• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.257-269
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• 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explain the pivotal role of the travel forecasting process in urban transportation planning. This study emphasizes the use of travel forecasting models to anticipate future traffic. Method: This study examines the methodology used in urban travel demand modeling within transportation planning, specifically focusing on the Urban Transportation Modeling System (UTMS). UTMS is designed to predict various aspects of urban transportation, including quantities, temporal patterns, origin-destination pairs, modal preferences, and optimal routes in metropolitan areas. By analyzing UTMS and its operational framework, this research aims to enhance an understanding of contemporary urban travel demand modeling practices and their implications for transportation planning and urban mobility management. Result: The result of this study provides a nuanced understanding of travel dynamics, emphasizing the influence of variables such as average income, household size, and vehicle ownership on travel patterns. Furthermore, the attraction model highlights specific areas of significance, elucidating the role of retail locations, non-retail areas, and other locales in shaping the observed dynamics of transportation. Conclusion: The study methodically addressed urban travel dynamics in a four-ward area, employing a comprehensive modeling approach involving trip generation, attraction, distribution, modal split, and assignment. The findings, such as the prevalence of motorbikes as the primary mode of transportation and the impact of adjusted traffic patterns on reduced travel times, offer valuable insights for urban planners and policymakers in optimizing transportation networks. These insights can inform strategic decisions to enhance efficiency and sustainability in urban mobility planning.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.309-333
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• 2014

To meet the challenge of new type of innovation activities requires us to understand the social context of innovation and the potential needs of innovation users and, based on this, to co-construct technology and society simultaneously. Effective 'demand articulation' activities such as the understanding and utilization of user experiences and socio-technical planning are prerequisites for carrying out post-catch up innovations shaping new trajectories and contributing to solving social problems. Living Lab has recently been emerging particularly in Europe as an 'user-driven innovation model', in which users are active participants in innovation activities. The purpose of this study is to contribute to a theoretical discussion of Living Lab as an user-driven innovation model, to make a brief review of cases of Living Lab and to explore Living Lab's applicability in the Korean context. Living Lab is an open innovation model, in which end suers actively participate in innovation processes in a particular geographical space or region and would be able to solve specific problems of that space or region. In that sense, Living Lab would be able to strengthen the problem-solving capabilities of local communities and to become a pioneer in inducing and realizing a new socio-technical system. Furthermore, Living Lab could become an innovative policy tool reflecting recent major changes in innovation policy paradigms such as post-catch up innovation, demand-oriented innovation, regional innovation, societal innovation, innovation eco-system and socio-technical system transition, and thus make a contribution to exploring a new way of bringing about changes in the Korean society.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.277-286
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• 2021

Background: As trade increases, the influx of various alien species and their spread to new regions are prevalent and no longer a special problem. Anthropogenic activities and climate changes have made the distribution of alien species out of their native range common. As a result, alien species can be easily found anywhere, and they have nothing but only a few differences in intensity. The prevalent distribution of alien species adversely affects the ecosystem, and a strategic management plan must be established to control them effectively. To this end, hot spots and cold spots were analyzed according to the degree of distribution of invasive alien plants, and major environmental factors related to hot spots were found. We analyzed the 10,287 distribution points of 126 species of alien plants collected through the national survey of alien species by the hierarchical model of species communities (HMSC) framework. Results: The explanatory and fourfold cross-validation predictive power of the model were 0.91 and 0.75 as AUC values, respectively. The hot spots of invasive plants were found in the Seoul metropolitan area, Daegu metropolitan city, Chungcheongbuk-do Province, southwest shore, and Jeju island. Generally, the hot spots were found where the higher maximum temperature of summer, precipitation of winter, and road density are observed, but temperature seasonality, annual temperature range, precipitation of the summer, and distance to river and sea were negatively related to the hot spots. According to the model, the functional traits accounted for 55% of the variance explained by the environmental factors. The species with higher specific leaf areas were more found where temperature seasonality was low. Taller species preferred the bigger annual temperature range. The heavier seed mass was only preferred when the max temperature of summer exceeded 29 ℃. Conclusions: In this study, hot spots were places where 2.1 times more alien plants were distributed on average than non-hot spots (33.5 vs 15.7 species). The hot spots of invasive plants were expected to appear in less stressful climate conditions, such as low fluctuation of temperature and precipitation. Also, the disturbance by anthropogenic factors or water flow had positive influences on the hot spots. These results were consistent with the previous reports about the ruderal or competitive strategies of invasive plants instead of the stress-tolerant strategy. The functional traits are closely related to the ecological strategies of plants by shaping the response of species to various environmental filters, and our result confirmed this. Therefore, in order to effectively control alien plants, it is judged that the occurrence of disturbed sites in which alien plants can grow in large quantities is minimized, and the river management of waterfronts is required.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.25 no.4B
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• pp.604-612
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• 2000

