• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제42권8호
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• pp.750-758
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• 2009

건강한 성인 남자 48명을 대상으로 각각 당근즙 섭취군과 ${\beta}$-carotene 섭취군, placebo 약 섭취군으로 나누어 8주동안 실시하였으며, 당근즙은 매일 300 mL을 주었고 정제된 항산화 비타민은 당근즙에 함유된 ${\beta}$-carotene과 같은 양을 주어 항산화 영양 상태에 대한 개선 효과를 비교하고자 하였다. 그 결과, 혈장 비타민 C, 비타민 E 및 ${\beta}$-carotene 함량은 당근즙 및 항산화 비타민 섭취 전보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났고, 그 증가 정도가 비슷하게 나타나 식품으로부터 항산화 영양소를 충분히 섭취하는 것이 흡연자의 산화적 손상과 관련된 질병을 예방하는 좋은 방법이 될 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.271-284
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• 2016

본 연구는 임부의 산전우울에 대한 인지행동치료 중재의 효과를 검증하기 위해 수행된 체계적 문헌고찰 및 메타분석 연구이다. 데이터베이스는 CINAHL, PubMed, EMBASE 및 Koreamed, 국회도서관, 한국학술정보(Korean studies Information Service System, KISS), 한국의학논문데이터베이스 등 국내외 domain을 활용하였다. 검색은 ((Perinatal OR Antenatal OR Antepartum OR Pregnant) AND Depression) AND Women AND (CBT OR (Cognitive behavioral AND (Therapy OR Treatment)))와 '산전우울', '임부', '인지행동치료' 등의 검색어로 2016년 5월까지 출판된 문헌을 검토하였다. 분석은 R을 이용한 임의효과모형을 적용하여 산전우울과 불안의 효과크기를 각각 산출하였으며, 효과크기의 이질성을 검증하기위해 메타 ANOVA를 활용하여 조절효과분석을 실시하였다. 그리고 funnel plot, Egger's regression test, fail-safe N, trim-and-fill 분석을 활용한 출간오류분석과 민감성 분석을 실시하여 전체 연구 결과의 타당성을 검증하였다. 연구결과 총 180편의 문헌이 검색되었으며, 선택배제기준에 따라 최종적으로는 clinical trials 16편을 분석하였다. 분석에 포함된 개별문헌은 Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline Network (SIGN)의 checklist를 통해 비뚤림 위험을 평가하였으며, 대체로 비뚤림 위험은 낮았다. 연구결과 본 연구에서 중재의 산전우울에 대한 효과크기는 Hedges' g=-0.55(95% CI: -0.76~-0.33)로 통계적으로 유의하게 낮았으며, 불안에 대한 효과크기는 Hedges' g=-0.20(95% CI: -0.48~-0.08)이었으나, 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 문헌의 이질성, 출판오류의 위험성 등은 낮았다. 본 메타분석결과에 의하면 인지행동치료는 임신부의 산전우울 증세 완화에 보통 정도의 효과가 있음이 밝혀졌다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2012

인체피부에서 화장품이나 화장품 원료의 안전성시험은 대체로 육안평가로 이루어져왔다. 하지만, 피부반응 초기의 미세한 변화에 대해서 육안으로는 감지하지 못하는 경우가 많다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 수종의 화장품 원료에 의해 유발되는 홍반반응에 대해 육안평가뿐 아니라, 레이저도플러혈류이미지(LDPI) 측정장비를 이용한 혈류변화 측정, $Vapometer^{(R)}$를 이용한 경피수분손실량(TEWL) 측정, 분광광도계를 이용한 피부색 측정과 같은 기기평가를 병행하여 비교하였다. 30명의 건강한 여성 피험자를 대상으로 오일류 7종, 계면활성제류 6종, 보습제류 5종을 피험자의 등 부위에24 h 폐쇄첩포(D0)하여 피부반응을 유도하였고 첩포 제거 후 30 min (D1), 24 h (D2)에 육안평가와 기기평가를 각각 실시하였다. 육안평가 결과, 프로필렌글라이콜을 제외한 모든 오일류와 보습제류는 저자극 수준의 피부반응(반응도 0+ - 2.9+)을 보인 반면, 프로필렌글라이콜과 모든 계면활성제류는 중자극에서 강자극 수준의 피부반응(반응도 3+ - 5+)을 보였다. 기기측정 결과, 육안평가에서 저자극 범주의 피부반응에 대해서 혈류량이나 피부색보다 경피수분손실량이 가장 민감하게 피부변화를 감지하였다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.85-100
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• 1981

