategy goal of the development of TCM pediatrics is modernization. In the future certain years, culturing persons of ability in all kinds of administrative levels and using modern science and techniques are very necessary. In the aspect of the background of TCM pediatrics, childrens physiology and pathology characteristic, pharmacodynamics, making the four diagnostic methods objective, combining macro differentiation with micro differentiation, reforming the preparation form should be intensively researched. In the aspect of clinic, in order to improve curative effect, accumulate materials, we should go deep into the research on virus diseases, immunity diseases, nutritional diseases and neonatal diseases by taking advantage of the superiority of TCM.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.51-68
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• 2010

Hanyak, Korean herbal medicine is defined as the herbs understood and explained by traditional Korean medical theories. Considering this definition, there are broad prospective of every species being consilienced and utilized as Korean herbal medicine. Most varied plant species are in tropical regions, and its of these regions posses its own particular traditional medicine. Brazil posses the most varied and abundant plant species and also characteristic traditional medicine, formed by the combination of native indians and immigrants from Africa and Europe. Brazilian traditional medicine are practices by 'garrafeiros', 'raizeiros', or 'curandeiros' and in Caatinga uses herbs in ritual ceremonies. But threatened by modernization, these knowledge may be vanished in a prompt time. Therefore we carried this research in the propose of understanding as well as preserving their traditional medical knowledge. We revised publications about the medical plants and summarized 314 species of 94 families according to repetitive references. The most cited families were COMPOSITAE, LABIATAE, LEGUMINOSAE, RUBIACEAE, SOLANACEAE, UMBELLIFERAE, VERBENACEAE. Also cited major medical efficacies which further medical uses in combinations or modification of current traditional Korean medicine should be studied. This study provides overall prospect of the plants resources of Brazil and their uses. It may serve in the consilience and understanding of varied traditional medicine by traditional Korean Medicine.