• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.108-118
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• 1999

This study was designed to examined psychosocial status and nutritional factors(nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes, eating behavior, dietary intakes) among female university students and to investigate if there were differences in these variables by weight loss attempt. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to 225 female university students in Seoul. Survey instrument was adapted or modified based on literature review, and dietary intakes were assessed using 24-hour recall and CAN-pro. Descriptive statistics, t-test x$^2$-test were used in data analysis. Mean height, weight of subjects were 162.7cm, 51.3kg, and mean BMI was 19.4. One hundred-nine students(48.4%) were grouped into weight loss attempt roup and 116 students were grouped int non-attempt group. According to BMI, 58.7% of weight loss attempt group were underweight, suggesting that unnecessary weight control is common in college women. With respect to psychosocial status, subjects received moderate degree of stress and were slightly satisfied with life. There was no significant difference in stress, social support or self-esteem between the two groups, however, students in non-attempt group were more satisfied with their life(p<0.01) and adapted better in school that students in weight loss attempt group. Subjects scored 14.9${\pm}$2.1 (highest score : 20) on nutritional knowledge, and showed favorable dietary attitudes. Overall, nutritional knowledge and dietary attitudes were not significantly different between the two groups. Common eating problems were irregular meals(71.6%), followed by unbalanced meals and eating-out. Subjects in weight loss attempt group were more likely to change eating habit after entering the university and showed more undesirable eating habit. Dietary intake data indicated hat the energy derived from fat was slightly higher than the recommended level. Most of the nutrient intake was lower than the RDA, particularly, iron and calcium intake was below the 50% of the RDA. Although this study did not reveal significant difference in nutritional knowledge or dietary intake by weight loss attempt, this study showed status of weight control, eating habit and dietary intake in female university students, and provide some information for nutrition education of college women.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.385-396
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• 2014

Objectives: By conducting a meta-analysis of cohort studies reporting standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for workers exposed to trichloroethylene, we attempted to adjust for healthy hired effect by applying the same methods as described in a recent report from the Agricultural Health Study. Methods: Among all cohort studies that evaluated the association between all cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), kidney cancer, liver cancer and occupational exposure to trichloroethylene, a total of 10 studies reporting SMR values were selected. A random-effects model was used to estimate the summary SMRs or rSMRs and 95% confidence intervals. Relative SMR ($rSMR=SMR_x/SMR_{not\;x}$) was calculated comparing observed and expected counts for all cancer, NHL, kidney cancer, and liver cancer with an independent referent set of values consisting of the observed and expected counts for other causes. Results: The SMR values for all causes ranged from 0.68 to 1.03, suggesting moderate to weak healthy worker effect for the selected studies. When the healthy worker hire effect was taken into account, the summarized risk became statistically significant; the summary SMR of all cancer was 0.95 (0.91-1.00) and the summary rSMR of all cancer was 1.10 (1.04-1.15). The summary SMR of NHL was 1.04 (0.93-1.14) and the summary rSMR of NHL was 1.23 (1.04-1.46). The summary SMR of kidney cancer was 1.08 (0.88-1.33) and the summary rSMR of kidney cancer was 1.23 (1.02-1.49). The summary SMR of liver cancer was 0.88 (0.78-0.99), and the summary rSMR of liver cancer was 0.95 (0.84-1.07). Conclusion: The rSMR method is useful to determine summary risk adjusted for healthy worker effect through meta-analysis.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.288-299
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• 2003