Serial lateral cephalometric radiographs of 40 Korean children(25 males, 15 females) ranging in age from 6 to 13 years were studied by means of computer morphometrics and statistical analysis. As a result of this study, the following conclusions can be made: 1. In both sexes, the mean growth patterns of the face were very stable and the growth directions of the face were more prominent both forward and down-ward away from the cranial base(S-N). 2. In the mandible, the rotation and the 'wave-like' manner of migration were observed. 3. The size of the lateral faces in males was larger than females at 6 and 13 years of age, and the forms of the lateral faces in males were slightly more squares than females at 13 years of age. 4. The sex differences and practical means in the growth increments and growth rates during 7 years of the growth period were as follows: (1) In the total face, there was a significant sex difference in the growth increments(males $26.21cm^2$, females $23.24cm^2$) and growth rates(males $42.02\%$, females $39.28\%$). (2) In the facial surface 1, there was a significant sex difference in the growth increments(males $21.30cm^2$, females $19.19cm^2$) but there was no significant sex difference in the growth rates(males $41.35\%$, females $39.10\%$). (3) In the anterior total facial height(N-Ne), there was no significant sex difference in the growth increments(males 18.23mm, females 17.45mm) and the growth rates(males $18.44\%$, females $18.19\%$). (4) In the posterior total facial height(S-Go), there was a significant sex difference in the growth increments(males 14.61mm, females 12.98mm) but there was no significant sex difference in the growth rates(males $23.78\%$, females $22.25\%$). 5. The percentages of anterior upper facial height to anterior total facial height in both sexes were very stable in spite of the age increase. 6. The percentage of total facial height to standing height was reduced by the age increase, and the reduced rate of anterior total facial height(males $13.26\%$, females $13.75\%$) was larger than the posterior total facial height(males $9.95\%$, females $11.70\%$). 7. The correlations of lateral facial surfaces to the standing height and the weight were higher in males than females, but the level of correlation in males was in the moderate range.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.85-106
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• 1986

The purpose of this investigation was to know the means of the T.M.J. space and to compare spational differences in centric relation and centric occlusion by the T.M.J. Tomogram and to study the correlation between the articular eminence slope and the lingual surface slope of the maxillary central incisor by the Cephalogram in near normal occlusion subjects. These results could give contribution for the diagnosis of orthodontic treatment and T.M.J. dysfunction and the assessment of orthopedic treatment and orthognathic surgery. 44 young adults (28 men and 16 women, 21 to 27 years of age) were selected from the Dental students in Yonsei Univ. Criteria for selection was normal occlusion, no clinical signs and T.M.J. dysfunction, no history of orthodontic treatment, and no missing tooth. After submental vertex view analysis. each subject was given the T.M.J. Tomogram in centric relation and centric occlusion and the Cephalogram was given with Quint Sectograph. All data was recorded and statistically processed with the CYBER computer system. Results were analyzed: the following findings and conclusions were derived. 1. The mean value for the combined right and left anterior joint space was 2.549mm, the posterior space was 2.260mm, and superior space was 3.31mm in centric relation. The anterior space was 2.316mm, posterior space was 2.474mm, and superior space was 3.435mm in centric occlusion. 2. In the centric relation position, both condyles were placed more posterioly and superioly in their fossae than in the centric occlusion position by the spatial difference. 3. In the centric occlusion position, both condyles were more symmetrically placed in their fossae with equal anterior-posterioly rather than in the centric relation position. 4. The mean articular eminence angle was $48.19^{\circ}$ and the mean fossa height was 7.911mm. A strong positive correlation between the articular eminence angle and fossa height in T.M.J. Tomogram was found. 5. In Cephalometric analysis, there was a strong positive correlation between the articular eminence slope and the lingual surface slope of the upper central incisor to the FH plane, occlusal plane, and S-N plane. 6. There was moderate positive correlation between the S-E measurements and the fossa height, articular eminence angle, and DcGn < F-H.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.491-501
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• 1999

