• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제28권3D호
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• pp.407-415
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 도시하천의 수체적 계산에 이용되는 지형측량자료의 정확도 향상을 위해 영상정보를 연계하는 기법을 제시하였다. 먼저, 사주와 초지에 대한 지형을 구축하기 위해 횡단측량자료로부터 IDW와 크리깅과 같은 GIS 공간추정기법을 적용하였으며 생성된 지형의 정확도를 평가하기 위해 검정점 측량자료와 비교하였다. 비교결과, 사주에서는 2차 제곱의 IDW가 초지영역에서는 크리깅 구형모델이 하천내 지형구축에 효과적이었으나, 보간법간의 차이는 크지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 하천에 분포하고 있는 사주와 초지에 대한 영역을 효과적으로 고려하기 위해 최소거리법을 적용하여 영상을 분류하여 Water Level Point의 수위값을 적용하였다. 사주와 초지영역을 영상정보로부터 추출하여 생성한 지형자료로부터 분석한 하천내 수체적은 영상정보를 활용하지 않은 기존의 지형에 비해 사주는 20%, 초지는 13%의 정확도 개선효과를 나타내었다. 따라서, 영상정보를 연계한 하천지형분석기법은 홍수시 댐하류에 분포하는 사주와 초지영역에 대한 모니터링 및 하천내 수체적 계산에 유용하게 활용될 수 있으리라 판단된다.

• 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.37-47
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• 2017

Purpose - Recently, the food service franchise market is experiencing rapid growth and competition is intensifying. Therefore, consumer choice has expanded, and reputation management has become important as a strategy for survival of corporations. Based on previous studies, this research proposed the theoretical framework about the structural relationships among reputation, trust(cognitive trust, affective trust), and loyalty. Research design, data, and methodology - This study examined the structural relationship between reputation, trust, and loyalty from the customer's perspective. Based on comprehensive validation procedures across nine food service Franchise firm types, This study found support for a five-dimensional scale with the following dimensions: Customer Orientation, Employer Brand, Reliable and Financially Strong Company, Product and Service Quality, and Social and Environmental Responsibility. In order to verify the research purposes, research model and hypotheses were developed. The data were collected from 227 food service franchise consumers through online survey. The data was analyzed with SPSS 24.0 and Amos 23.0 statistical program. Result - The results of the study are as follows. First, customer orientation, reliable·financially strong company and product·service quality have significant impact on corporate cognitive trust. And employer brand, product/service quality and social·environmental responsibility have significant impact on corporate affective trust. Second, cognitive trust and affective trust have significant impacts on consumer loyalty. Conclusions - The implications of this study are following as: From the theoretical perspective, this study considers trust as two dimensions such as cognitive and affective, not a single dimension, and identify what dimensions of franchise firms affect consumers' reputation perception and in turn lead cognitive and affective trust, and loyalty. This study also provides several managerial implications. In the franchise market where competition is intensifying, it is very important to analyze the attitudes of consumers in order to gain an advantage in competition with other competitors. In this study, it is meaningful that the study was conducted on consumers who have experience using a restaurant franchise company. Also, reputation is necessary to pay attention to the company because it is an important variable that strengthens with customer through confidence in food service franchise business, and leads loyalty and consumer consumption. Therefore, marketers should develop marketing strategies considering various reputation factors.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2023

