• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.49-58
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• 2014

Purpose : This study was to evaluate the effectiveness of exercise therapies for breast cancer patients through review analysis of the rehabilitation they had usually received to increase the quality of their lives. Exercise therapy for breast cancer patients has proven to be highly effective, so it is strongly recommended. Method : Focusing on breast cancer-related journal articles published since 1990, an analysis using the Spolit and Medline search engines was undertaken of breast krebs, tumors, cancer, sportaktivitaet, and exercise in patients with breast cancer. Exercise for breast cancer patients has been considered to have positive effects on fatigue, muscle weakness, and the range of motion of upper extremities, as well as on depression. Breast cancer patients have to be divided according to their identifying clinical characteristics, and then have to be prescribed a suitable exercise program. In accordance with previous articles, a varied exercise program was organized in terms of frequency, duration, and intensity. The frequency was more than three times per week. Its duration was about 30 minutes per session. Result : The intensity of exercise was moderate. The types of exercises included recommended strengthening exercises, as well as various aerobic exercises. Based on previous data, a new exercise method for breast cancer patients was introduced in this study. Conclusion : Above all, exercise programs should be planned according to the different characteristics of breast cancer patients, in order to reduce physical impairments and psychological problems.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.929-938
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• 2024

This study examined the effects of a 12-week combined exercise program on blood lipids, albumin, and free fatty acid (FFA) levels in obese, middle-aged women, aged 55-64, who were within five years post-menopause. The participants were divided into two groups: a moderate-intensity exercise group (MIG, n=10) and a high-intensity exercise group (HIG, n=10). Both groups performed resistance exercises using elastic bands and aerobic walking on treadmills three times a week for 60 minutes per session. Data analysis involved calculating the mean (M) and standard deviation (SD) for each measurement item. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to assess interaction effects between groups and periods. Paired t-tests were conducted to evaluate within-group differences over time, and independent t-tests were used to compare between-group differences. The statistical significance level was set at .05 for all analyses. Results showed a significant interaction effect for triglycerides (TG) among the blood lipids (p<.05). No statistically significant difference was found in albumin levels. FFA levels significantly decreased in both groups due to the interaction effect (p<.05), with a more pronounced decrease in the MIG group. These findings indicate that regular exercise is effective in improving and preventing obesity in post-menopausal, obese middle-aged women. Notably, moderate-intensity exercise had a more substantial impact on TG and FFA levels compared to high-intensity exercise. Therefore, continuous moderate-intensity exercise is recommended to improve obesity and promote a healthy lifestyle before transitioning into old age.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.8 s.88
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• pp.1166-1171
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• 2007

Exercise is the strongest stress to which the body is ever exposed. The body responds to this stress through a set of physiological changes in its metabolic, hormonal, and immunological systems. In this study, responses of the immune system to the long-term aerobic and anaerobic exercises have been investigated. Regular moderate exercise is associated with a reduced incidence of infection compared with a sedentary groups. Aerobic training increases the heart rate and enhances the body's intake of oxygen long enough to benefit the condition of the body. In recent years, the importance of exercise in everyday life has been rapidly increasing. Moderate exercise appears to stimulate the immune system. And also, Exercise elicits an increase in the numbers of circulating lymphocytes and lymphocyte subsets (including NK cells) which is followed by a decrease in the numbers of cells during recovery from exercise. However, prolonged bouts of strenuous exercise cause a temporary depression of various aspects of immune functions (e.g. lymphocyte proliferation, monocyte antigen presentation, open window periods, exercise induced asthma, exercise induced anaphylaxis) that usually lasts 2-24 hr after exercise depending on the intensity and duration of the exercise bout. Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) was defined as a decrease of at least 15% in pre exercise forced expiratory volume in one second at any time point after exercise. This includes elevation of cortisol and cathecholamines in plasma. On the other hand, highly trained athletes exhibit a chronic mild hypercortisolism at baseline that maybe an adaptive change to chronic exercise. And, Consuming carbohydrate during prolonged strenuous exercise attenuates rises in stress hormones and appears to limit the degree of exercise-induced immune depression. Recent evidence suggests that antioxidant vitamin supplementation may also reduce exercise stress and impairment of leukocyte functions.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.140-148
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of acute aerobic exercise at different intensities on the blood pressure, blood lipids and fibrinolytic markers in pre-hypertension college-aged males. Six subjects performed an acute running exercise at three different intensities(low intensity(LI): 50-60% heart rate reserve(HRR), moderate intensity(MI): 60-70%HRR, and high intensity(HI): 70-80%HRR). The blood pressure(systolic(SBP) and diastolic blood pressure(DBP), blood lipids(total cholesterol(TC) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)) and fibrinolytic markers(tissue plasminogen activator(tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1)) were determined before(PRE), immediately after(POST) and 60minutes after the exercise(60 POST). Results: the SBP in the LI group was significantly increased at POST(p=0.013). The ES levels for the SBP in the MI and HI groups were reduced (-1.33 and -1.23, respectively), though the differences were not significant. The HDL in the MI(p=0.003) and HI(p=0.002) groups were significantly increased at 60 POST. Also, the tPA in the MI(p=0.021) and HI(p=0.042) groups were significantly increased at POST.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.195-203
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• 2012