본 연구는 석고모형 분석 중 치아크기 측정시 발생할 수 있는 오차를 줄이고 측정의 재현도와 정확성을 향상시키는데 도움이 될 수 있는 방안을 모색하고자 시행되었다. 치아밀집 치열 특징을 지닌 상하악 20조의 석고모형을 대상으로 하여, 5명의 조사자가 각 치아의 근원심 폭경을 디지털 버니어 캘리퍼스를 사용하여 2주 간격으로 3회 측정하여 실험측정치를 얻은 다음, 측정에 이용된 석고모형을 근원심 접촉점 부위에서 개개 치아로 분리한 후, 마이크로미터를 이용하여 측정한 표준치와 비교$\cdot$분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 3회 측정에 따른 재현도는 조사자별 치아별로 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 2. 표준치와 비교한 계측오차는 조사자별 또는 치아별로 차이를 보였다. 3. 표준치와의 오차는 전치에서 구치로 갈수록 증가하여 제1대구치에서 가장 큰 차이를 나타내었다. 4. 표준치와 비교시 전반적으로 작게 측정하는 경향을 보였으며 이에 대한 치아별, 조사자별 차이가 두드러졌다. 5. 전반적인 오차 발생 정도는 치아밀집 정도와 유의한 상관성을 보이지 않았다. 이상의 결과는 교정증례 분석시 치아크기 계측오차 발생 가능성의 고려가 필요함을 시사하였다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.213-219
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• 2010

본 연구의 목적은 측두하악장애 환자 그룹에서 뒤통수이마근의 촉진 통증의 빈도를 조사하고, 환자의 두통 증상과 일치하는 뒤통수이마근의 촉진 통증을 보이는 환자를 확인하는 것이었다. 218명의 환자($32.0{\pm}13.1$세)를 대상으로 두통을 포함한 증상에 대한 문진을 하였으며, 턱관절, 씹기근육 및 뒤통수이마근을 포함한 머리둘레근육을 촉진으로 검사하였다. 촉진에 대한 통증은 환자의 반응에 따라 0에서 3까지 점수를 부여하였고 머리둘레근육의 각 부위에 대해 촉진 통증 점수의 빈도를 산출하였다. 218명의 측두하악장애 환자 중 12명(5.5%)에서 뒤통수힘살 또는 이마힘살 부위에서 촉진 통증(점수 1, 2)을 보였고, 그 중 7명의 환자(3.2%)에서는 중등도의 촉진 통증(점수 2)을 보였다. 두통의 주 증상 부위와 뒤통수이마근의 촉진 통증 결과가 일치하는 환자는 218명의 측두하악장애 환자 중 1명이었다. 결론적으로 측두하악장애 환자의 두통 증상을 평가하는데 다른 요인들이 관련되지 않는다면 뒤통수이마근에 대한 촉진 검사를 고려해 볼 수 있다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.21-34
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• 2007

Objectives: This study aims to examined whether physical activity prevent the negative effect of psychological stress on cardiovascular reactivity by reducing stress induced sympathetic output and preventing norepinephrine depletion negative psych-affective responses. It is assumed that physical activity reduces the magnitude of cardiovascular responses and psychological responses to stress which threaten individuals' physical and mental health. The result of investigating the effect of physical activity on reducing negative physiological and psychological responses would suggest useful information health for practitioners who want to prevent stress-induced diseases, especially coronary heart disease. Methods: participants of this study were 30 students (10 males & 20 females), whose mean age was 21.30 (SD=2.29). Fifteen students (5 males & 10 females) were assigned for in each group, treatment and control groups. They were interviewed and given a survey that included a consent form, demographics sheet and psychological tests, such as State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Before the application of psychological stress, participants in treatment group were going through with a course of physical exercise, running on treadmill 15minutes, while participants in control group were not physically active. After exercise, there was 15 minutes resting period before applying cognitive stress. During the experiment, all participants performed challenging cognitive tasks for 20minutes in situations that were designed to experience learned helplessness and measured their cardiovascular reactivity including blood pressure and heart rate every 5 minutes, until 10 minutes after finishing the application of psychological stress(recovering state). In the end of experiment, they were given some psychological test again. Results: Heart rates of exercise group were significantly higher than non-exercise group, especially, five minute after applying cognitive stress and at the end of recovery, in other word 10 minutes after stressful event. Systolic blood pressures of exercise group were lower than those of non-exercise group during the stressful event, but this differences in borderline level of significance. state anger level of exercise group decreased even experiencing stress, while those of non-exercise group increase. And state anxiety level of exercise group decreased in borderline level of significance. Conclusion: This study reiterate health benefits of physical activity and suggest that regular moderate exercise may regulate cardiovascular reactivity and psycho-affective responses from stress by reducing stress induced sympathetic output.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.141-157
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• 1971