Purpose: Although ionization chambers are widely used to measure beam commissioning data, point-by-point measurements of all the profiles with various field size and depths are time-consuming tasks. As an alternative, we investigated the feasibility of a linear diode array for commissioning a treatment planning system. Methods: The beam data of a Varian TrueBeam^® radiotherapy system at 6 and 10 MV with/without a flattening filter were measured for commissioning of an Eclipse Analytical Anisotropic Algorithm (AAA) ver.15.6. All of the necessary beam data were measured using an IBA CC13 ionization chamber and validated against Varian "Golden Beam" data. After validation, the measured CC13 profiles were used for commissioning the Eclipse AAA (AAA_CC13). In addition, an IBA LDA-99SC linear diode array detector was used to measure all of the beam profiles and for commissioning a separate model (AAA_LDA99). Finally, the AAA_CC13 and AAA_LDA99 dose calculations for each of the 10 clinical plans were compared. Results: The agreement of the CC13 profiles with the Varian Golden Beam data was confirmed within 1% except in the penumbral region, where ≤2% of a discrepancy related to machine-specific jaw calibration was observed. Since the volume was larger for the CC13 chamber than for the LDA-99SC chamber, the penumbra widths were larger in the CC13 profiles, resulting in ≤5% differences. However, after beam modeling, the penumbral widths agreed within 0.1 mm. Finally the AAA_LDA99 and AAA_CC13 dose distributions agreed within 1% for all voxels inside the body for the 10 clinical plans. Conclusions: In conclusion, the LDA-99SC diode array detector was found to be accurate and efficient for measuring photon beam profiles to commission treatment planning systems.

• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.263-283
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• 2016

본 연구는 지속 유대 척도(Continuing Bonds Scale: CBS)를 한국어로 번안하여 한국판 지속 유대 척도(이하 K-CBS)의 요인구조, 신뢰도 및 타당도를 평가하기 위하여 수행되었다. 연구 1에서 가족을 포함하여 친밀관계에 있던 사람과 사별한 경험이 있는 성인을 대상(293명)으로 탐색적 요인분석을 실시한 결과, 10개 문항의 단일 요인 구조가 도출되었으며, 전체 변량의 52.59%를 설명하였다. K-CBS의 내적 합치도는 .92로 양호하였다. 연구 2에서 동일한 조건의 새로운 표본(200명)을 대상으로 확인적 요인분석을 실시한 결과, 표준화 회귀계수 추정치는 모두 적절하였지만 다중상관자승치가 .40 미만인 한 문항이 있어서 이것을 제거하고 9문항을 최종 문항으로 결정하였다. 9문항 단일 요인에 대한 모형 적합도는 양호한 수준으로 나타났다. 관련 변인과의 관계를 보면, K-CBS는 애도반응과 정적 상관을 보이고, 우울과도 약한 정적 상관을 보였으나 애도반응을 통제했을 때, K-CBS는 오히려 우울감소를 예측하였다. 외상 후 성장과는 유의한 정적 상관을 나타냈다. 아울러 K-CBS 점수는 사별 대상과 상실 예상 여부에 따른 집단에서 차이가 유의하게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 K-CBS가 지속 유대를 신뢰롭고 타당하게 측정하는 도구임을 보여준다. 끝으로 본 연구의 의의와 제한점, 추후 연구방향에 대해 논의하였다.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.63-65
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• 2023

BIM 및 AR 기술은 실제 구조물에 3D 모델 및 정보를 투영하여 현장 내 필요 데이터에 손쉽게 접근할 수 있게 한다는 점에서 건설 산업의 생산성을 증진시킬 수 있을 것으로 평가되어왔다. 그러나 건설 품질관리 업무 내 AR 기술을 적용하기 위한 선행 연구는 대부분 건설 프로젝트 전반을 대상으로 수행되어 총괄적 현장관리 방안에 불과하며, 철근과 같은 부재 단위의 품질관리 내 AR을 적용한 일부 연구 사례 또한 단순 투영에만 집중되어 구체적인 품질점검이 불가한 것으로 확인되었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 철근 부재에 특화된 실무 적용 가능 수준의 BIM 기반 AR 품질관리 시스템 개발을 최종 목적으로 하였다. 본 시스템 개발을 위해 철도 건설 현장에서 활용하는 품질점검 리스트의 철근 점검 항목을 분석하고, 이들을 효과적으로 대응할 수 있는 AR 요소기술 4가지를 개발 및 탑재하였다. 실제 철도 교량 구조물을 대상으로 개발된 시스템을 검증하였으며, 그 결과 투영 안정성 저하 문제가 도출되었다. 이는 모델 경량화(simplification) 및 AR 기기 하드웨어 성능 향상을 통해 해결하였으며, 최종적으로 시스템이 정상적으로 구동되는 것을 확인하였다. 이후 현장 품질 전문가를 대상으로 개발된 철근 품질점검 시스템의 실무 적용성 평가를 실시하였으며, 현행 철근 점검 방식 대비 AR 시스템 활용 시 점검 효율성이 증가할 것으로 평가되었다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.71-89
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• 2023