In order to satisfy the desired QoS level associated with each existing connection, ATM networks require traffic policing during a connection. Users who respect the contract should receive the function of transparent traffic policing without any interruption. However, contract violations should be detected and mediated immediately. So we propose a CAM type policing controller to allow user cell streams to minimize additional delay. The proposed policing scheme controls policing actions including traffic shaping by suitably spacing cells on each virtual circuit. This policing action is based on parallel processing of multiple cell stream which arrive in ATM multiplexed virtual circuits. We have developed an analytical model of the proposed policing scheme to examine the amount of cell loss and delay, which depends on traffic load, the size of policing buffers and minimum spacing cell time.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.198-206
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• 2008

The fashion in the virtual world is emerging as a new genre. Gammer in virtual community shares the avatars and space for their activities and for flourishing their virtual lives, they start to demand indispensable daily items. The gammer's demands lead to the concept of second life in the virtual world which was introduced in 2003. The trading business system is realized at the virtual world with various daily items, developed by individual programmers, through the virtual money, which may converted into real money. Particularly, fashion industry's inherent nature of snagging on-line trading is no more, now, set to ready in the virtual world let alone various daily virtual items developed by individual programmers. The purpose of this study is, focused on the virtual second life, to introduce the model of fashion business in virtual world and overall informations regarding second life business systems so as to provide the fundamental data for opening the web.3.0 era. Further various fashion items in the virtual world, developed by individual programers, will be another boost for shaping another virtual fashion business genre.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.485-498
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• 2017

Objective: This study aims to survey and compare three systemic accident investigation techniques of Accimap, STAMP and FRAM, based on the application studies of the Sewol ferry accident. Background: Traditional accident investigation methods such as domino models, FTA, etc. work well for losses caused by physical component failures or actions of human in relatively simple systems, but are unable to depict mechanisms generating errors and violations in the current complex socio-technical systems. For better understanding the structure and behavior of the socio-technical systems, systemic techniques have been developed and used. Method: This study was mainly based on survey of literatures through surfing webpages of ScienceDirect and Google, and ergonomics relevant journals. The key words of Sewol, Sewol ferry, Sewol ferry accident, etc. were used in the survey. Results: Three systemic accident investigation methods included similar actors in the Sewol ferry accident including government, Ministry of Ocean and Fisheries, Korean Coast Guard, Korean Register of Shipping, Korea Shipping Association, Chonghaejin Marine Company, crew members. The methods graphically represented each level's failures or performance variabilities of relevant functions and relationships between them. It was shown that the systemic methods consider the entire system, ranging from the environment in which the accident occurred, to the role of government in shaping the system of work. Each method has its own comparative pros and cons, but the Accimap has advantages in terms of time of analysis, data required, model complexity and degree of comprehensiveness. Conclusion: This study reviewed and compared three systemic accident investigation methods, which showed that there are systemic characteristics and pros and cons in the methods. Application: The results would be used as a guideline when selecting accident investigation methods.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.47-66
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• 2020