The peripheral infection is one of the major causes of maternal death, and although it is preventable through an effective prenatal as well as postnatal care its morbidity is increasing due to bacterial resistant to an effective antibiotics. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the peripheral morbidity of 949 parturients who were admitted to the Obstetrics and Gynecologic department of Ewha Woman's University Hospital from January 1971 to September 1971. Among the 949 parturients, especially 40 normal parturients were selected (20, control soup was given complete aseptic care during labor and delivery and post delivery: 20, compare group was given the ordinary care practiced during labor and delivery and maternal ward of Ewha Woman's University Hospital) for bacteriologic test on vaginal flora twice, on admission and on complete cervical dilatation of each parturient. The results obtained from this study were as follows; 1. Majority of parturients age were 21 to 35 years old(90.83%), and educational level of 949 parturients was above high school. A large number of parturients socioeconomic level (according to their husbands' job) were moderate. 2, Among the 949 parturients, multipara (55.9%) were a little more than primipara (44. 1%) and 38.84% of parturients had experienced aborition. 3. In deliverty types, normal deliveries (804 cases) were more than cesarean section deliveries (145 cases) The peripheral morbidity after normal deliveries was 0.5%, and cesarean section deliveries, 23.45%. 4. Among 949 parturients incidence of hemorrhage eases (500cc or more bleeding) showed the higher peripheral morbidity (24.86%) than other cases (bleeding less than 500cc, 7.83%). 5. The majority of parturients (81.03%) had teen taking antenatal care, but most of them were taken irregular antenatal care. On the other hand, on admission, the parturients with complication were 30.32%, and their peripheral morbidity showed much higher (7.02%) than those with no complication (2.71%). 6. The incidence of peripheral morbidity in premature ruptured membrane was higher (10.91%) than normal parturienta (1.73%). 7. In the result of aseptic care during labor and delivery and post delivery, the number of cultured bacteria was legs in control group than Compare group (in control group, on admission 17, on complete cervical dilatation 12: in compare group, on admission 21 on complete cervical dilatation 21) . The most common bacteria were Staphylococcus (control group 14 on admission, compare group 16 on admission), and next Streptococcus, E- Coil, Bacillus Subtilis, in order. Also in control group the number. of colony were reduced (43%) more than in Compare group. Transient temperature elevation from 37℃ to 37.4℃ were noted in compare group (50%) than in control group (30%), and there was no one indicated above 38℃. In conclusion, the aseptic care is the test way of preventing peripheral infection as well as decreasing the puerperal morbidity. Therefore the most important nursing care is the aseptic care for each parturient during labor and delivery and peat delivery and also all the instruments must be cleaned and sterilized.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.34-46
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• 2009

이 연구는 비교적 간단하면서도 객관성과 타당성이 높다고 평가되는 자료와 산출방식을 적용하여 보건사업의 가중치를 산출함으로써 지방자치단체 보건사업의 자원 배분과 평가에 용이하게 활용할 수 있는 계량적 기준을 제시하고자 하는 목적으로 수행되었다. 이를 위해 먼저 HP 2010에서 제시한 중점과제를 기초로 선행연구의 결과와 보건복지부 사업담당자들의 의견을 반영하여 분류안을 구성하였다. 다음으로 선행연구 결과들을 검토하여 각 보건사업과 관련된 질병부담 자료를 수집하였고, 전문가 의견 조사를 실시하여 각 보건사업과 관련된 문제의 심각도와 사업의 추정 효과를 파악하였다. 그리고 이와 같은 과정을 통해 수집된 자료들을 BPRS 방식에 적용하여 보건사업의 가중치를 산출하였다. 수집된 자료들을 BPRS 공식에 대입하여 가중치를 산출한 결과 전염성질환이 58.97%로 가장 높았고, 금연이 14.07%로 두 번째로 높았다. 그 다음은 고혈압(3.87%), 당뇨(3.40%), 암(2.90%), 심 뇌혈관질환(2.86%), 운동(2.10%), 절주(2.07%), 건강검진(1.92%), 정신건강증진(1.72%), 중증정신질환(1.62%), 영양(1.52%), 구강위생관리(1.15%), 구강질환(1.10%), 중독(0.73%) 순으로 나타났다. 이 연구의 결과는 중앙정부가 지방자치단체 보건사업에 자원을 배분할 때 계량적 기준으로 활용할 수 있으며, 평가점수 산정 시 상대적으로 더 중요한 사업에 더 높은 점수를 부여하여 사업의 효과성을 정책적으로 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.