• Korea Trade Review
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.337-354
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• 2021

Several previous studies have not been able to derive consistent research results on the impact of the level of corruption in local countries on foreign direct investment. Therefore, in order to suggest that this study should consider the relative level of corruption rather than the level of absolute corruption, 1) first, examine the moderating effect of the absolute level of corruption on the determinants of foreign direct investment, and 2) examine the moderating effect of the relative corruption on the determinants of foreign direct investment. This study collected 9-year data from 2012 to 2020 based on the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) published by Transparency International. A total of 549 observations (country-year) from 82 countries were sampled and a generalized estimation equation (GEE) analysis was performed. As a result of empirical analysis, it was found that the moderating effect of absolute corruption did not appear, whereas the moderating effect of relative corruption reversed the negative (-) relationship between cultural distance and foreign direct investment into a positive (+) relationship. Based on these empirical results, this study suggest that Korean companies need to consider the relative level of corruption with Korea instead of the absolute level of corruption of the investee when conducting foreign direct investment.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.185-200
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to examine the moderating effect of consumer competency associated with the influence of interaction styles with sales man on inappropriate consumer compliant behaviors. For the purpose, the survey questionnaire was administered to 1,050 consumers across country by the on-line survey. The research data are analyzed using four statistical methods: factor analysis, reliability analysis, multiple regression, and moderating regression analysis. The results are as follows: First, some demographic variables, for example, male, level of education, marital status, amount of monthly household income had significant effects on inappropriate consumer compliant behaviors such as rudeness of behavior and interference with business. Second, it is significant that two types of interaction with sales man(passive and assertive interaction) have positive effect on rudeness of behaviors, while assertive interaction only has positive effect on inference with business. Third, this research has been shown to be significant, based upon the findings on moderating effects of consumer competency in respect to consumers' level of inappropriate compliant behaviors. In particular, consumer competency has negative moderating effects between interaction styles with sales man and rudeness of behaviors. Practical implications were discussed in terms of effective customer management strategies and policy making related to consumer education.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.82-95
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between experiential value, customer loyalty and eating out tendency of dessert $caf{\acute{e}}$ in college students. This survey was conducted for college students who have used dessert $caf{\acute{e}}$ mainly in college areas where dessert cafes are concentrated in Seoul. The survey was conducted on August 17, 2017 to 28 August. A total of 250 copies of the questionnaires were distributed and 208 copies of valid data were used for the analysis. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, emotional experience value and service experience value were found to affect customer loyalty, and cognitive experience value did not affect customer loyalty. Second, the economic and health seeking type showed a positive(+) moderating effect between emotional experience value and customer loyalty, and negative(-) moderating effect between cognitive experiential value and customer loyalty. Next, atmosphere seeking type showed a moderating effect between service experience value and customer loyalty, and the eating out seeking type showed a moderating effect between emotional experience value and customer loyalty. Finally, convenience seeking type showed positive(+) moderating effect between cognitive experiential value and customer loyalty, and negative(-) moderating effect between service experience value and customer loyalty. Based on the results of this study, the dessert cafe operator can grasp the experience value of college students in order to secure college students who are using dessert cafe as loyal customers. In particular, the relationship between experience value and customer loyalty, it is expected to provide useful data for constructing a specific positioning strategy according to each segment market.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.65-73
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• 2017

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the moderating effects of peer competence between children's perception of parenting attitudes and depression among $5^{th}$ grade elementary students. The differences are examined based by gender. Methods: 'The Children's Perception of the Parenting Attitudes Inventory', 'Children's Depression Inventory', and 'Peer Competence Inventory' were used to collect data from 200 elementary school students from Seoul, Korea. The research hypothesis were analyzed using t-tests, Pearson's correlation analysis, standard linear regression analysis and hierarchical multiple regression analysis via SPSS 21.0. Results: The results are as follows: First, only peer competence showed a difference between the boys and girls, where the boys scored higher than the girls. Second, there was a significant correlation between all the factors. Third, the moderating effect of peer competence on the father's parenting attitude was supported only in the boys. Conclusion: The results denote the need of a gendered approach to understanding problems and developing counseling programs to address depression among children. They also demonstrate that high peer competence can be used to treat depression in boys dissatisfied with their father' parenting attitude.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.289-313
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• 2020