Due to the division of China's departmental laws, the disconnect between theory and practice, and the influence of traditional academic thinking on the understanding of the knowledge structure of arbitration legal talents in practice, the construction of law school colleges, teaching teams, and research centers mostly revolves around departmental laws, tearing the connection of the arbitration legal system. The student-centered, process-guaranteed, and result-oriented arbitration master of law training model is "virtualized," the shaping of arbitration professionalism is ignored, the coverage of practical teaching is narrowed, and the arbitration legal profession is mostly formalized. The prevalence of specialized curriculum systems shortage, single faculty, formalized practical teaching, outdated curriculum settings, unsuitable curriculum system design for development, and inaccurate professional curriculum standards and positioning renders it difficult to integrate the "Belt and Road." The cutting-edge, the latest research results, and practical experience cannot reflect the connotation, goals, and requirements of "Entrepreneurship" education, as well as arbitral issues such as the ineffective monitoring of practical education and the inconsistent evaluation of standards and scales. Under the background of the "Belt and Road," based on system theory and practice and through training goals that innovate and initiate organizational form, activity content, management characteristics, assessment and support conditions, etc., the arbitration law teaching curriculum system is gradually improved and integrated. Through the establishment of a "Belt and Road" arbitration case file database and other measures, a complete arbitration law theory and practice teaching guarantee system has been established. Third parties are introduced, arbitration law experimental modules are developed, students are guided how to discover new knowledge, new contents are mastered, solidarity, cooperation, and problem-solving capabilities are cultivated in the practice of the "Belt and Road," and quality education, vocational education, and innovation education are organically integrated. In order to implement the requirements of arbitration law education, innovation development and collaborative management of arbitration law teaching practice base should be cultivated, thus giving full play to the effect of collaborative education between universities and arbitration institutions.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.180-197
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to create knit ruffles that represent the aesthetic and artistic values of painted works of art that rhythmically express flower petals and add an artistic impression on the knit ruffle designs. This study is based on the artistic life of Georgia O'Keeffe and changes in her artistic background, and the world of paintings. The relevant data was gathered from domestic and foreign references, academic journals, and the internet. The characteristics of Georgia O'Keeffe paintings were examined. Her paintings typically include a series of various motifs, symmetry, balance, and harmony of detailed realistic expressions and abstract elements, repetition, and the principles of contrast and emphasis in shaping. The decoration techniques used on fabrics were applied using the knitting machine which controls the tension to develop a variety of textures, apart from the previous standardized knit textures, through various knitting techniques. A gradation effect was then applied by piece-dyeing the knitted materials in various colors to express asimilarity to the original colors in O'Keeffe's works with delicate color expressions. After the piece-dyeing, the decorative knitted materials were trimmed on a model to re-create the natural curves of flower petals. This study aims to converge works of art with fashion designs to develop various creative knitted fashion and to impart an artistic sense in the fashion design industry.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.162-177
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• 2020

Background: Ecologists have achieved much progress in the study of mechanisms that maintain species coexistence and diversity. In this paper, we reviewed a wide range of past research related to these topics, focusing on five theoretical bodies: (1) coexistence by niche differentiation, (2) coexistence without niche differentiation, (3) coexistence along environmental stress gradients, (4) coexistence under non-equilibrium versus equilibrium conditions, and (5) modern perspectives. Results: From the review, we identified that there are few models that can be generally and confidently applicable to different ecological systems. This problem arises mainly because most theories have not been substantiated by enough empirical research based on field data to test various coexistence hypotheses at different spatial scales. We also found that little is still known about the mechanisms of species coexistence under harsh environmental conditions. This is because most previous models treat disturbance as a key factor shaping community structure, but they do not explicitly deal with stressful systems with non-lethal conditions. We evaluated the mainstream ideas of niche differentiation and stochasticity for the coexistence of plant species across salt marsh creeks in southwestern Denmark. The results showed that diversity indices, such as Shannon-Wiener diversity, richness, and evenness, decreased with increasing surface elevation and increased with increasing niche overlap and niche breadth. The two niche parameters linearly decreased with increasing elevation. These findings imply a substantial influence of an equalizing mechanism that reduces differences in relative fitness among species in the highly stressful environments of the marsh. We propose that species evenness increases under very harsh conditions if the associated stress is not lethal. Finally, we present a conceptual model of patterns related to the level of environmental stress and niche characteristics along a microhabitat gradient (i.e., surface elevation). Conclusions: The ecology of stressful systems with non-lethal conditions will be increasingly important as ongoing global-scale climate change extends the period of chronic stresses that are not necessarily fatal to inhabiting plants. We recommend that more ecologists continue this line of research.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.388-397
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• 2018

With the continuous expansion and updating of modern cities, the historical and cultural space of ancient city is under increasing impact from the expansion of modern cities. At present, the regeneration and protection of the ancient city has achieved remarkable results together with poor results. Based on this background, this paper has revealed the power operation behind the space production of three regenerated ancient cities with 'spatial practice', 'representation of space' and '"representation of space' as the framework to, and pointed out the influence of stake holders on space shaping and analysis on the construction of regeneration model. From the perspective of specific materials, society, power, and culture, this paper has analyzed the methods of regeneration construction of Wuzhen ancient city, and provided new methods and reference values for how to regenerate and protect ancient cities. Based on these studies and analysis of the regeneration issues in ancient cities and villages, other historical cultural areas, the paper has indicated that it is necessary to coordinate with the government to clarify the issue of property rights, as well as planners and managers, to activate the regional culture and integrate it with modern culture.