A groundwater potential map (GPM) was built for the Nakdonggang River Basin based on ten variables, including hydrogeologic unit, fault-line density, depth to groundwater, distance to surface water, lineament density, slope, stream drainage density, soil drainage, land cover, and annual rainfall. To integrate the thematic layers for GPM, the criteria were first weighted using the Analytic Hierarchical Process (AHP) and then overlaid using the Technique for Ordering Preferences by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) model. Finally, the groundwater potential was categorized into five classes (very high (VH), high (H), moderate (M), low (L), very low (VL)) and verified by examining the specific capacity of individual wells on each class. The wells in the area categorized as VH showed the highest median specific capacity (5.2 m³/day/m), while the wells with specific capacity < 1.39 m³/day/m were distributed in the areas categorized as L or VL. The accuracy of GPM generated in the work looked acceptable, although the specific capacity data were not enough to verify GPM in the studied large watershed. To create GPMs for the determination of high-yield well locations, the resolution and reliability of thematic maps should be improved. Criterion values for groundwater potential should be established when machine learning or statistical models are used in the GPM evaluation process.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.334-343
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• 2023

Background: South Korea's Act on Registration and Evaluation, etc. of Chemicals (known as K-REACH) was established to protect public health and the environment from hazardous chemicals. 4,4'-Methylenedianiline (MDA), which is used as a major intermediate in industrial polymer production and as a vulcanizing agent in South Korea, is classified as a toxic substance under the K-REACH act. Although MDA poses potential ecological risks due to industrial emissions and hazards to aquatic ecosystems, no ecological risk assessment has been conducted. Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the ecological risk of MDA by identifying the actual exposure status based on the K-REACH act. Methods: Various toxicity data were collected to establish predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs) for water, sediment, and soil. Using the SimpleBox Korea v2.0 model with domestic release statistical data and EU emission factors, predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) were derived for ten sites, each referring to an MDA-using company. Hazard quotient (HQ) was calculated by ratio of the PECs and PNECs to characterize the ecological risk posed by MDA. To validate the results of modeling-based assessment, concentration of MDA was measured using in-site freshwater samples (two to three samples per site). Results: PNECs for water, sediment, and soil were 0.000525 mg/L, 4.36 mg/kg dw, and 0.1 mg/kg dw, respectively. HQ for surface water and sediment at several company sites exceeded 1 due to modeling data showing markedly high PEC in each environmental compartment. However, in the results of validation using in-site surface water samples, MDA was not detected. Conclusions: Through an ecological risk assessment conducted in accordance with the K-REACH act, the risk level of MDA emitted into the environmental compartments in South Korea was found to be low.

• 대한기관윤리심의기구협의회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2023

Purpose: To validate the effectiveness of obtaining consent education on errors in the consent process and to develop the education program for researchers. Methods: From February 2019 to February 2022, a 30-minute, 1:1 face-to-face consent education developed using the ADDIE model was conducted on 78 nurses as principal investigators. An informed consent audit tool, which includes 6 items developed by Asan Medical Center Human Research Protection Center, was used to analyze errors in obtaining informed consent process. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS ver. 25.0, and the Mann-Whitney U-test and χ²-test were utilized to verify the difference in errors between the experimental and control groups. Results: The participants consisted of 42 in the experimental group and 36 in the control group, with no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups. Both 2 groups showed the highest frequency of documentation errors, followed by format errors, errors related to a suitability of investigator, participant, or participant's legally acceptable representative, witness and confidentiality issues. After education, there was a significant decrease in both format errors (p=0.002) and documentation errors (p<0.001) in the experimental group. The proportion of participants without any errors in all items was higher in the experimental group (35.7%) compared to the control group (5.6%), and this difference was statistically significant (p=0.001). Conclusion: The obtaining consent education program was found to be effective in reducing informed consent errors. This study emphasizes the importance of education, suggesting the need for its expansion and accessibility, as well as the necessity for all researchers conducting clinical studies to receive the obtaining consent education.