This study was conducted to analyze the factors influencing participation intention in urban agriculture. The theoretical foundations of the study were Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Pine and Gilmore's Experiencel Economy. The type of household composition was set as the moderating variable between these independent and dependent variables. In order to test the research model, hierarchical regression analysis was conducted on 439 effective respondents. The empirical analysis results are as follows. Educational experience factors, escapist experience factors, attitudes, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control, which were set as independent variables to positive (+) influence participation intention in urban agriculture. In addition, the impact of their influence relationship was as follows : perceived behavioral control > attitudes > escapist experience factor > subjective norm > educational experience factor. On the other hand, as a result of analyzing the moderating effect according to the household composition, there was a significant difference in the effect of educational experiences, escapist experiences, and subjective norm on participation intention in urban agriculture. Significant results were not tested on the moderating effects between attitudes, perceived behavioral control, and participation intention in urban agriculture. Based on the results of this empirical analysis, academic and practical implications were presented.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.751-758
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the influence of emotional labor on job burnout in dental hygienists based on the moderating effect of employee support. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire by Likert 5 point scale was completed by 219 dental hygienists in Ulsan and Gyeongbuk from March 15 to April 9, 2016. The study instruments consisted of emotional labor, job burnout og Maslach Burnout Inventory, and employee support. Data were analyzed by descriptive analysis, Pearson's correlation, multiple regression analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis using SPSS 18.0 program. Results: Surface acting had a positive influence on achievement and negative influence on impersonal chemistry. Inner acting had a positive influence on emotional burnout and achievement. Employee support had a moderating effect on emotional labor and job burnout. Conclusions: The strategy of emotional labor management for dental hygienists is very important for job burnout solution.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.19-28
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• 2011

This paper reviewed the relationship between job characteristics and incremental innovation, and the moderating effect of tenure. The results of multiple regression analysis, based on the responses from 241 employees in service industry, showed that job variety, identity, importance, autonomy and feedback have positive relationships with incremental innovation. In moderating effects, tenure interacts with variety and identity to have positive effects on incremental innovation, but tenure interacts with job importance, autonomy and feedback to have negative effects on incremental innovation.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.365-373
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• 2017

This research aims to verify the moderating effect of sports activity satisfaction in the relationship between adolescents' communication skills and positive self-concept within peer group. To achieve this purpose, this study extracted 250 samples from five boys high schools in Gyeonggi-do, and used survey of 232 students for actual analysis excluding the surveys with unfaithful answer or double entry. Questionnaire was used as a tool for collecting data and conducted frequency analysis, correlation analysis and moderator regression analysis to analyze the collected data. This study drew the following results. It was identified that sub-factors of sports activity satisfaction as social, physical, environmental and educational satisfaction have the moderating effect in the relationship between adolescents' communication skills and social self-concept with peer group. In other words, communication skills within adolescents' peer group play an important role in improving positive self-concept, but when sports activity satisfaction put as a moderating variable, adolescents' positive self-concept would be more improved.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.175-184
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to analyze the moderating effects of teacher support on the effects of acculturation stress on school adjustment of multicultural adolescents. To this end, we used the 6th Year (2016) adolescents survey data of 1,329 multicultural adolescents from the Multicultural Adolescents Panel Survey(MAPS), which was constructed by the National Youth Policy Institute(NYPI). Using SPSS 22.0, frequency analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, and moderated multiple regression analysis were used as dependent variables for school adjustment of multicultural adolescents, as independent variables for school adjustment, and as moderating variables for teacher support. As a result, first, multicultural adolescents experienced acculturation stress, and school adjustment decreased as the acculturation stress increased. Second, teacher support was found to have a statistically significant moderating effect on the effects of acculturation stress on school adjustment of multicultural adolescents. Based on the results of this research, I discussed and suggested the supportive measures, the role of teachers, and follow-up research to reduce the acculturation stress of multicultural adolescents and increase the level of school adjustment.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.153-162
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• 2022

In this study, the relationship between service quality and visit intention of unmanned cosmetics stores was investigated and whether there was a moderating effect of familiarity. To this end, a total of 190 questionnaires were collected and the main results of frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, and correlation analysis using the statistical package SPSS 26.0 are summarized as follows. First, it was found that usefulness, ease, and playfulness, which are components of service quality in unmanned cosmetics stores, had a significant effect on the intention to visit. Second, familiarity was also found to have a significant effect on visit intention, and was found to have the greatest influence on visit intention. Third, as a result of examining the moderating effect of familiarity on the relationship between service quality and visit intention of unmanned cosmetics stores, usefulness, ease, and playfulness were all statistically insignificant, indicating that there was no moderating effect of familiarity. As a result of the above, in order to increase the familiarity, which has the greatest influence on the intention to visit, marketing should be presented emphasizing the promotion or advertisement of unmanned cosmetics stores.