• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.83-96
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• 2017

The importance of service science is emphasized in the modern economy, and the value and necessity of service research still increasing. Since the service research framework was proposed, it has been studied from various perspectives and incorporated into one framework--service research. The direction of service research has been established and a new baseline of research has been established. However, the modern economic and social environment could be described as a new era, the Fourth Industrial Revolution has changed drastically. More and more systematic research on services has become necessary. Therefore, this study analyzed the field of service research in the existing framework. The study suggested how service research could broaden the horizon of service research by studying the 'what'. To do this, we analyzed recent service research trends by themes. We also identified the shortcomings of previous studies about service, and suggested directions and research themes for future research. Based on this study we developed a general approach to the creation of new models from the viewpoint of service science. The authors were also able to develop a general approach to areas such as service innovation, service inference, service solution, and service design leverage. In addition, it is necessary to extend service research and business model to the utilization of service technology. This approach could contribute to forming the basis of future service development, and to utilize social media to create new value of innovative company. The results of this study could contribute to deepening and expanding service research.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.547-561
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to determine which nursing activities are performed for patients in each of the nine KDRGs and to examine common nursing activities between patients with the nine KDRGs and special nursing activities which were not common to patients with the nine KDRGs. The study will provide basic data for estimation of nursing fees. The nine KDRGs in model project are Lens procedures, tonsillectomy, &/or adenoidectomy, appendectomy &/or not complicate principal diagnosis, vaginal delivery, cesarean section, anal & stomal procedures, inguinal & femoral hernia, uterine & adneza procedure for nonmalignancy, and simple pneumonia & pleurisy. To determine the nursing activities for each of the nine KDRG, checklists of nursing activities in each nine KDRG were developed from the literature and a total of 115 records of patients 'who were diagnosed and discharged between January and April, 1999 from a tertiary medical center. Nursing activities for each of the nine KDRG were verified through two consecutive content analyses. The results of study are followed as: 1. The checklists of nursing activities developed included direct and indirect nursing activities, for a total of 241 nursing activities. Direct nursing consisted of physical, educational, emotional-socioecomomic-spiritual nursing in 17 areas. Indirect nursing had four areas. 2. Through the two consecutive content analyses, 197 nursing activities were selected, having item CVIs of .83 or more. Those included 81 nursing activities for Lens procedures, 95 for Tonsillectomy &/or Adenoidectomy. 93 in Appendectomy &/or not complicated principal diagnosis, 155 for vaginal delivery, 172 for cesarean section, 89 for anal & stomal procedures, 93 for inguinal & femoral hernia, 108 for uterine & adneza procedures for non-malignancy, and 68 for simple pneumonia & pleurisy. 3. Nursing activities for each of the nine KDRG were compared. Activities with 80% or higher commonality within the nine KDRGs consisted of 86 of 197 nursing activities for the total designated common nursing activities, 30 common nursing activities for patients in the operation group, 45 common activities for patients in the delivery Group. Special nursing activities not common within the nine KDRGs were : 3 for Lens procedures, 1 for Tonsillectomy &/or Adenoidectomy. 2 for Appendectomy &/or not complicated principal diagnosis, 27 for vaginal delivery, 21 for Cesarean section, 6 for anal & stomal procedures, 3 for inguinal & femoral hernia, 16 for uterine & adneza procedure for non-malignancy, 8 for simple pneumonia & pleurisy. In this study, nursing activities for each of the nine KDRGs verified through two consecutive content analyses are those that are performed in the hospital. And, nursing activities for each of the nine KDRGs included all nursing activities from hospital admission to discharge. So. the checklists consisted of nursing activities that allow for an estimation of nursing fees under PPS. The classification of nursing activities in the study will provide a reference for the development of a nursing activity classification.

