• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.427-433
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• 2008

Objectives: This study was performed to assess the association between physical activity and the clustering of metabolic abnormalities among Korean children. The effect of substituting moderate to vigorous physical activity for the time spent in inactivity was examined as well. Methods: The study subjects were comprised of 692 (354 boys, 338 girls) 4th grade elementary school students. We used a modified form of the physical activity questionnaire that was developed in the Five-City Project. The subjects with clustering of metabolic abnormalities were defined as having two or more of the following five characteristics: waist circumference ${\geq}90\;%$, systolic or diastolic blood pressure ${\geq}90\;%$, fasting glucose ${\geq}110\;mg/dl$, triglycerides ${\geq}110\;mg/dl$ and HDL cholesterol ${\geq}40\;mg/dl$. We calculated the odds ratios to assess the effect of substituting moderate to vigorous physical activity for time spent in inactivity. Results: The risk of clustered metabolic abnormalities was inversely correlated with the increased time spent on moderate to vigorous physical activity, but the correlation was not significant. The odds ratio for clustering of metabolic abnormalities that represented the effect of substituting moderate to vigorous physical activity for 30minutes of sedentary activity was 0.87(95% Cl=0.76-1.01). Conclusions: These findings suggest that substituting moderate to vigorous physical activity for sedentary activity could decrease the risk of clustered metabolic abnormalities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.31-40
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• 2022

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of postural control training using a visual blind board, on head control, trunk control, and the sitting abilities of children with moderate-to-severe cerebral palsy. METHODS: Ten children with moderate to severe cerebral palsy participated in this study. Postural control training with a visual blind board was given for 40 minutes per session, 3 times a week for 4 weeks (12 sessions). Before and after the intervention, head control, trunk control, and sitting abilities were quantified using the head control scale, Korean version-trunk control measurement scale, and the sitting part of the Korean version-gross motor function measure-88, respectively. RESULTS: Postural control with the visual blind board significantly improved the head control ability of children with moderate to severe cerebral palsy (p = .015). Their trunk control abilities also showed significant improvement after the intervention (p = .016). However, their sitting ability did not show a significant change. CONCLUSION: These results showed that postural control training using a visual blind board is effective in improving the head and trunk control abilities of children with cerebral palsy. Further studies with suitable sample sizes and control groups are needed to reach a conclusion about the use of postural control training with visual blind boards for improvement of postural control of children with moderate to severe cerebral palsy.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.63 no.6
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• pp.215-216
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• 2020

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.71-80
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• 2012

Because a smart isolation system cannot be used as a base isolation system for tall buildings, top-story or mid-story isolation systems are required. In this study, adaptability of a smart top-story isolation system for reduction of seismic responses of tall buildings in regions of low-to-moderate seismicity has been investigated. To this end, 20-story example building structure was selected and an MR damper and low damping elastomeric bearings were used to compose a smart base isolation system. Artificial earthquakes generated based on design spectrum of low-to-moderate seismicity regions are used for structural analyses. Based on numerical simulation results, it has been shown that a smart top-story isolation system can effectively reduce both structural responses and isolation story drifts of the building structure in low-to-moderate seismicity regions in comparison with a passive top-story isolation system.

• Investigative and Clinical Urology
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.399-409
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• 2018

Purpose: To analyze data from an observational, prospective, cumulative registry study in 805 hypogonadal men stratified by mild or moderate-to-severe lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) according to International Prostate Symptom Score. Materials and Methods: A total of 412 men underwent testosterone therapy (TTh) with injectable testosterone undecanoate, 393 men served as untreated controls. Measures of urinary function, anthropometric and metabolic parameters were performed at least twice per year. Results: Data from 615 men with mild LUTS (253 treated, 362 untreated) and 190 with moderate-to-severe LUTS (159 treated, 31 untreated) were available. During a follow-up period of 8 years a significant improvement of LUTS was noted for all TTh-patients whereas the control-groups showed deterioration or fluctuation around initial values. Despite advancing age, TTh fully prevented worsening of symptoms. In parallel, a considerable improvement of anthropometric parameters, lipids and glycemic control, blood pressure, C-reactive protein, and quality of life was found. Moderate-to-severe LUTS was associated with worse cardiometabolic risk profile at baseline as well as worse cardiovascular outcomes during follow-up in comparison to mild LUTS. Effect size of TTh was more pronounced in men with moderate-to-severe than with mild LUTS. Conclusions: Correcting hypogonadism by TTh is highly effective and safe for improving LUTS in hypogonadal men. TTh may also improve cardiometabolic risk and major adverse cardiovascular events.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.118-128
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• 2023

Background: Personal socio-economic abilities are crucial as it affects health inequalities. These multidimensional inequalities across the regions have been structured and fixed. This study aimed to analyze health vulnerabilities by regional cluster and identify regional health disparities of self-rated health, using nationally representative cross-sectional data. Methods: This study used personal and regional data. Data from the Community Health Survey 2021 were analyzed. K-means cluster analysis was applied to 250 si-gun-gu using administrative regional data. The clusters were based on three areas: physical environment, health-related behaviors and biological factors, and the psychosocial environment through the conceptual framework for action on the social determinants of health. And binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the differences in self-rated health status by the regional clusters, controlling human biology, environment, lifestyle, and healthcare organization factors. Results: The most vulnerable group was group 3, the moderate vulnerable group was group 1, and the least vulnerable group was group 2. The group 2 was more likely to have high self-rated health status than the moderate vulnerable group (odds ratio [OR], 1.023; p<0.001). And the group 3 showed low self-rated health status than the moderate vulnerable group (OR, 0.775; p<0.001). However, the moderate vulnerable group had significantly higher self-rated health status than the most vulnerable group (group 2: OR, 1.023; p<0.001; group 3: OR, 0.775; p<0.001). Conclusion: These results demonstrate that community members' health status is influenced by regional determinants of health and individual levels. And these contribute to understanding the importance of specific and differentiated interventions like locally tailored support programs considering both individual and regional health determinants.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 2023