Statement of problem: Many kinds of post and core systems are in the market, but there are no clear selection criteria for them. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the flexural strength and modulus of elasticity of core materials, and measure the bending strength of post systems made of a variety of materials. Material and Methods: The flexural strength and elastic modulus of thirteen kinds core buildup materials were measured on beams of specimens of $2.0{\times}2.0{\times}24{\pm}0.1mm$. Ten specimens per group were fabricated and loaded on an lnstron testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.25mm/min. A test span of 20 mm was used. The failure loads were recorded and flexural strength calculated with the measured dimensions. The elastic modulus was calculated from the slopes of the linear portions of the stress-stram graphs. Also nine kinds commercially available prefabricated posts made of various materials with similar nominal diameters, approximately 1.25mm, were loaded in a three-point bend test until plastic deformation or failure occurred. Ten posts per group were tested and the obtained data were anaylzed with analysis of variance and compared with the Tukey multiple comparison tests. Results: Clearfil Photo Core and Luxacore had flexural strengths approaching amalgam, but its modulus of elasticity was only about 15% of that of amalgam. The strengths of the glass ionomer and resin modified glass ionomer were very low. The heat pressed glass ceramic core had a high elastic modulus but a relatively low flexural strength approximating that of the lower strength composite resin core materials. The stainless steel, zirconia and carbon fiber post exhibited high bending strengths. The glass fiber posts displayed strengths that were approximately half of the higher strength posts. Conclusion: When moderate amounts of coronal tooth structure are to be replaced by a post and core on an anterior tooth, a prefabricated post and high strength, high elastic modulus core may be suitable. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS In this study several newly introduced post and core systems demonstrated satisfactory physical properties. However when the higher stress situation exists with only a minimal ferrule extension remaining a cast post and core or zirconia post and pressed core are desirable.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.203-211
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• 2010

Purpose: We aimed to test the validity of the EQ-5D (Euro-Quality of Life-5 Dimension), a brief and simple instrument, in measuring health related quality of life in the patients with osteoarthritis. Methods: 183 participants attending the education programs for osteoarthritis patients at the Health Centers located in Seoul and Gyunggi province area during the periods of June to December in 2009 were interviewed with the EQ-5D and KWOMAC (Korean version of Western Ontario and McMaster Scale). The data were analysed with Spearman correlation coefficents and t-test by using of SPSS/WIN 12.0 version. Results: There was a negative correlation between knee pain, stiffness and difficulty in usual activity of sub category items of KWOMAC and EQ-5Dindex, while there was no correlation between these categories and EQ-VAS. Moreover, as a result of comparing the score of physical function measured by KWOMAC according to the severity degree of the EQ-5Dindex, the group of advanced stage having moderate and severe symptoms reported significantly higher scores of physical function than those of groups having no health problems. Conclusion: The EQ-5D is an acceptable and valid instrument for measuring health-related quality of life in patients with osteoarthritis.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.752-762
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• 2009

본 연구는 대구지역 벤처기업의 입지 및 비즈니스서비스 네트워크 특성을 실증적으로 분석하였다. 대구지역 벤처기업들은 소프트웨어분야에서 연구개발투자와 특허 신기술 분야의 사업 유형이 주를 이루고 있으며, 기업체 근무 경력이 있는 고학력자들에 의해 1990년대 중반 이후 창업된 소규모 기업들이 다양한 성장 전략을 모색하고 있다. 대구지역 벤처기업들은 달서구와 북구의 일부 지역에 집중 분포하는 경향을 보이고 있으며, 업종별로 약간의 차이는 있으나 대체로 연구 대학과의 접근, 정보 획득 용이, 저렴한 용지 이용 등이 주요 입지요인으로 작용하였다. 그리고 이들 기업들은 고객 기업과의 네트워크를 고려하여 이전 여부를 결정한다. 벤처기업과 비즈니스서비스와의 네트워크 특성을 보면, 대구지역 벤처기업들이 이용하는 비즈니스서비스 업체 수는 적은 편이지만, 그 중 정보처리 및 기타 컴퓨터 운영관련업과 전문과학 및 기술서비스업 부문의 서비스 업체 수는 많은 편이다. 비즈니스서비스산업 중 정보처리 및 기타 컴퓨터 운영 관련업, 연구 및 개발업, 사업지원서비스에 대한 이용 빈도가 높고, 전문과학 및 기술서비스업에 대한 이용 빈도는 낮다. 대구지역 벤처기업들이 이용하는 비즈니스서비스업체는 대구지역에 주로 분포하며, 기술 및 지식이 부족하기 때문에 비즈니스서비스를 이용한다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.553-563
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• 2006