• 지적과 국토정보
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.53-66
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• 2023

최근 자율주행 분야에서 실세계와 유사한 디지털트윈 기반의 가상 시뮬레이션 환경 구축에 대한 관심이 크게 증가하고 있다. 디지털트윈 기반의 시뮬레이션 환경에서 자율주행의 성능 및 기능 검증뿐만 아니라, 딥러닝을 위한 가상 학습데이터 생성 연구도 활발히 수행되고 있다. 그러나, 이러한 디지털트윈 기반 자율주행 시뮬레이션 시스템은 고정밀 데이터 구축과 시스템 개발에 많은 시간과 비용을 필요로 하는 문제를 가지고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 기 구축된 3차원 입체모형과 정밀도로지도만을 이용하여 디지털트윈 기반의 실시간 자율주행 시뮬레이션 시스템을 신속히 설계하고 구현하기 위한 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 구체적으로 부산 EDC 지역에 대한 FBX의 3D 입체모형과 NGII HD Map을 CARLA에 통합하는 방법과 CARLA 기능을 추가 및 수정하는 방법을 제시한다. 본 연구 결과는 기존의 3D 입체모형과 NGII HD 맵을 활용하면 저렴한 비용으로 신속한 시뮬레이션 시스템의 설계 및 구현이 가능함을 보여준다. 또한, 시뮬레이션 시나리오 구성, 사용자 맞춤형 주행, 실시간 신호등 상태 시뮬레이션 등의 다양한 기능도 지원할 수 있다. 향후 광범위한 지역에 대하여 시스템이 적용되는 경우에 시스템의 활용도가 크게 향상될 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.48-58
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• 2024

Objective: To quantify the effects of midline-related landmark identification on midline deviation measurements in posteroanterior (PA) cephalograms using a cascaded convolutional neural network (CNN). Methods: A total of 2,903 PA cephalogram images obtained from 9 university hospitals were divided into training, internal validation, and test sets (n = 2,150, 376, and 377). As the gold standard, 2 orthodontic professors marked the bilateral landmarks, including the frontozygomatic suture point and latero-orbitale (LO), and the midline landmarks, including the crista galli, anterior nasal spine (ANS), upper dental midpoint (UDM), lower dental midpoint (LDM), and menton (Me). For the test, Examiner-1 and Examiner-2 (3-year and 1-year orthodontic residents) and the Cascaded-CNN models marked the landmarks. After point-to-point errors of landmark identification, the successful detection rate (SDR) and distance and direction of the midline landmark deviation from the midsagittal line (ANS-mid, UDM-mid, LDM-mid, and Me-mid) were measured, and statistical analysis was performed. Results: The cascaded-CNN algorithm showed a clinically acceptable level of point-to-point error (1.26 mm vs. 1.57 mm in Examiner-1 and 1.75 mm in Examiner-2). The average SDR within the 2 mm range was 83.2%, with high accuracy at the LO (right, 96.9%; left, 97.1%), and UDM (96.9%). The absolute measurement errors were less than 1 mm for ANS-mid, UDM-mid, and LDM-mid compared with the gold standard. Conclusions: The cascaded-CNN model may be considered an effective tool for the auto-identification of midline landmarks and quantification of midline deviation in PA cephalograms of adult patients, regardless of variations in the image acquisition method.