• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.16
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• pp.71-110
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• 1989

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influential factors creating the modern library thought in the latter part of Yi Dynasty. After Korea was forced to make a treaty opening up the country in 1876, Western civilization was introduced and reforms were carried out eventually. Various influential factors could be taken into consideration as follows. (1) The envoys to Japan after 1876 (2) Tourists party to Japan organized by Gentlemen in 1982 (3) The persons who studied abroad (4) Establishment of modern schools and development of publications: on the new learning. (5) News media and others Above all, the persons who studied abroad, such as Yu Gil Jun, Yun Chi Ho, etc., in early stage has contributed most to the extension of public recognition for modern library in Korea. Therefore it can be said that the formation of modern library thought in Korea was based on the theory of the Western library as was the Japan in the period of Meiji Restoration. Patriotic intelectualls in these days believed that reform of the educational system and the diffusion of knowledge was very much meeded in order to preserve an independent Korea and to build up national strength, and then nation-wide campaign for enlightenment was earried on. For that reason the movement of the national library establishment in 1906 also should be regarded from the same point of view, that is, as a part of the enlightenment campaign. Therefore it should not go unheeded that strong patriotism was always streamed under the ground of the library campaign as well as the new learning and new education campaign. Unfortunately every plan of Korean library movement had broken down and missed the chance for having experience of self-development because of the Japanese invasion.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.458-466
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• 2015

This article aims at examining Japanese recognition of Korea through analyzing the Japanese language textbooks of Japan, in order to find how Japanese people perceived Korea in the first half of the 20th century. I explored descriptions related to Korea in the Japanese language textbooks published in the 1st curriculum (1904) to the 5th curriculum (1945). In this period, the Japanese language textbooks were serving in allowing Korea to be associated Queen Jin Goo and Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Korean custom and Korean landscape of Seoul and rural area. They designated Korea was a small and weak country through the stories of Queen Jin Goo and Toyotomi Hideyoshi. Although they introduced Korean floor heating system, Korean costume, and Korean ritual, they reinforced Korea was a backward country through representing undeveloped transportation facilities and unsanitary living conditions. They characterized the coloniality of Korea through portraying modern buildings created by Japan on Seoul streets. Furthermore, they induced assimilation of Japan and Korea through the story of Korean rural areas.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.98-108
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• 2011

As people abroad have been much interested in the usage of modern architecture from the early days, many researches about various methods of using them have been progressed. In Korea, with the need to protect the modern architecture through active usage of them in the dimension of protecting the disappearing history, at present, many modern architectures were renovated and used. This research is to find out the sense of direction about the changes of design of the renovated modern architectures in Korea by analyzing the design changes after the renovations in Korea and abroad. Under the limitation of the modern architecture renovation case in Korea, Japan and China, the changes of design after the modern architecture renovation in Korea and aborad were analyzed by the analysis of the ways of remodelling for each case according to the case analyzing frame. Based on the reasons of renovations which had purpose of preserving social history with many other various reasons in common in both cases of Korean modern architecture remodelling and abroad, the common direction of design is to meet new with old to preserve the special image though they did it in different ways. However, different from the case of Japan and China which are coexisting present and past in space, Korean case focused too much on outside, which resulted in only outside designs. In the case of Korea, the past should have mutual understanding to have the firm space image by forming unique interior space culture through the architectural grafting the present in the past not only in the outside space but also in the indoor space. In another words, for the various changes of design in Korean modern architecture renovations, a systematic research should be done about the interior spaces of present architecture and modern architecture.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.633-642
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• 2016

This study looked into Japan's recognition of Korea in early modern era with particular focuses on discourse on Korea and contents in textbooks in those days. In doing so, the topics of nationality, historical recognition, and social aspects in Korea were established and discourse on these topics in educational journals and the contents of textbooks and teaching manuals projected with such discourse were investigated. As for nationality, a strong propensity to negative recognition was clearly observed, represented by the words lazy, enervate, and uncivilized. They defined Korea's history of passive, other-directed nature and described such incompetent national management resulted in negative nationality. Their recognition of Korean history went further away, stating Korea was incapable of maintaining its independence and was a threat to peace of Japan and Asia, hence the forced merger by Japan. The criteria for Japan to assess Korean society were Western civilization and they defined Korean society as a pre-modern society with lower levels of civilization and culture. Discourse in Japan over Korea in early modern era were strongly influenced by Japan's pride as a modern state and its dominating ideology of imperialism and such discussions were spread among students through textbooks and teaching manuals.

• Strategy21
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• s.40
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• pp.37-81
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• 2016

This paper aims to use crossover analysis to uncover similarities and differences between the U.S-Japan relationship in the World War II era and the modern U.S-China relationship, and to forecast the possibility of the outbreak of war between U.S and China by applying the steps to war theory. The steps to war theory argues that the probability of the outbreak of war between two states within five years would approach 90 percent, if they have ongoing territorial dispute, alliance, rivalry, and arms race. The comparison exposes some similarities with the territorial dispute, alliance, rivalry, but reveals dissimilarities with arms race. U.S-Japan relationship in the World War II era had the arms race, which does not exist the modern U.S-China Relationship. The result of comparison is that the probability for the Outbreak of War between U.S and China correspond to third stage(Risk Level). it means that the probability for the Outbreak of War between U.S and China is 55%. But, There are four elements(① Perception of Leader ② Mutual dependence of economy ③ Possession of nuclear weapon ④ Ravages of war) that reduce the probability for the Outbreak of War. Considering the four elements, the probability for the Outbreak of War between U.S and China is a slim chance. But the probability for the Outbreak of War between U.S and China is excluded because of territorial dispute, alliance, rivalry. So, This paper suggests three points.(① Developing military options ② Reducing the misconception of intend, ③ Promoting navy exchanges) to prevent of Outbreak of War.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.36
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• pp.97-122
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• 2014