본 연구의 목적은 MODIS 다중시기영상과 선형분광혼합화소분석(Linear Spectral Mixture Analysis : LSMA)을 이용하여 한반도의 토지피복도를 작성하는 것이다. 다양한 공간해상도와 광역적인 촬영스케일의 MODIS 영상에 LSMA를 이용하여 토지피복분류기 정확도의 향상과 한반도 생물계절적인 특성을 분석하고자 하였다. LSMA는 하나의 화소를 단일의 지표물로 가정하여 영상을 처리하는 기존의 기법과 달리 대상지의 토지피복 특성을 가장 잘 반영하는 순수한 물체의 화소값(Endmember)을 선택하여 자연환경요소들의 하나하나를 분리하는 기법이다. 본 연구에서 MODIS 다중시기 영상에 LSMA를 적용한 결과 남, 북한의 농경지 및 산림지역에 대한 서로 다른 생물계절적인 특성을 파악 할 수 있었으며, 이러한 결과 영상을 ISODATA 무감독분류기법을 통해서 대분류와 중분류하였다. 대분류에서는 79.94%의 전체 정확도를 보였으며, 농업지역은 85.45%, 산림지역은 88.12%로 다른 분류군들에 비해서 가장 높은 정확도를 보였다. 중분류에서는 산림지역과, 농업지역을 더욱 세분화하여 분류하였다. 전체정확도는 82.09%였으며, 활엽수림 86.96%, 논 85.38%로 분류군중 가장 높은 정확도를 나타냈다.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2019

스타트업의 생존 및 성장에 있어서 자금조달은 매우 중요한 역할을 한다. 이 연구에서는 스타트업의 자금조달 성과를 향상시키는 주요 요인을 탐구한다. 이를 위해 스타트업의 지식재산 보유수준과 자금조달 성과의 관계를 분석한다. 또한 스타트업의 자금조달에 있어서 창업자 지식수준이 미치는 영향을 확인하며, 스타트업의 지식재산 비중과 자금조달의 관계에 대한 창업자 지식수준의 조절적 영향을 분석한다. 국내 창업자 및 예비창업자 331명의 설문조사 응답 데이터를 기반으로 분석한 결과, 스타트업의 지식재산 비중과 자금조달 성과 사이에는 역 U자형의 비선형 관계가 존재한다는 점을 발견했다. 창업자의 학력은 자금조달 성과에 정(+)의 영향을 미치지만, 창업자 학력은 스타트업의 지식재산 비중과 자금조달 성과의 관계를 음(-)의 방향으로 조절하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구는 스타트업의 자금조달 성과를 극대화하기 위해서는 적절한 수준의 지식재산 비중을 유지하는 게 필요함을 시사한다. 또한 창업자가 고학력자일수록 자금조달에 유리하지만, 창업자의 학력은 스타트업의 자금조달에 대한 지식재산의 효과를 감소시키기 때문에 창업자의 지식수준에 따라 지식재산 비중을 차별적으로 조절하는 전략이 필요함을 시사한다. 이 연구는 신호이론에 기반하여 스타트업의 자금조달 성과를 높이기 위한 새로운 지식재산 전략을 제시한다는 점에서 의의를 지닌다.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.115-125
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• 2019

본 연구는 창업자들의 기업가정신과 창업환경인식이 경영성과에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 특히 정부의 창업지원사업 참여정도를 조절변수로 하여 각 독립변수들이 종속변수에 미치는 영향의 차이를 분석하였다. 이를 위해 문헌연구를 통해 기업가정신에 해당하는 변수들을 도출하고 창업환경인식에 해당하는 변수를 도출하였다. 기업가정신에 해당하는 변수로는 혁신성과 위험감수성을 선정하였고, 창업환경인식에 해당하는 변수로는 시장환경과 제품환경을 선정하였다. 위 변수와 조절효과로 정부의 창업지원사업 참여정도를 포함하여 연구모형을 완성하였다. 실증분석을 위한 데이터는 2018년에 대구지역의 7년 미만 창업기업을 대상으로 자료를 수집하였다. 총 데이터는 601부의 설문을 취합하였고 이중 불성실한 답변을 제거한 후 399부의 데이터가 본 연구에 사용되었다. 분석결과 혁신성은 경영성과에 부정적인 영향이 나타났고 위험감수성, 시장환경, 제품환경은 경영성과에 긍정적인 효과가 나타났다. 조절효과 측면에서는 혁신성의 경우 정부창업지원사업 참여가 높을수록 부정적인 효과가 완화 되었고, 위험감수성과 제품환경은 정부창업지원사업을 많이 하는 기업에서 시장환경은 정부지원사업을 작게 참여하는 집단에서 강한 영향을 보여 주었다. 본 연구는 창업기업들의 경영성과에 영향을 미치는 기업가정신과 창업환경인식의 중요성과 필요성을 확인하였고 정부의 창업지원사업이 창업성과에 미치는 실질적인 효과를 다루었다는 측면에서 의미가 있다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.546-554
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• 2021