Purpose: To summarize and review the methodological quality of the evidence from trials examining the effectiveness of physical exercise in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo-HSCT). Methods: Six randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were identified, reviewed for substantive results, and assessed for methodological quality. Results: Six trials met all methodological criteria on the modified Jadad score above 3 out of 5 points. Failure to blind the outcome assessor, and failure to describe the method of blinding of outcome assessor appropriately were the most prevalent methodological shortcomings. Various exercise modalities have been applied, differing in content, frequency, intensity, and duration. Positive results have been observed in part for a diverse set of outcomes, including physical and psychological performance. Conclusion: The trials reviewed in this study were of moderate methodological quality. They suggest that exercise in patients undergoing Allo-HSCT may be safe and feasible, and in part patients benefit from increased physical performance both during and after transplantation. Future RCTs should use larger samples, appropriate comparison groups, and a standard of outcome measures, and examine what kind of exercise intervention (aerobic vs. resistance vs. combined) is the most effective for Allo-HSCT patients. It would be necessary to define contraindication for exercise to guarantee its safety.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.149-157
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• 2021

One year has passed since the pandemic of COVID-19, which occurred in Wuhan, China, in November 2019 began. Worldwide, as of January 2021, more than 95 million people have been infected, and the death toll is higher than 2 million. In Korea, there are 74,262 infected and 1,328 dead, and government policies such as social distancing to prevent infection are being implemented. Accordingly, many inconveniences occurred in the physical activity environment, such as the closure of various sports facilities. It was necessary to consider physical activities to maintain healthy life while cooperating with the national policy while preventing infection. This study investigated the benefits of physical activity to reduce the risk of trichomoniasis and diabetes, improve bone mineral density, prolong healthy lifespan, maintain activity performance with aging, and improve psychological anxiety and depression. In addition, the physiological changes that may occur in the situation of stopping exercise due to social distancing to prevent COVID-19 infection were reviewed. In addition, moderate-intensity exercise that helps strengthen immune function by activating natural killer cells, neutrophils, and antibody responses was investigated. In addition, it reduces the level and function of blood B-cells, T-cells, and natural killer cells for several hours, decreases phagocytosis of neutrophils in the nasal cavity, increases inflammatory cytokines, decreases immune function, and increases infection. High-intensity exercise was considered. Therefore, in the age of COVID-19, long-term high-intensity exercise such as marathon, which causes impaired immune function, should be refrained from. And you should do moderate-intensity regular aerobic exercise such as fast walking to help prevent infection. It is also recommended to participate in resistance exercises to prevent loss of muscle mass.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.339-344
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• 2017