Background: Fearful and anxious patients who find dental treatment intolerable without sedative and analgesic support may benefit from moderate sedation. Target controlled infusion (TCI) pumps are superior to bolus injection in maintaining low plasma and effect-site concentration variability, resulting in stable, steady-state drug concentrations. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of moderate sedation with remifentanil and propofol using TCI pumps in non-hospital dental settings. Methods: A prospective chart review was conducted on 101 patients sedated with propofol and remifentanil using TCI pumps. The charts were completed at two oral surgeons and one general dentist's office over 6 months. Hypoxia, hypotension, bradycardia, and over-sedation were considered adverse events and were collected using Tracking and Reporting Outcomes of Procedural Sedation (TROOPS). Furthermore, patient recovery time, sedation length, drug dose, and patient satisfaction questionnaires were used to measure sedation effectiveness. Results: Of the 101 reviewed sedation charts, 54 were of men, and 47 were of women. The mean age of the patients was 40.5 ±18.7 years, and their mean BMI was 25.6 ± 4.4. The patients did not experience hypoxia, bradycardia, and hypotension during the 4694 min of sedation. The average minimum Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) and heartbeats were 75.1 mmHg and 60.4 bpm, respectively. 98% of patients agreed that the sedation technique met their needs in reducing their anxiety, and 99% agreed that they were satisfied with the sedation 24 hours later. The average sedation time was 46.9 ± 55.6 min, and the average recovery time was 12.4 ± 4.4 min. Remifentanil and propofol had mean initial effect-site concentration doses of 0.96 µ/.ml and 1.0 ng/ml respectively. The overall total amount of drug administered was significantly higher in longer sedation procedures compared to shorter ones, while the infusion rate decreased as the procedural stimulus decreased. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, no patients experienced adverse events during sedation, and all patients were kept at a moderate sedation level for a wide range of sedation times and differing procedures. The results showed that TCI pumps are safe and effective for administering propofol and remifentanil for moderate sedation in dentistry.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.35-41
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• 2010

Supersonic microjets acquire considerable research interest from a fundamental fluid dynamics perspective, in part because the combination of highly compressible flow at low-to-moderate Reynolds number is not very common, and in part due to the complex nature of the flow itself. In addition, microjets have a great variety engineering applications such as micro-propulsion, MEMS(Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems) components, microjet actuators and fine particle deposition and removal. Numerical simulations have been carried out at moderate nozzle pressure ratios and for different nozzle exit diameters to investigate and to understand in-depth of aerodynamic characteristics of supersonic microjets.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.161-165
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• 2015

Long QT syndrome (LQTs) is a rare congenital disorder of the heart's electrical activity. Patients with LQTs are at increased risk of developing fatal ventricular arrhythmias. Elevated levels of sympathetic stimulation can exacerbate this risk. Successful behavior management is indispensable in the treatment of patients with LQTs. However, many drugs involved in pharmacologic behavior management are known to adversely affect the QT interval. Therefore, careful selection of a sedative drug is essential in avoiding such incidences. A 10-year-old boy with a known diagnosis of LQTs required restorative treatment due to dental caries at the permanent molar. He required sedation since treatment was painful and dental phobia can trigger sympathetic stimulation, creating a dangerous situation for patients with LQTs. Therefore, the treatment was performed over two sessions under moderate sedation involving propofol combined with nitrous oxide. Restorative treatment was successful without any complications under sedation with a target-controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol. There was no significant QT prolongation during pulpal treatment. Propofol TCI may be a good candidate for sedation in patients with LQTs.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.60 no.6
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• pp.631-637
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• 2006

Background: Patients with COPD generally complain of very different degrees of dyspnea regardless of their pulmonary function. The study, we assessed the right ventricular ejection fraction in relation to dyspnea in COPD patient. Methods: The pulmonary function including the diffusion capacity was measured. The right ventricle ejection fraction (RVEF) was measured using a first-pass radionuclide scan by multigated acquisition (MUGA). Forty patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were stratified for dyspnea according to the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale. Moderate dyspnea and severe dyspnea is defined as MRC 2/3 (n = 16) and MRC 4/5 (n = 24) respectively. Results: The baseline pulmonary function tests including DLCO and the resting arterial blood gas were similar in the moderate and severe dyspnea group, with the exception of the residual volume (% predicted) (moderate $160{\pm}27$, severe $210{\pm}87$, p < 0.03). The right ventricle ejection fraction was significantly (p < 0.001) lower in the severe dyspnea group ($25{\pm}8$) than in the moderate group ($35{\pm}6$). The independent factor assessed by multiple logistic regression revealed only the severity of dyspnea to be significantly associated with RVEF (p < 0.02). Conclusion: This study showed that the right ventricle ejection fraction would contributes to severity of dyspnea in patients with a similar pulmonary function.