Background: Diabetes mellitus and hypertension often occur together, amplifying cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and emphasizing the need for a multitargeted treatment approach. American ginseng (AG) and Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) species could improve glycemic control via complementary mechanisms. Additionally, a KRG-inherent component, ginsenoside Rg3, may moderate blood pressure (BP). Our objective was to investigate the therapeutic potential of coadministration of Rg3-enriched Korean Red Ginseng (Rg3-KRG) and AG, added to standard of care therapy, in the management of hypertension and cardiometabolic risk factors in type-2 diabetes. Methods: Within a randomized controlled, parallel design of 80 participants with type-2 diabetes (HbA1c: 6.5-8%) and hypertension (systolic BP: 140-160 mmHg or treated), supplementation with either 2.25 g/day of combined Rg3-KRG + AG or wheat-bran control was assessed over a 12-wk intervention period. The primary endpoint was ambulatory 24-h systolic BP. Additional endpoints included further hemodynamic assessment, glycemic control, plasma lipids and safety monitoring. Results: Combined ginseng intervention generated a mean ± SE decrease in primary endpoint of 24-h systolic BP (-3.98 ± 2.0 mmHg, p = 0.04). Additionally, there was a greater reduction in HbA1c (-0.35 ± 0.1% [-3.8 ± 1.1 mmol/mol], p = 0.02), and change in blood lipids: total cholesterol (-0.50 ± 0.2 mmol/l, p = 0.01), non-HDL-C (-0.54 ± 0.2 mmol/l, p = 0.01), triglycerides (-0.40 ± 0.2 mmol/l, p = 0.02) and LDL-C (-0.35 ± 0.2 mmol/l, p = 0.06) at 12 wks, relative to control. No adverse safety outcomes were observed. Conclusion: Coadministration of Rg3-KRG + AG is an effective addon for improving BP along with attaining favorable cardiometabolic outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Ginseng derivatives may offer clinical utility when included in the polypharmacy and lifestyle treatment of diabetes. Clinical trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier, NCT01578837;

• Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.434-448
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• 2018

Objective: The Korean Medication Algorithm Project for Bipolar Disorder (KMAP-BP) was first published in 2002 through an expert consensus of opinion, and updated in 2006, 2010, and 2014. This study constitutes the fourth revision of the KMAP-BP. Methods: A 50-item questionnaire was used to obtain the consensus of experts regarding pharmacological treatment strategies for various phases of adult bipolar disorder and six items for pediatric bipolar disorder. The review committee included 84 Korean psychiatrists and 43 child and adolescent psychiatry experts. Results: The preferred first-step strategies for acute mania were the combination of a mood stabilizer (MS) and an atypical antipsychotic (AAP), MS monotherapy, and AAP monotherapy. A combination of a MS and an AAP, and AAP monotherapy were preferred for psychotic mania. The first-step strategies for mild to moderate bipolar depression were monotherapy with MS, AAP, or lamotrigine (LMT), and the combination of a MS and an AAP or LMT, or a combination of an AAP and LMT. The combination of two among a MS, AAP, and LMT were preferred for non-psychotic severe depression. A combination of a MS and an AAP or the combination of an AAP with an antidepressant or LMT were the first-line options for psychotic severe depression. Conclusion: The recommendations of the KMAP-BP 2018 have changed from the previous version by reflecting recent developments in pharmacotherapy for bipolar disorder. KMAP-BP 2018 provides clinicians with a wealth of information regarding appropriate strategies for treating patients with bipolar disorder.