• 전자공학회논문지 IE
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.73-81
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• 2010

The main purpose of this study was to examine the effects of meta-cognition, learning flow and problem solving ability of the college engineering students on academic achievement. For this purpose, a total of 396 college engineering freshmen of the six different departments was chosen to conduct a survey. A hypothetical model was proposed, which was composed of meta-cognition, problem solving ability and learning flow as the prediction variables, and academic achievement as the outcome variables. The results of this study through multiple regression analysis showed that meta-cognition, learning flow and problem solving ability significantly influenced on the college engineering studnets' academic achievement. In addition, learning flow was used as a significant mediated variable in the relationships among meta-cognition, problem solving ability and academic achievement. Based on these study results, the above variables investigated in this study should be considered in the design and development of the college engineering courses that enable students to facilitate their problem-solving attitude and improve academic achievement.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.1 no.2 s.2
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• pp.63-80
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• 1999

This study presents NGDM(National Geospatial Information Distribution Model) in order to effectively utilize and differently apply geospatial information which is important in the dispersion of GIS. In order to establish the NGDM, this study draws the guideline of NGDM in Korea by analyzing its present condition of domestic and foreign geospatial information distribution. It also investigates some major factors forming the infrastructure of NGDM in regulative, technical, physical, and social aspects. Based on these factors, this study presents a three-staged NGDM that is applicable in Korea. The NGDM consists of four components that are the consumer, supplier, gateway for the clearinghouse and the clearinghouse of the geospatial information. According to the management form of geospatial information, the types of NGDM are classified as the concentration type, the distribution type, and compound type. Also, this study explains the mutual relationship between the NGDM's components and suggests a three-staged NGDM of planting, growth, and maturity period considering comparison results of classified models and development direction of regulation, protocol, communication network, electronic commerce, and etc.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.1 s.63
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• pp.15-26
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• 2006

As the interest and use of computer have been increased among elderly users according to the entry to the aging society, the issue of universal design for computer usability was brought forward. Especially, it is widely recognized that universal UI(User Interlace) design on MS windows is important. The objective of this study is to conceptualize Universal GUI design on MS windows which can be used more easily and intuitively by novice users such as elderly and housewives. Especially, the solution for Universal GUI design on MS windows was developed by reflecting elderly users' needs because elderly users is the group with more difficulties than other user groups in learning and using MS windows. First, elderly user's needs was collected by participant observation as a teaching assistant in computer dass for elderly people for 4 weeks. Secondly, the experimental test and in-depth interview was implemented to find difficulties factors and needs in addition to participant observation. Based on the findings, the new GUI design solution was suggested. The design solution consists of ideas in several categories such as setting default, simplification of function for easy conceptual model making, customization of function and working environment, and intuitive GUI in interaction process. The new MS windows GUI design can be accessed by novice mode when user login in window XP. This study has the significance in finding elderly users detailed needs through in-depth and long term participant observation. However, the usability of the suggested prototype needs to be verified to various user groups besides elderly users in the future.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.36 no.3 s.134
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• pp.345-363
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• 2003

From the General Circulation Models(GCMs), it is known that the increases of concentrations of greenhouse gases will have significant implications for climate change in global and regional scales. The GCM has an uncertainty in analyzing the meteorologic processes at individual sites and so the 'downscaling' techniques are used to bridge the spatial and temporal resolution gaps between what, at present, climate modellers can provide and what impact assessors require. This paper describes a method for assessing local climate change impacts using a robust statistical downscaling technique. The method facilitates the rapid development of multiple, low-cost, single-site scenarios of daily surface weather variables under current and future regional climate forcing. The construction of climate change scenarios based on spatial regression(transfer function) downscaling and on the use of a local stochastic weather generator is described. Regression downscaling translates the GCM grid-box predictions with coarse resolution of climate change to site-specific values and the values were then used to perturb the parameters of the stochastic weather generator in order to simulate site-specific daily weather values. In this study, the global climate change scenarios are constructed using the YONU GCM control run and transient experiments.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.170-182
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to develop learning materials based on the Kepler's abductive reasoning and to identify high school students' rule-inferring strategies on the law of planetary motion. The learning materials including the concepts of solar magnetic field, conservation of figure skater's angular momentum and Kepler's polyhedral theory were developed and the questions about Kepler's 2nd and 3rd law of planetary motion were also created. The participants were 79science high school students and 83general high school students. The patterns and properties of their abductive inference were analyzed. The findings revealed that the students showed 'incomplete analogy abduction', 'analogy abduction' and 'reconstruction' to generate the hypotheses concerning the Mars' motion related to the solar magnetic field. There were more general high school students who showed the incomplete analogy abduction than science high school students. On the other hand, there were more science high school students who showed the analogy abduction and reconstruction strategy than general high school students. Also, they showed 'incomplete analogy abduction', 'analogy abduction' and 'model construction and manipulation' to generate the hypotheses concerning Kepler's second law. A number of general high school students showed the incomplete analogy. It is suggested that because the analogy of figure skater cause the students' alternative framework to use, more detailed demonstration is necessary in class. In addition, students combined Kepler's polyhedral theory with their prior knowledge to infer Kepler's third law.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.23-33
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• 2012

