• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.167-176
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• 2019

The conversational agent, which is at the forefront of the 4th industry, aims to personalize the user-centered focus in the future and holds an important position to have a hub that can be connected to various IoT devices. It is a challenge for interactive agents to recognize the user's emotions and provide the correct interaction to personalization. The study first I looked at emotional definitions and scientific and engineering approaches. Then I recognized through social perspectives what social function and what factors emotions have and how they can be used to understand emotions. Based on this, I explored how users can be discovered emotional social factors in communication. This research has shown that social factors can be found in the user's speech, which can be linked to the social meaning of emotions. Finally, I propose a model to discover social factors in user communication. I hope that this will help designer and researcher to study user-centered design and interaction in designing interactive agents.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.38 no.6_2
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• pp.1663-1676
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• 2022

Recently, a number of deep-learning based land cover segmentation studies have been introduced. Some studies denoted that the performance of land cover segmentation deteriorated due to insufficient training data. In this study, we verified the improvement of land cover segmentation performance through data augmentation. U-Net was implemented for the segmentation model. And 2020 satellite-derived landcover dataset was utilized for the study data. The pixel accuracies were 0.905 and 0.923 for U-Net trained by original and augmented data respectively. And the mean F1 scores of those models were 0.720 and 0.775 respectively, indicating the better performance of data augmentation. In addition, F1 scores for building, road, paddy field, upland field, forest, and unclassified area class were 0.770, 0.568, 0.433, 0.455, 0.964, and 0.830 for the U-Net trained by original data. It is verified that data augmentation is effective in that the F1 scores of every class were improved to 0.838, 0.660, 0.791, 0.530, 0.969, and 0.860 respectively. Although, we applied data augmentation without considering class balances, we find that data augmentation can mitigate biased segmentation performance caused by data imbalance problems from the comparisons between the performances of two models. It is expected that this study would help to prove the importance and effectiveness of data augmentation in various image processing fields.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.273-280
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to identify and evaluate the competitiveness of ports in ASEAN(Association of Southeast Asian Nations), which plays a leading role in basing the hub of international logistics strategies as a countermeasure in changes of international logistics environments. This region represents most severe competition among Mega hub ports in the world in terms of container cargo throughput at the onset of the 21 st century. The research method in this study accounted for overlapping between attributes, and introduced the HFP method that can perform mathematical operations. The scope of this study was strictly confined to the ports of ASEAN. which cover the top 100 of 350 container ports that were presented in Containerization International Yearbook 2002 with reference to container throughput. The results of this study show Singapore in the number one position. Even compared with major ports in Korea (after getting comparative ratings and applying the same data and evaluation structure), the number one position still goes to Singapore and then Busan(2) and Manila(2), followed by Port Klang(4), Tanjugn Priok(5), Tanjung Perak(6), Bangkok(7), Inchon(8), Laem Chabang(9) and Penang(9). In terms of the main contributions of this study, it is the first empirical study to apply the combined attributes of detailed and representative attributes into the advanced HFP model which was enhanced by the KJ method to evaluate the port competitiveness in ASEAN. Up-to-now, none have comprehensively conducted researches with sophisticated port methodology that has discussed a variety of changes in port development and terminal transfers of major shipping lines. Moreover, through the comparative evaluation between major ports in Korea and ASEAN, the presentation of comparative competitiveness for Korea ports is a great achievement in this study. In order to reinforce this study, it needs further compensative research, including cost factors which could not be applied to modeling the subject ports by lack of consistently qualified in ASEAN.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.107-127
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• 2022