During the Edo-period [江戶時代 1603-1867], Japan accepted the modern western science and culture while trading with Holland since 1609, and also through the influx of optical instruments in the $18^{th}$ century the culture of viewing pictures began to be developed. Especially, the peep-boxes and their pictures had been imported from China and Holland since the mid 1750s when they were flourished. The peep-box was rapidly and widely spread. Soon after, the peep-boxes and pictures had begun to be produced in Japan (megane [眼鏡] and megane-e [眼鏡繪]) since 1770s when the early visual culture settled down in Kyoto and Tokyo etc. The visual culture developed with the peep-box contains two remarkable factors in the cultural history of the $18^{th}$ century Japan. First, the peep-boxes became the popular device of visual entertainment, and opened the first phase of the modern visual culture before the advent of photography and cinema in the mid and end of the $19^{th}$ century. Secondly, the peep-box played a role of an educative media as a 'window to the unknown world' in the $18^{th}$ century Japan, by showing various pictures of many European cities. Through the peep-box pictures the 'western images' were spread and knowledges of Japanese about the west increased, although they were recognized just as 'Holland's images' without differentiation in each country.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.161-175
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• 2016

Sensitivity has become more important in relation to design in a changing social environment and atmosphere. In the West, the concept of aesthetics has long been established but in the East, only in the seventeenth and eighteenth century China the discussion had begun. In Korea where the first scholarly discussion on aesthetics had begun around 1929, more and more rigorous and theoretical discussions emerge nowadays. Korean beauty consists of unplanned Beauty and unplanned planned Beauty. Japanese beauty consists of the beauty of half-articulation and the beauty of articulation. While both Korea and Japan base their sense of beauty on nature, Korea emphasizes the nature as it is and Japan values the artful decorative elements. In modern Korean fashion, the characteristic Korean aesthetics of unplanned Beauty appears in the various expressive techniques such as the movement with natural gathering, the use of natural materials like cotton, the harmonization of black and white, and simplified silhouette. Also, there are plays on balance and proportion using straight and curves lines and variegated colors and creative printing, intentional asymmetry, and destrution.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.61-73
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• 2005

Recently, Korea is becoming a world-leading country in various industrial fields with it's advanced information technology. In the 20th century, Korea went through a chaotic period from Japanese colonization via the Korean war to IMF because of lack of globalization. Now, we have a mission and the abilities to lead world-wide trends in entire fields of society. This study, comparing the modern healthcare planning trends in Korea, China, Japan and the United States, proposes the Northeast Asia Healthcare Network Plan which Korea leads. United States is the starter of healthcare network, but it's location is too far from Asia and IT is also inferior to the Korean. Japan seems to have no concerns with this healthcare network. And the current China is a rapid growing period and is too much for building its domestic healthcare infra-structure. they still have no concerns with re-structuring of healthcare system and facilities. Because of these reasons, I think Korea should have to lead Northeast Asia Healthcare network.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.4 no.5
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• pp.15-26
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• 1981

While one characteristic of modern enterprises is that their forms are mostly stock company type profit organization the other characteristic is that such modern enterprises have mostly been managing under separation between capital and management. The term "Separation of ownership and Management" means that a company is controlled and managed not by its financier or investor but by the professional manager equipped with scientific management skill and knowledge. Nowadays, separation between capital and management could be adopted by advent of professional managers, and the enterprises are managed not exclusively by the interested group of stockholders but by the professional managers Professional managers can manage their enterprises in such a way as to guarantee to achieve sociality and public interests required in the modern enterprises. The purpose of this study is to formalize management ideology of enterprises in Daegu Area by means of comparative study on the degree of separation of ownership and management among enterprises in the United States, Japan and Daegu Area, thus to advise enterprising men of management idea-logy formalized. Findings from the comparative study are as follows 1. There are differences in staffing and financing between enterprises of the United States and those of Japan and Daegu Area. 2. Degree of Separation of ownership and management in Japan and Daegu Area is much less than that of the United States, and 3. The degree of separation of ownership and management is higher in open enterprises in Daegu Area. Accordingly. enterprises in Daegu Area should adopt up-to-data management theory and techniques in order to be developed themselves, and furthermore, to contribute to both the nation and the local community in economic development. In modern industrial society, the scale enterprise organization is growing very rapidly and the managerial circumstances are very much complicate and variable , thus the demand for the competent managers equipped with management knowledge and ability are high. The necessity of systematic and efficient managerial training is social demand needed urgently in modern industrial society. Therefore, it is necessary for the enterprising men in Daegu Area to establish cooperation system between university and industry in which they can participate voluntarily.luntarily.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.8-17
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• 1978

The later part of the Lee-Dynasty was a period that marked an important turning point in the history of the modern communication system in our country. This paper proposes to research the historic process of initiation and development of the modern communication system in that period through the communication administrative organ and the installation of the wire communication lines such as wastward lines, southward lines and northward lines extended from Han Seung (Seoul) as well as the submarine cables from Korea to Japan. The modernization of the communication system in our country had been achieved in the struggle of national uprising spirits of Korean people against the invasive avarices of the neighbouring nations such as Japan and China. The initiation of the modern communication system played a leading role in civilizing our country. Thus the fair spirits of our forerunners who had schemed to develop the independent communication system should be valued enormously.