Recently, landslide disasters caused by severe rain storms and typhoons have been frequently reported. Due to the geomorphologic characteristics of Korea, considerable portion of urban area and infrastructures such as road and railway have been constructed near mountains. These infrastructures may encounter the risk of landslide and debris flow. It is important to evaluate the highly risky locations of landslide and to prepare measures for the protection of landslide in the process of construction planning. In this study, a landslide-risk prediction equation is proposed based on the statistical analysis of 423 landslide data set obtained from field surveys, disaster reports on national road, and digital maps of landslide area. Each dataset includes geomorphologic characteristics, soil properties, rainfall information, forest properties and hazard history. The comparison between the result of proposed equation and actual occurrence of landslide shows 92 percent in the accuracy of classification. Since the input for the equation can be provided within short period and low cost, and the results of equation can be easily incorporated with hazard map, the proposed equation can be effectively utilized in the analysis of landslide-risk for large mountainous area.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.107-116
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• 2013

Occur in various parts of the world and the new aspects of the regional conflict is spreading. Nation and civilization, one based on religious ideology, hegemonic tendencies areas of conflict are factors that appear. It has the characteristic that inheritance and conflict between civilizations is spreading. Christian and Islamic books, especially the confrontation and conflict is surfaced in the international political aspects, and a threat to the security of the human race is approaching. To assert the superiority of Western Christianity emerging countries, the salvation of mankind and world peace mission with the historical non-democracy, human rights, women's rights, underdevelopment, nuclear issues, and the spirit of Christian civilization, considered to be linked and reverse, Democracy Launching and human rights issues are forcing Western development model. Islam believes in absolute monotheism that God Lord only determined by the 'slave' and having the determination to serve the religious, political, social and cultural nature ingrained, and closely adjacent to each other geographically, to focus on in quency characteristics higher than the other civilizations are appearing. To assert the doctrine of non-violent Islam 'Koran' and 'knife' became known as the violent images appear in the armed conflict between the culture method. Today the world is facing a clash of civilizations is derived from the religious conflicts and confrontation and friction between the nations appear. In particular, the deep religious roots of Christianity and Islam, the Arab-Israeli conflict, including the right to live in strife confrontation between Christianity and Islam was spread. By a factor of civilization and the spread of terrorism occurred historically proven came here from all over the earth that is being generated is true. Civilization are the symbol of the nation and the species identity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.634-641
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• 2016

The objective of this research was to investigate the in vivo effects of treatment with mulberry extract complex (MEC) on cartilage degeneration and pain severity in an experimental model of rat degenerative arthritis. Monosodium iodoacetate ($2mg/50{\mu}L$) was injected into right knee joints of rats, followed by administration of MEC for 8 weeks at 400 mg/kg or 800 mg/kg of body weight. The experimental data show that treatment with MEC inhibited degradation of glycosaminoglycan and collagen in cartilage. On the other hand, concentrations of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, C-terminal telopeptide-2, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and MMP-13 in serum decreased in comparison with the control. The MEC at all dose levels could inhibit formation of xylene-induced ear edema. In this study, MEC demonstrated significant anti-arthritis activity, which is required for improvement of degenerative arthritis. Based on these results, MEC may be employed for the development of new health foods to ease symptoms of degenerative arthritis.