Global challenges such as the corona pandemic, climate change and the war-on-tech ensure that the demand who the technologies of the future develops and monitors prominently for will be on the agenda. Development of, and applications in, agrifood, biotech, high-tech, medtech, quantum, AI and photonics are the basis of the future earning capacity of the Netherlands and contribute to solving societal challenges, close to home and worldwide. To be like the Netherlands and Europe a strategic position in the to obtain knowledge and innovation chain, and with it our autonomy in relation to from China and the United States insurance, clear choices are needed. Brainport Eindhoven: Building on Philips' knowledge base, there is create an innovative ecosystem where more than 7,000 companies in the High-tech Systems & Materials (HTSM) collaborate on new technologies, future earning potential and international value chains. Nearly 20,000 private R&D employees work in 5 regional high-end campuses and for companies such as ASML, NXP, DAF, Prodrive Technologies, Lightyear and many others. Brainport Eindhoven has a internationally leading position in the field of system engineering, semicon, micro and nanoelectronics, AI, integrated photonics and additive manufacturing. What is being developed in Brainport leads to the growth of the manufacturing industry far beyond the region thanks to chain cooperation between large companies and SMEs. South-Holland: The South Holland ecosystem includes companies as KPN, Shell, DSM and Janssen Pharmaceutical, large and innovative SMEs and leading educational and knowledge institutions that have more than Invest €3.3 billion in R&D. Bearing Cores are formed by the top campuses of Leiden and Delft, good for more than 40,000 innovative jobs, the port-industrial complex (logistics & energy), the manufacturing industry cluster on maritime and aerospace and the horticultural cluster in the Westland. South Holland trains thematically key technologies such as biotech, quantum technology and AI. Twente: The green, technological top region of Twente has a long tradition of collaboration in triple helix bandage. Technological innovations from Twente offer worldwide solutions for the large social issues. Work is in progress to key technologies such as AI, photonics, robotics and nanotechnology. New technology is applied in sectors such as medtech, the manufacturing industry, agriculture and circular value chains, such as textiles and construction. Being for Twente start-ups and SMEs of great importance to the jobs of tomorrow. Connect these companies technology from Twente with knowledge regions and OEMs, at home and abroad. Wageningen in FoodValley: Wageningen Campus is a global agri-food magnet for startups and corporates by the national accelerator StartLife and student incubator StartHub. FoodvalleyNL also connects with an ambitious 2030 programme, the versatile ecosystem regional, national and international - including through the WEF European food innovation hub. The campus offers guests and the 3,000 private R&D put in an interesting programming science, innovation and social dialogue around the challenges in agro production, food processing, biobased/circular, climate and biodiversity. The Netherlands succeeded in industrializing in logistics countries, but it is striving for sustainable growth by creating an innovative ecosystem through a regional industry-academic research model. In particular, the Brainport Cluster, centered on the high-tech industry, pursues regional innovation and is opening a new horizon for existing industry-academic models. Brainport is a state-of-the-art forward base that leads the innovation ecosystem of Dutch manufacturing. The history of ports in the Netherlands is transforming from a logistics-oriented port symbolized by Rotterdam into a "port of digital knowledge" centered on Brainport. On the basis of this, it can be seen that the industry-academic cluster model linking the central government's vision to create an innovative ecosystem and the specialized industry in the region serves as the biggest stepping stone. The Netherlands' innovation policy is expected to be more faithful to its role as Europe's "digital gateway" through regional development centered on the innovation cluster ecosystem and investment in job creation and new industries.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.79-98
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to suggest a model analysing spatio-temporal characteristics of the civil complaints for the officially assessed land price based on big data mining. Specifically, in this study, the underlying reasons for the civil complaints were found from the spatio-temporal perspectives, rather than the institutional factors, and a model was suggested monitoring a trend of the occurrence of such complaints. The official documents of 6,481 civil complaints for the officially assessed land price in the district of Jung-gu of Incheon Metropolitan City over the period from 2006 to 2015 along with their temporal and spatial poperties were collected and used for the analysis. Frequencies of major key words were examined by using a text mining method. Correlations among mafor key words were studied through the social network analysis. By calculating term frequency(TF) and term frequency-inverse document frequency(TF-IDF), which correspond to the weighted value of key words, I identified the major key words for the occurrence of the civil complaint for the officially assessed land price. Then the spatio-temporal characteristics of the civil complaints were examined by analysing hot spot based on the statistics of Getis-Ord $Gi^*$. It was found that the characteristic of civil complaints for the officially assessed land price were changing, forming a cluster that is linked spatio-temporally. Using text mining and social network analysis method, we could find out that the occurrence reason of civil complaints for the officially assessed land price could be identified quantitatively based on natural language. TF and TF-IDF, the weighted averages of key words, can be used as main explanatory variables to analyze spatio-temporal characteristics of civil complaints for the officially assessed land price since these statistics are different over time across different regions.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

Wind power systems have gained much attention due to the relatively high reliability, good infrastructures and cost competitiveness to the fossil fuels. Advances have been made to increase the power efficiency of wind turbines while less attention has been focused on structural integrity assessment of structural sub-systems such as towers and foundations. Among many parameters for integrity assessment, the most perceptive parameter may be the induced horizontal displacement at the hub height although it is very difficult to measure particularly in large-scale and high-rise wind turbine structures. This study proposes an indirect displacement estimation scheme based on the combined use of inclinometers and accelerometers for more convenient and cost-effective measurements. To this end, (1) the formulation for data fusion of inclination and acceleration responses was presented and (2) the proposed method was numerically validated on an NREL 5 MW wind turbine model. The numerical analysis was carried out to investigate the performance of the propose method according to the number of sensors, the resolution and the available sampling rate of the inclinometers to be used.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.585-610
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• 2012