This study aims to investigate how 65 years old and older men's regular exercise can affect their lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, neutrophil, basophil, IgG, IgA, and IgM using meta-analysis of the related data from 8 literatures and 35 case studies which were published from 2002to 2012. The subjects with no regular exercise experience were selected for the analysis regarding the homogeneity of the background characteristics of elderly subjects. In addition, the exercise treatment was about 60 minutes per exercise three times a week for 12 to 24 weeks. Exercise intensity was a moderate aerobic exercise that the subject could endure. Regular exercise of the elderly had a mean effect size of 0.523 after the exercise. This means that immune variables before exercise increase by about 20% after regular exercise. Since regular exercise by the elderly activates the immune system, it has a beneficial effect on health.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.243-249
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• 2016

In this paper, we evaluate the effectiveness of mechanical horseback riding exercise training for cardiopulmonary responses in 26 healthy adults (male 14, female 12) and suggest its clinical applicability. Exercise was performed using a mechanical horseback riding machine, JOBA(R) (Panasonic Electric Works, Osaka, Japan) and riding movement speed was increased from level 2 (0.73Hz), to 4 (0.9Hz), to 6 (1.03Hz), to 8 (1.2Hz), to 9 (1.3Hz) and maintained 3minutes in each level. Heart rate, blood pressure, maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) were measured by respiratory gas analysis system (TruOne 2400, Parvo Medics, USA) and exercise tolerance test system(Q Stress, Cardiac Science, USA). To measure exercise intensity, metabolic equivalent (MET) were measured and percent of Heart rate reserve (%HRR), percent of peak heart rate (%peak HR) and calorie consumption were calculated. The results were analysed by SPSS 18.0. We found that the exercise intensity of mechanical horseback riding exercise using JOBA(R) for 15 minutes is moderate in healthy adult who received pre-training.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.1394-1401
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of 12 wk of aerobic exercise on lipid profiles, antioxidant enzyme activities, oxidative products, and autonomic nervous activity (ANA) in children with obesity. We studied 16 children with obesity and 19 age-matched normal weight controls over a period of 12 wk, during which time moderate intense running exercise was performed. Measurements included peak oxygen uptake, body composition, blood lipid profiles, ox-LDL, 8-OHdG, SOD, GPx activities, total mRNA, and ANA. There were no differences in body weight between periods in the OW group, but body weight increased after 12 wk in OR and CO groups. There were no differences in WHR between periods in the OR and CO groups, but the WHR values decreased after 12 weeks in the OW group. In the obese group, the baseline TG was higher than in the controls (p<0.05), while the ANA level was lower. There were differences in antioxidant enzyme gene expressions between periods in all groups. In conclusion, oxidative damage and antioxidant enzyme activities in obese children were found to be similar to those of normal weight children. However, TG was higher and ANA was lower in obese children than in normal weight children. These results indicated that increased TG and decreased ANA levels begins in childhood in obese patients. Also, regular aerobic exercise may modify the antioxidant enzyme gene expression in early life.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.359-375
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• 2022

Purpose: Adult Korean men belonging to the main economically active population are known to have long sedentary hours. This study was undertaken to determine the difference and relevance of sedentary hours on the nutrition, diet, and health status of adult men, and to suggest how to prevent health risk factors. Methods: Subjects (n = 1,068) were classified into 4 groups based on their sedentary hours, ranging from the first quartile (Q1) having the least hours spent sitting, to the fourth quartile (Q4) spending the longest hours. Results: Subjects belonging to Q4 had the lowest average age, the largest waist circumference, and the highest level of education. Among those engaged in economic activities, the ratio of white-collar workers was significantly higher in Q4. Accordingly, the rate of not doing high-intensity or moderate-intensity physical activity while working was also the highest in Q4. A significant difference was obtained in the drinking frequency between groups, but this was found to be associated with the average working hours rather than sedentary hours. The proportion of not doing aerobic exercise was higher with longer sitting hours. The highest diagnosis of diabetes (8.8%) was obtained in the Q4 group. Among the factors related to cardiovascular disease, only low density lipoprotein-cholesterol showed a significant difference, with Q4 being significantly higher than Q1. Considering energy and nutrient intake, vitamin B₁ and calcium intake were the lowest in the group with the longest sitting hours, as well as the least consumption of vitamin C than the recommended estimated average requirement. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the health and nutritional status of Korean adult men are affected by sedentary hours. This should be recognized as a health risk factor and guidelines need to be developed for sedentary lifestyle management.