There have been various attempt to offer commercial service of electronic payment. Actually, however, there has been few electronic payment model that are being used commercial service. Among them, it is estimated that only TSU(Trade Service Utility) of SWIFT will be succeed in providing commercial service possibility. In Korea e-L/C Distribution & Management System was constructed and become the first e-L/C service on a global basis via e-Trade Facilitation 3 Years Project and then started offering the world first e-L/C service. Some scholars have insisted the opinion that SWIFT L/C means e-L/C, but such opinion may be wrong because SWIFT L/C means the L/C advised by SWIFT(Society for Worldwid Interbank Financial Telecommunication) under the condition that a series of procedure from the issuance of L/C to the advice is done by SWIFT system. Because perfect e-L/C should be organically connected by SWIFT network and also, the e-L/C business between overseas banks and their customers should be organically linked with each other. The purpose of this paper is contribute to the commercialization of e-L/C distribution system by studying the current status of infrastructure concerned with domestic and overseas electronic payment and future e-payment infrastructure, seeking to be introduced internationally by doing things.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.3 s.71
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• pp.1-12
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of health promotion programmes using traditional Korean medicine among public health centre staff in charge of running such programmes. To do so, we examined and analysed the current situation of implementing the programmes in the public health centre. Methods : A survey was designed to collect information on perception of the health promotion programmes using traditional Korean medicine by public health centre staff in charge of running such programmes. The survey, using a structured questionnaire designed for this study, was conducted on 161 public health centre staff attending an annual meeting to presenting the results of activity evaluation related to public health programmes using traditional Korean medicine in public health centres. The participants were asked about the most successful programme, the benefits of the programmes, the positive aspects of the programmes, the most desirable outcomes of the programmes and so on. The data were analysed using SPSS system 12.0 for Windows. Results : Of the 161 questionnaires, 121 were analysed. The main findings of this research were as follows. Of the health promotion programmes using traditional Korean medicine implemented in public health centres, qigong and stroke preventive health promotion programmes were perceived as the most successful. The major benefits of the programmes were having merit for health promotion and expecting a positive performance outcome. The major positive aspects of the programmes for health promotion were cultivating community citizen's support and showing consistency between the philosophy of the programmes and the direction of existing health promotion programmes. The most desirable outcomes of the programmes were spreading community understanding of the programme and establishing an effective and unique health promotion model for implementing the programme. Two major causes of implementation difficulties were lack of material resources such as manpower, facility, and equipment, and methods of performance evaluation. One of the most urgent needs for activating the implementation of programmes was continuing financial and technical support from the central government. Conclusions : To promote the role of traditional Korean medicine in the public health sector in order to integrate traditional medicine into the public health system, government should develop some measures for solving the identified causes of implementation difficulties and coping with the most urgent needs for activating the implementation of programmes.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.101-111
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• 2014

Purpose - This study aims to verify the construct of the service quality suitable to the characteristics of the business center, to develop the scale that can measure the service quality objectively, compare the diverse business centers in Korea, and present desirable methods of business center management and operation. Research design, data, and methodology - In the first stage, literature research and focus group interviews with current users and actual business experts of business centers were conducted. In addition, 69 early stage scale items were derived. In the second stage, a Delphi survey was conducted on the experts of business and academic circles. The measurement items in the early stage were supplemented and revised. The content validity rate (CVR) of 69 measures was computed and then the experts' opinions were used. As a result, the business center service quality scale, made up of 9 organizing factors and 36 measurement items, was constructed. In the third stage, a survey was conducted on the occupants who were currently using the business center. It was to confirm if the developed business center service quality scale could be actually utilized. The data of 435 samples collected were used. To refine the scale items, the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted repeatedly. Results - The business center service quality scale, made up of 8 factors and 33 items, was developed again. The 8 factors are reliability, speed, kindness, specialty, responsibility, appearance, convenience, and public interest. The reliability coefficient (Cronbach's Alpha) of each factor is greater than .7. Thus, it was confirmed that there was reliability in the measurement items. Further, the model suitability was verified using the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and the convergent validity and the discriminant validity were verified. This proved the construct validity. Through this process, the Korea Business Center Service Quality Scale was developed. Based on factor analysis, the developed business center service quality (BCSQ) scale consists of 4 aspects, 8 factors, and 33 items, comprising the "process quality" aspect: reliability (3 items), speediness (4 items), kindness (3 items) factors, the outcome quality aspect: expertise (3 items), responsibility (5 items) factors, the environment quality aspect: appearance (5 items), convenience (3 items) factors, and the public interest aspect: public interest (7 items) factor. However, according to CFA, the BCSQ scale consists of a total of 4 aspects, 8 factors, and 33 items, comprising the "process quality" aspect: reliability (3 items), speediness (3 items), kindness (3 items) factors, the outcome quality aspect: expertise (2 items), responsibility (4 items) factors, the environment quality aspect: appearance (3 items), convenience (2 items) factors, and the public interest aspect: public interest (3 items) factor. Conclusions - The BCSQ scale could serve as a diagnostic tool that will allow business center managers to determine service areas that are weak and in need of attention, and to improve the service quality of the business center.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.667-674
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• 2008

In this paper, operational problems of Busan Port and competitiveness deciding factors are analyzed by field data research and interview with employees in shipping companies and terminal operation companies. In the analysis, the problems Busan Port currently has are identified as follows: 1) low price competitiveness, 2) Lack of new port back facilities and connecting transportion system 3) Lack of operation ability of container terminal 4) Inefficient pour labor supply system. In order to strengthen the competitiveness and leap up to a hub port in North East Asia, Busan port is investigated to enhance below requirements. 1) Hiring more equipment and increase productivity in terminal 2) Integrating terminal operation companies to react maximization of vessel 3) Maintaining cost advantages 4)Proactively inviting global carriers to participate in the terminal operation 5)Making business environment for Global Terminal Operator to participate in the terminal operation in order to take advantage of their global marketing power.